铂-钯区域地球化学勘查

以Pt、Pd作为直接指示元素，利用1：20万全国区域化探扫面水系沉积物测量副样和全国超低密度泛滥平原沉积物测量样品，采用化学光谱法测定Pt、Pd和Au三种元素，进行了中国大陆超低密度Pt、Pd地球化学填图，在川滇等地球化学省开展了1：20万Pt、Pd区域化探，发现中国大陆存在几个重要的Pt、Pd地球化学省和一些区域异常。中国大陆Pt、Pd丰度低：Pt0.42ng/g,Pd0.35ng/g，呈不均匀分布。在活动带Pt、Pd有显著富集。川滇是一个重要的铂族元素成矿省，除镁铁-超镁铁岩及在关的铂族元素矿化外，在黑色岩系以及西南暗色岩系等岩层中Pt、Pd等显著富集，并且发现了非传统类型的铂族矿化。     

中国油气化探的近期进展和发展方向

近10多年来,中国油气化探理念发生了重要转变,并取得了重大进展。开展了油气化探异常类型及成因机理研究,进行了烃类垂向微渗漏模拟试验,提出了“气相压驱裂隙渗透”理论;在酸解烃、蚀变碳酸盐、荧光、紫外等传统方法的基础上,开发了热释烃、高效液相色谱芳烃、物理吸附气、微生物专性烃菌等新方法;进行了非常规油气资源,尤其是天然气水合物、无机成因气的油气化探应用研究;开展了复杂地表区如沙漠、戈壁、黄土塬、山区等化探技术方法的研究;进行了雪样地球化学方法试验;海上化探蓬勃发展,尤其在南海、东海、黄海、渤海和台湾海峡开展了大量油气化探工作;研发了新的数据处理和解释评价技术,如决策分析、分形几何、人工神经网络等得到应用,建立了中国主要含油气盆地油气化探数据库。在总结经验的基础上,对油气化探的发展方向提出了一些见解。     

多目标区域地球化学调查:分析测试面临的机遇和挑战

文章简要地回顾了多目标区域地球化学调查与生态地球化学评价的发展历史,以及近年来多目标区域地球化学调查样品测试方法及质量监控方面取得的主要成就。指出随着生态地球化学评价逐渐成为研究的重点和核心,作为关键支撑技术的分析测试面临重大机遇和挑战:一是要求分析测试具有更高的准确度和精密度,以满足区域地球化学编图、环境监测及变化研究的需要,建议以现有54项指标分析测试方法及质量监控体系为基础,进一步提高某些介质及测试指标的分析测试水平;二是要求开发形成能满足多介质分析、多指标测定、经济有效的一整套分析测试方法体系,以适应生态地球化学评价的需要。     

因子计量模型法在区域地球化学勘查中的应用

因子分析结果受样品数量的影响，同一件样品的因子计量也随之发生变化，使传统因子计量方法在地球化学数据处理中的应用受到一定的限制。因子计量模型法综合了因子计量的优点和利用模型找矿的思路，通过选定的某一典型地质单元计算因子计量系数矩阵，建立因子计量模型，用模型类比未知区。该方法使因子计量图的地球化学意义更加明确，并且可节省重新处理数据的工作量。因子计量模型方法和传统因子计量方法应用于某地区1：20万水系沉积物地球化学数据处理，因子计量模型法得出的地球化学异常规律性更为明显，更好地反映了区域地质构造与异常的关联性，有利于异常的解释和评价。     

Pattern recognition in geochemical hydrocarbon exploration: A fuzzy approach

For the Swedish Deep Gas Project some 240 soil samples were collected and analyzed for trace metals and C. The data were determined to not be sufficient as anomalous patterns obtained were merely reflecting underlying crystalline or Palaeozoic bedrock. Any possible patterns related to a deep-seated gas source were completely swamped; in addition, glacial transport also presented a problem in interpretation. Therefore, the ARIADNE method was applied to the data set. ARIADNE is a pattern recognition system designed for use in a variety of exploration applications, ranging from geochemical regional surveys to detailed geophysical well logging. The system's core is a fuzzy classifier that can work both on differences in location and dispersion in variable space, either combined or separately. For unsupervised classification, a preprocessor, called NARCISSOS, is used, which, by using fuzzy principal components analysis, extracts a robust background and an appropriate number of anomalous populations. Mean vectors and covariance matrices of all populations are submitted to the ARIADNE classifier. By taking advantage of different patterns emerging by using mean vectors or variance-covariance matrices when classifying in the variable space, the relative influence of transport (e.g., glacial transport) can be estimated and probable source areas also can be established. When ARIADNE was applied to the Deep Gas Project data, two anomalous populations emerged. One was strongly tied, both geographically and chemically, to the Palaeozoic ring structure circumscribing the target area, and the background reflected general chemical features of granitic bedrocks inside and outside of that structure. The second anomaly, however, was not related to any bedrock composition, but rather to structural phenomena in the bedrock. It did not show any signs of glacial dispersions, as the other anomalous group did, and its chemical signture was more or less in concordance with what is found over oil or gas fields in other more traditional environments.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.     

新疆祁漫塔格东段区域化探及其找矿效果

新疆东昆仑祁漫塔格东段区域化探成果显示,在该区近地表地质体中,Na2O?K2O?Sn?W?Bi?Be?U?Al2O3?Ba?SiO2?Pb?Th等元素相对富集,主成矿元素为W?Au?Bi?Sn?Nb?Pb?F等,经异常查证先后发现了白干湖钨锡矿?蟠龙峰铁多金属矿?维宝铅锌矿等;在本区以W?Sn 等为代表的高温元素的成矿作用与华力西期和加里东期岩浆侵入活动关系密切,印支期中酸性岩浆的侵入与区内Cu?Pb?Zn?Mo等中—高温元素的成矿作用具有较密切的关系,层控改造型Pb?Zn 矿床与蓟县系狼牙山组碳酸盐岩-细碎屑岩建造有关,而Au元素的成矿作用则与燕山期的岩浆活动有关?     

综合物化探方法在沽源县西湾地区铀矿勘查中的应用

采用地面伽马能谱测量、土壤地球化学剖面测量及音频大地电磁测量等物化探方法,在沽源县西湾浅覆盖地区开展铀矿勘查工作。浅表通过地面伽马能谱及土壤地球化学剖面测量,探寻铀矿化相关的异常信息;在重点异常地段深部开展音频大地电磁测量,剖析了深部断裂,解释了深部潜流纹岩体形态;结合地质情况,对物化探异常进行综合分析,通过钻探对异常部位进行揭露,发现了隐伏铀矿化异常,为该区进一步找矿指明了方向。     

中国油气化探技术发展历程回顾与前景展望

油气化探（油气地球化学勘探,下同）是在石油地质原理和地球化学理论的基础上发展起来的新学科。中国的油气化探已走过了近60年的发展历程。从初创的艰辛、试验研究的执着、蓬勃发展的生机和蓄势待发4个阶段概括地回顾了油气化探技术发展的历史,展示了中国油气化探技术发展过程中的成就,也留下了可供思考的空间。在分析中国油气资源及勘探现状的基础上,对未来油气化探技术的发展前景进行了讨论。认为,国家能源需求的高速增长,给油气化探技术的可持续性发展带来了机遇;降低成本、提高勘探成功率的市场需求,油气化探的技术优势将重新受到重视;在越来越复杂的勘探对象面前,综合勘探技术的广泛应用必将为化探发挥更大的作用提供广阔的发展空间。     

催化极谱法连续测定化探样品中的钨、钼

本方通过催化极谱法连续测定化探样品中的的钨、钼的试验,研究了测量过程的共存干扰离子的消除、指示剂用量的选择、酸度影响、底液各组分用量等主要影响因素,选择了最佳实验条件．．并确定了钨、钼的质量浓度与电流呈线性关系的范围。在进行回收率、精密度、栓出限试验,均能满足化探找矿的要求,测定结果经国家一级标准物质验证,测定结果与标准值相符。     

Application of Lead Isotopes to Geochemical Exploration of Gold Deposits in Baoban , Hainan Province, China

Lead isotopes have been widely applied in geochemical exploration and evaluation of ore deposits, as well as in ascertaining the age of mineralization and the source of ore fluids.Long-term practice showed that the method of lead isotope targeting is somewhat efficient for macroscopic evaluation of forecasting areas, but not powerful enough for for ecasting concealed orebodies. As the contents of U and the variation of U/Pb ratio sharply decrease with depth in the lithosphere, U-Th-Pb isotopic differentiation must have occurred during the crust-mantle e-volution. Lead isotopic ratios show a wide variation range, varying in the front of mineralizationand shallow-derived ores, but maintaining very stable in the major orebody and being usuallyclose to the average isotopic composition of the crust and mantle of the continent block fromwhich the ores were derived. Therefore, the lead isotopic composition can serve as a measure for identifying the position of mineralization. The lead isotope geochemistry was applied to the ex-ploration and evaluation of the Baoban gold deposits of Hainan Province, China. The an alyticalresults of ore veins and adjacent rocks showed that there is a correlation between the lead isotopedata and the position of orebody. Based on the experience from the Baoban gold deposits and other ore deposits in Yunnan Province, an exploration principle has been established, that is,positive anomalies of lead isotope eigenvectors for prospecting deep-seated orebodies and nega-tive anomalies of eigenvectors for enlarging lateral exploration surrounding the known deposit.The ore beds in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts should be as signed to the deep part of the orebody and those in the Tuwaishan mining district should be the shallow part, so ore beds cor-responding to those in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts may be found in the Tuwaishan min-ing district.