Estimation of survival probability for a ship in beam seas using the safe basin

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nonlinear ship roll motion equation and the main parameters that induce ship capsizing in beam seas, estimate the survival probability of a ferry in random seas and to find out a risk assessment method for the ship’s intact stability. A single degree of freedom (1-DOF) dynamic system of ship rolling in beam seas is investigated and the nonlinear differential equation is solved in the time domain by the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The survival probability of a ferry in beam seas is investigated using the theory of “safe basin”. The survival probability is calculated by estimating erosion of “safe basin” during ship rolling motion by Monte Carlo simulations. From the results it can be concluded that the survival probability of a ship in beam sea condition can be predicted by combining Monte Carlo simulations and the theory of “safe basin”.     

Handling and launching of heavy concrete caissons in a marine environment

Handling of heavy structures demand unusual crane capacity. Availability of such cranes may be limited in developing countries. An innovative way to construct and launch heavy concrete structures in a developing country, where crane availability is rare, to lift, transport and handle heavy structures, is discussed in this paper. Heavy caissons are used in the marine environment as breakwaters, as berthing facilities for vessels, as gravity structures to absorb energy from waves, etc. The methodology for constructing multi-caissons on-board a barge and then on-board a floating dock is the subject of this paper. The respective feasibilities are discussed.The free floating condition of the caisson and its righting arm stability are described. At first the caisson was considered as its lip wall opened to the sea. The case of lip wall closed for more buoyancy is also considered. The stability of the barge and floating docks is shown for various stages of completion of construction. After investigating many factors, a safe procedure for construction and launching thereafter is described in this paper. The problem of handling a heavy concrete structure from the view point of a naval architect is highlighted.     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of A Net Cage for Flatfish in Waves简

A numerical model of flatfish cage is built based on the lumped mass method and the principle of rigid body kinematics. To validate the numerical model, a series of physical model tests are conducted in the wave flume. The numerical results correspond well with the data sets from physical model test. The effect of weight of bottom frame, height of fish net and net shape on motion responses of fish cage and tension force on mooring lines is then analyzed. The results indicate that the vertical displacements of float collar and bottom frame decrease with the increase in the weight of bottom frame; the maximum tension force on mooring lines increases with the increasing weight of bottom frame. The inclination angles of float collar and bottom frame decrease with the increasing net height; the maximum tension force increases obviously with the increase of net height.     

Analysis of roll motion and stability of a fishing vessel in head seas

The present paper describes an investigation on the relevance of parametric resonance for a typical fishing vessel in head seas. Results for different Froude numbers are discussed based on experimental, numerical and analytical studies.The first region of resonance is investigated. Distinct wave amplitudes are considered. Some intense resonances are found to occur. The paper compares the experimental results with non-linear time simulations of the roll motion. Very good agreement is found, even when large motions take place.Finally, in order to analyze the experimental/numerical results, analytic consideration is given to distinct parameters affecting the dynamic process of roll amplification. The influence of heave, pitch, wave passage effect, speed and roll restoring characteristics are discussed.     

Numerical simulation of PMM tests for a ship in close proximity to sidewall and maneuvering stability analysis

As the maneuverability of a ship navigating close to a bank is influenced by the sidewall, the assessment of ship maneuvering stability is important. The hydrodynamic derivatives measured by the planar motion mechanism (PMM) test provide a way to predict the change of ship maneuverability. This paper presents a numerical simulation of PMM model tests with variant distances to a vertical bank by using unsteady RANS equations. A hybrid dynamic mesh technique is developed to realize the mesh configuration and remeshing of dynamic PMM tests when the ship is close to the bank. The proposed method is validated by comparing numerical results with results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel. The first-order hydrodynamic derivatives of the ship are analyzed from the time history of lateral force and yaw moment according to the multiple-run simulating procedure and the variations of hydrodynamic derivatives with the ship-sidewall distance are given. The straight line stability and directional stability are also discussed and stable or unstable zone of proportional-derivative (PD) controller parameters for directional stability is shown, which can be a reference for course keeping operation when sailing near a bank.     

管道热屈曲动力过程数值模拟

运输高温高压油气的海底管道会发生整体热屈曲现象。管道热屈曲过程中可能会产生平衡状态的跃迁(snapthrough),且这样的跃迁过程必然会伴随着动力响应。管道热屈曲动力过程中侧向弹出的速度以及轴向缩进的速度对管土相互作用参数的取值有很大影响,然而关于管道热屈曲动力过程的研究却很少。本文给出了数值模拟过程中管道系统阻尼值和升温速率的确定方法,研究了管道初始几何缺陷以及海床参数对管道热屈曲动力过程的影响。     

Numerical simulation of viscous cavitating flow around a ship propeller

In the present study, cavitation and a ship propeller wake are reported by computed fluid dynamics based on viscous multiphase flow theory. Some recent validation results with a hybrid grid based on unsteady Navier-Stokes (N-S) and bubble dynamics equations are presented to predict velocity, pressure and vapor volume fraction in propeller wake in a uniform inflow. Numerical predictions of sheet cavitation, tip vortex cavitation and hub vortex cavitation are in agreement with the experimental data, same as numerical predictions of longitudinal and transversal evolution of the axial velocity. Blade and shaft rate frequency of propeller is well predicted by the computed results of pressure, and tip vortex is the most important to generate the pressure field within the near wake. The overall results indicate that the present approach is reliable for prediction of cavitation and propeller wake on the condition of uniform inflow.     

不规则波下船舶运动响应特征数值分析

针对不规则波浪作用下Wigley型船的运动响应问题进行了系统的研究,采用统计学方法深入探讨了船舶不规则运动幅值和响应周期的分布规律,并通过傅里叶变换对船舶运动响应进行了频谱特征分析。结果表明,船舶横摇方向与升沉和纵摇方向随机运动的响应特征有显著差异。在升沉与纵摇方向,波浪谱峰频率远离自振频率,前十分之一大振幅运动对应周期离散性较小,基本稳定在波浪谱峰周期附近,但小振幅运动周期分布离散性较大,频谱分析指出船舶升沉与纵摇运动响应频谱在波浪谱峰频率附近出现明显峰值。而在横摇方向,波浪谱峰频率与自振频率相耦合,不同振幅的横摇运动响应周期均稳定在自振周期附近,且周期离散性较小,频谱分析也表明横摇运动响应频谱主要集中于船舶运动自振频率附近。     

台风海况下半潜式钻井平台动力性能监测与分析

半潜式钻井平台在海洋油气资源开发中发挥着重要作用,目前主要采用模型试验和数值模拟方法对其动力性能进行研究,非常缺乏台风等极端海况下半潜式平台动力响应的实海域监测数据。以某半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,构建了一套比较完善的平台动力性能监测系统,并对台风“杜苏芮”过境阶段的监测数据进行了分析。根据平台艏部气隙及运动监测数据推算了平台吃水及环境波高;采用随机波浪的统计分析方法,计算得到短期海况的有效波高、谱峰周期、能量谱等信息,通过与多种典型海浪谱对比发现Jonswap谱与所测波谱吻合较好;对平台的横摇、纵摇及垂荡运动进行了时域统计分析和频域谱分析,得到了台风海况下被测平台波频运动的实际响应特征,对于指导平台抗台作业具有重要意义。     

Application of the extended Melnikov's method for single-degree-of-freedom vessel roll motion

Traditionally, when using Melnikov's method to analyze ship motions, the damping terms are treated as small. This is typically true for roll motion but not always true for other and/or multiple degrees of freedom. In order to apply Melnikov's method to other and/or multiple-degree-of-freedom motions, the small damping assumption must be addressed. In this paper, the extended Melnikov method is used to analyze ship motion without the constraint of small linear damping. Two roll motion models are analyzed here. One is a simple roll model with nonlinear damping and cubic restoring moment. The other is the model with biased restoring moment. Numerical simulations are investigated for both models. The effectiveness and accuracy of this method is demonstrated.     

Theoretical and experimental study on dynamic behavior of a damaged ship in waves

Most of the large scaled casualties are caused by loss of structural strength and stability due to the progressive flooding and the effect of waves and wind. To prevent foundering and structural failure, it is necessary to predict the motion of the damaged ship in waves.This paper describes the motion of damaged ship in waves resulting from a theoretical and experimental study. A time domain theoretical model, which can be applied to any type of ship or arrangement, for the prediction of damaged ship motion and accidental flooding has been developed considering the effects of flooding of compartments. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, model tests are carried out in ship motion basin for three different damaged conditions: engine room bottom damage, side shell damage and bow visor damage of Ro–Ro ship in regular and irregular waves with different wave heights and directions.     

波浪作用下缆船拖带系统非线性运动数值模拟

基于船舶操纵性运动方程和拖缆的三维动力学运动方程,提出了被拖点位置匹配的方法,建立了拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统整体非线性拖带动力学模型。为了考察被拖船航向稳定性与横向稳性的关系以及波浪载荷作用的影响,被拖船采用水平面四自由度运动方程,并引入了波浪的作用力和力矩。拖船采用PD控制方法较真实地模拟了拖船航向改变的运动过程。对一个拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统(5 000 t的拖船和3 000 t的被拖船)在时域内进行了规则波浪作用下拖带运动的模拟,计算结果表明被拖带船舶在波浪中运动呈现运动稳定、不稳定和临界状态3种可能的特性。根据模拟计算结果,认为波浪中拖带航向稳定是被拖带船舶保持稳性的必要条件。     

On the development of ship anti-roll tanks

This paper reviews the development of ship anti-roll tanks from the 1880s to the present day including their modelling and control strategies. Mention is also made of other ship roll stabilization systems and the application of the technology to stabilization of other structures. The potential for the use of roll stabilization tanks on modern, high speed multi-hull craft which also have a low speed operational requirement is also discussed.     

Longitudinal stability and dynamic motions of a small passenger WIG craft

The longitudinal stability characteristics of a Wing-In-Ground (WIG) effect craft are quite different from those of the conventional airplane due to the existence of force and moment derivatives with regard to height. These stability characteristics play an important role in designing a safe and efficient WIG due to its potential danger in sea surface proximity. The static and dynamic stability criteria are derived from the motion equations of WIG in the framework of small disturbance theory and discussed in this paper. The static and dynamic stability analyses of a 20-passenger WIG are conducted based on wind tunnel test data, and dynamic motion behaviors are investigated for changes in design parameters. Finally, the flying quality of the 20-passenger WIG is analyzed at cruising conditions according to the military regulations.     

水平循环荷载作用下单桩动力特性的数值模拟

采用修正的p-y曲线方法，分析了桩基础振动过程中桩土之间由于土体塑性变形导致的桩土脱开现象，给出了计算桩土脱开现象的数值模拟方法，并据此分析计算了中国渤海湾JZ20－2MUQ平台的桩基础动力特性，得到了桩基础振动过程中桩土脱开的区域，分析了桩土之间的脱开对桩基础动力响应的影响等问题。     

不同波长下KCS船运动响应与波浪增阻数值研究

准确预报船舶在波浪中的运动和力可以为船舶性能评估提供参考。采用naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器,数值模拟固定和放开垂荡、纵摇自由度的KCS船在不同波长的迎浪规则波中的运动。首先运用数值造波方法生成不同波浪周期的Stokes一阶深水规则波,与Stokes波的理论值对比确保造波的准确性;然后计算固定或放开垂荡和纵摇自由度的KCS船在0.65 ≤ λ/L（波长/船长）≤1.95的遭遇波中的运动和阻力,研究KCS船的波浪增阻中绕射和辐射成分,且采用傅里叶分析法研究了运动与阻力的线性和非线性成分分布。结果表明,波浪绕射增阻受波长的影响不大,当波长接近船长时,船舶的垂荡和纵摇幅值以及波浪增阻均达到峰值,这主要由船体剧烈运动引起的辐射增阻导致,应避免船舶在此工况下航行。     

基于EOF分析中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场的海洋环境

根据近10 a ECMWF的数值预报资料,主要分析了中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场四季和全年的海表温度、海面风场、有效波高的空间分布,利用经验正交方法(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF)和经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)分析了空间和时间变化特性。研究表明:海表温度、海面风场、有效波高的四季及全年时空分布有着显著的变化;海表温度的第一、第二、第三模态方差贡献率分别为62.59%、10.98%和6.7%,具有0.5 a、1 a和3 a的周期变化;海面风场的第一、第二、第三模态方差贡献率分别为40.29%、18.39%和9.36%,具有0.2~0.25 a、0.5 a和1 a的周期变化;有效波高的第一、第二、第三模态方差贡献率分别为44.17%、17.35%和10.96%,具有0.2~0.3 a、0.5~1 a和1 a的周期变化。     

Stability of small fishing vessels in longitudinal waves

The dynamic stability of fishing vessels in longitudinal regular waves is investigated, both analytically and experimentally. In particular, the influence of stern shape on the parametric stability of fishing vessels is studied. Vessels TS and RS have very similar main characteristics, but their sterns are different. Although their linear responses are comparable, both analytical and experimental investigations indicate substantial differences in their dynamic stability in longitudinal regular waves. Strong resonances are found for the vessel with the deep transom. The analytical method takes into consideration the effects of the heave and pitch motions and wave passage and shows good agreement with experimental results. Stability limits are obtained for different conditions and are used as an aid in the discussion of the results obtained in the tests when relevant parameters are changed, such as wave amplitude and frequency, metacentric height and roll damping moment.     

舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进数值模拟

台风会引起风暴增水和强浪。围填海工程建于软土地基上,海堤易产生不规则沉降,在台风引起的强浪作用下有可能发生溃堤,海水在高水位下大量涌入围区,引发灾难。针对溃坝的急变流特性,基于Delft3D Open Source,采用一种基于经典交错网格的改进型数值方法(其水流扩展流动数值近似算法符合动量守恒,而水流收缩流动数值近似则满足伯努利方程),建立了舟山东港新城溃堤洪水演进模型,并计算了最大可能风暴增水条件下溃堤洪水在东港新城的演进过程。结果表明,围区内的地形形势对洪水的演进及最终分布起了决定性作用,当溃口出现在不同位置时,影响范围和程度不一样。东港南部由于地势较低,且没有大型的吸纳洪水的人工湖,当附近出现50 m宽的溃口时,近乎整个南部区域都会受到海水的影响;而北部由于地势相对较高,影响有限。     

埕北海域底质沉积物粒度分布特征及其动力环境意义

通过分析181个埕北海域底质沉积物样品的粒度资料,并应用Flemming三角图示法对研究区进行沉积动力环境分区,结果表明:研究区底质沉积物主要为粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂和黏土质粉砂4种类型,整体上由岸向海粒度呈现细-粗-细的分布特征,且呈条带状与岸线平行;粒度相对较粗,粒径频率曲线多以单峰为主,分选中等偏差,多为正偏;沉积动力环境分区表明该海域沉积物多以悬浮和跃移为主;粒度特征和沉积动力强度以6 m和12 m等深线为轴对称分布,12 m水深等值线两侧沉积物的分布类型和运移趋势主要受季节的风浪变化控制,6 m水深等值线两侧沉积物分布和运移趋势主要受波浪破碎的紊流作用控制。