Geochemical data as indicators of environmental change and human impact in sediments derived from downstream marshes of an ephemeral river,Northeast China

Recent sedimentary history of natural environmental change and anthropogenic influence in an ephemeral river catchment has been reconstructed using selected major and trace elements, element ratios, and their different geochemical phases (Tessier sequential extraction methods), pollen, and grain size combined with ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dating method in marsh sedimentary cores. Attempts were made to use selected element ratios with different geochemical phases—residual phase of Ti, Al, V, Cr, Ni, Rb, K, Sr, and Ba; mobile Sr and Ba—combined with ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-chronology to interpret certain time information of environmental changes saved within the marsh sediments. Results indicate that there were two marked humid periods during 1850–1860 ad and 1890–1920 ad, and sand storm activities prevailed during 1920–1930 ad. After about 1900 ad, soil erosion has increased with the extensive agricultural activities in the Huolin River catchments, and further intensified after 1950s. After 1980, soil erosion has become even more intense, which is consistent with the reinforcement of human activities, the drastic loss of vegetation cover in the upstream lands, especially, the exploitation of the open cast coalmine in the upstream of Huolin River at that time. Influenced by the inundation of the Huolin River, the heavy metal pollution historical trends in Xianghai marsh wetland could be roughly divided into three periods by analysis of sediment enrichment factor (K_SEF) and the index of geoaccumulation (I _geo):1760–1880 ad, 1880–1980 ad, and 1980–now. Human activities accelerate the inputs of heavy metal, which leads to degradation of the marsh. This study also investigated on source of marsh sediments (by Ti/Al), redox condition [by V/Cr and V/(V + Ni)], and salinization indicators (by Sr/Ba and Rb/K). The results demonstrate that sources of sediments and redox conditions were partly similar for both riparian and depressional marshes. Besides, some differences in degree of salinization between two types of marsh were also identified, especially after 1880.     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏台庙地区砂岩地球化学环境和常量元素特征及对铀成矿的指示意义北大核心CSCD

为研究砂岩型铀矿与古层间氧化带之间的关系,本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地苏台庙地区直罗组下段上亚段砂岩的地球化学环境和常量元素进行规律总结与讨论。将古层间氧化带进一步细分为古氧化残留带、二次还原带、叠置带和原生带等4个亚带,总结了各亚带地球化学环境指标特征,揭示了各亚带常量元素的演化规律,其中Si、Al、Fe和Ca活动性较强,Na、Mg和Ti活动性其次,而K、Mn和P较稳定。研究认为,该地区砂岩依次经历了成岩作用、古氧化作用、主成矿期铀成矿作用、二次还原作用和叠加铀成矿作用等,且未曾经历大幅沉降和显著构造热事件。研究区铀成矿作用与还原介质和Ca含量关系最密切,其次是Si、Fe、Ti,铀矿勘查应以叠置亚带为重点,兼顾二次还原亚带。     

山东黄河下游区土壤微量元素地质背景与人为叠加影响的识别方法

准确识别土壤异常元素的成因和来源,识剐其地质背景来源与人为污染的叠加量,可以为土壤污染评价与地球化学预警提供重要依据.利用山东省黄河沿岸土壤剖面的测量资料,根据土壤常量组分对微量元素含量具有决定性制约作用的特点,建立了利用土壤常量组分含量预测微量元素背景含量的数学方法,依据实测值和预测理论值可以定量地评价土壤人为叠加量,是评价土壤污染程度的途径之一.     

山东黄河下游区土壤微量元素地质背景与人为叠加影响的识别方法

准确识别土壤异常元素的成因和来源,识别其地质背景来源与人为污染的叠加量,可以为土壤污染评价与地球化学预警提供重要依据。利用山东省黄河沿岸土壤剖面的测量资料,根据土壤常量组分对微量元素含量具有决定性制约作用的特点,建立了利用土壤常量组分含量预测微量元素背景含量的数学方法,依据实测值和预测理论值可以定量地评价土壤人为叠加量,是评价土壤污染程度的途径之一。     

山东黄河下游区土壤微量元素地质背景与人为叠加影响的识别方法

准确识别土壤异常元素的成因和来源,识别其地质背景来源与人为污染的叠加量,可以为土壤污染评价与地球化学预警提供重要依据。利用山东省黄河沿岸土壤剖面的测量资料,根据土壤常量组分对微量元素含量具有决定性制约作用的特点,建立了利用土壤常量组分含量预测微量元素背景含量的数学方法,依据实测值和预测理论值可以定量地评价土壤人为叠加量,是评价土壤污染程度的途径之一。     

佛山西樵山及邻近地区MIS5a红土中主量元素含量特征及其古气候意义

本文主要对广东佛山西樵和邻近的粤东北的临江地层剖面MIS5a网纹红土的主量元素含量进行了研究。结果表明,这两个剖面MIS5a红土的SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TOFE（Fe 2 O 3 +FeO）含量、硅铝率n (SiO2) / n (Al2O3) 和化学蚀变指数 CIA 值与我国中亚热带和南亚热带红土都有明显的差异,而与热带地区——海南岛和雷州半岛红土中相应的地球化学指标比较接近。此前,在研究区碧寿洞和罗沙岩洞穴发现的MIS5a大熊猫—剑齿象动物化石群中,都含有热带动物成员——长臂猿（ Hylobates sp.）、犀（ Rhinoceros sp.）、中国犀（ Rhinoceros sinensis ）、华南巨獏（ Megatapirus cf. angustus ）和亚洲象（ Elephas sp.）。据此提出,西樵山和邻近地区MIS5a网纹红土代表了热带气候环境;MIS5a期间南岭以南广东境内的生物气候带属于边缘热带范围。     

矿物成分、特征地球化学组分对水在滑带形成中作用的指示意义:以三峡库区大型滑坡为例

弄清滑坡滑带抗剪强度降低的根本原因是滑坡形成机理研究和滑坡活动趋势预测的主要内容之一。水是滑带形成过程中导致其抗剪强度衰减的最活跃因素之一。三峡库区两个大型滑坡实例分析显示,滑带及其周围岩土矿物成分、地球化学成分的变化特征指示滑带形成与水-岩(土)物理、化学作用的方式及作用程度,从而证实矿物学、地球化学研究方法和理论是揭示滑带抗剪强度降低内在机理的有效途径之一。三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I#崩滑体和泄滩滑坡滑带土及其周围岩土矿物学、主量化学元素的含量变化特征指示:前者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水因大气降水补给、地下水的氧化作用活跃,导致滑带土抗剪强度减低,其主要原因是其中泥灰岩碎屑的水解泥化作用、方解石溶解作用和伊利石向伊-蒙混层矿物的转化作用;后者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水与外界水力联系较差、地下水的还原作用强烈,滑带部位长石化学风化、次生粘土矿物增多,可知由伊利石转化的伊-蒙混层矿物增多是导致滑带土抗剪强度衰减的主要原因。