鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组第六段高分辨率层序—岩相古地理

姬塬地区处于鄂尔多斯盆地西部地区,晚三叠世延长期该地区处在北部的安边三角洲与西部的环县三角洲交汇部位。以高分辨率层序分析为指导思想,通过钻井岩芯、测井资料和地震等资料,分析该地区延长组长油层组多级次基准面旋回界面和湖泛面的成因类型及高分辨率层序地层学特征,将长6段河控三角洲沉积划分为1个长期、3个中期、10个短期和20个超短期旋回层序,比较了各级次层序的结构类型、叠加样式和分布模式,建立了等时地层对比格架,分析了砂岩在层序地层格架中的发育状况,编制了短期、超短期旋回相域的层序—岩相古地理图,描述了不同时期三角洲砂体的展布特征,对有利储层发育层位和区带进行了预测。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区二叠系山西组高分辨率层序地层学研究

运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,详细分析了鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区二叠系山西组地层沉积的基准面旋回特征,共识别出了2个长期旋回、4个中期旋回和8～12个短期旋回,并得出了两类可容空间的短期旋回识别特征。对不同井基准面旋回联井分析得出,储集层段多发育于短期基准面上升半旋回的水下分流河道、河口坝和浊流沉积砂体中,且砂体与前三角洲泥呈指状交叉,形成岩性油气藏。建立的研究区高分辨率层序地层格架对进一步的油气勘探具有指导性的意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长8—长7油层组高分辨率层序地层格架及其地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长8—长7油层组位于延长组中下部,代表湖盆最大扩张期,主要属于湖成三角洲相。运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,详细分析了鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长8—长7油层组地层沉积的基准面旋回特征,识别出1个长期旋回、3个中期旋回(MSC3、MSC4、MSC5)和15~25个短期旋回,分析得出长8油层组为三角洲环境,到长7油层组则演变为半深—深湖环境。3个中期旋回当中,MSC3、MSC4是以上升半旋回为主的不对称旋回,并在MSC4上升半旋回顶部形成盆地最大湖泛面,MSC5以下降半旋回为主的不对称旋回,发育浊积扇。对不同井基准面旋回的分析得出:储集层段多发育于短期基准面上升半旋回的水下分流河道、河口坝和浊流沉积砂体中,且砂体与前三角洲泥构成的烃源岩相匹配,形成岩性油气藏。运用高分辨率层序地层学原理建立地层格架对指导鄂尔多斯盆地延长组油气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖—黄岩地区花港组上二亚段高分辨率层序地层分析

以钻井岩芯、测井及地震等资料为基础,对东海盆地西湖凹陷花港组上二亚段进行高分辨率层序地层学研究。依据层序界面将目的层划分为1个长期、4个中期及若干个短期旋回。以长期旋回建立层序格架,以中期旋回为等时对比单元,分析研究上二亚段沉积演化规律。在此基础上,以中期旋回为编图单元,绘制上二亚段层序—岩相古地理图,揭示MSC1期为三角洲发育初期,MSC2、MSC3、MSC4为三角洲高度建设期,发育大型分流河道及水下分流河道、水下天然堤、河口坝、远砂坝,是研究区有利勘探目标,通过对上二亚段层序格架内砂体展布和岩相古地理研究对下一步油气勘探具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8油层组高分辨率层序分析

以高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,利用钻井岩芯、测井和岩矿分析等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长8油层组进行沉积相和基准面旋回划分,将其确定为浅水三角洲沉积体系,划分为2个中期（MSC1和MSC2）和6个短期（SSC1～SSC6）基准面旋回。研究表明:长82沉积期研究区主要为湖域扩大的三角洲前缘及前三角洲沉积环境;长81沉积期,研究区主要为三角洲平原沉积环境;分析了不同级别的基准面旋回叠加式样与沉积相展布、演化规律之间的关系,并与正常沉积的三角洲层序发育特征进行了对比。在此基础上,以短期旋回为单元,建立了高分辨率层序地层格架和编制了长81和长82的层序—岩相古地理图,得出相对正常的三角洲而言,浅水三角洲沉积体系具有A/S（可容纳空间/沉积物补给）较小、河口坝不发育、有利储层发育的微相为长距离延伸的分流河道砂体和分流河道砂体主要发育在短期上升半旋回的结论。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部山西组高分辨层序地层学研究

依据4个露头剖面、35口井的岩心和302口井的测井资料，按照基准面旋回的原理对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部山西组进行了高分辨率层序地层划分。作为晚古生代长期基准面下降旋回的组成部分，山西组构成一个中期基准面旋回(MSC2)，自下而上划分为五个短期旋回(SSC1、SSC2、SSC3、SSC4、SSC5)；探讨了各短期旋回的层序结构、叠加样式和空间变化；建立了研究区山西组高分辨率层序地层对比格架。通过对基准面旋回期间体积分配和相分异的分析，讨论了短期基准面旋回过程中有利储集砂体的沉积相类型和控制因素；指出中期基准面旋回的早期的短期基准面上升半旋回形成最有利储集砂体，沉积微相为三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道。应用单因素综合作图法，研究了储集砂体的空间展布。     

阜东斜坡区侏罗系齐古组高分辨层序岩相古地理研究

准噶尔盆地东部阜康凹陷东部斜坡区上侏罗统齐古组是重要勘探层系,被认为是该区岩性地层油气藏勘探的有利接替对象。以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,利用露头、钻井岩心、测井及地震资料对准东阜东斜坡区齐古组进行了高分辨率层序地层研究,划分出1个长期、3个中期及8个短期旋回层序。其中的中期旋回包含有3种基本旋回结构,有利储集体发育的砂体往往出现在旋回初期。短期旋回包含有5种基本旋回结构。在高分辨率等时地层格架内,对相当中期旋回层序的3个岩性段进行层序岩相古地理特征描述,认为岩相古地理演化主要受构造运动影响,具有三角洲前缘亚相分布范围逐渐变小、而三角洲平原亚相分布范围逐渐扩大的进积特点,以三角洲平原亚相向前缘亚相延伸的分流河道为有利储层发育的沉积微相。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长北气田山西组2 段高分辨率层序构型与砂体预测

以钻井测井、岩芯描述和样品分析为基础,高分辨率层序分析为技术方法对鄂尔多斯盆地长北气田山西组2段进行了精细的沉积相和层序分析,将山2段确定为海相辫状河三角洲沉积体系,并将其划分为1个长期、2个中期、4个短期和9个超短期基准面旋回层序和2大类5种基准面旋回结构类型。分析了不同级别基准面旋回层序的叠加式样与砂体展布和演化规律,建立了以中期基准面升、降半旋回相域为等时地层单元的山2段地层格架和对单砂层进行了等时追踪对比,确定中期上升期是三角洲河道砂体连续叠置形成巨厚砂体的最有利时期,洪泛期为细粒沉积物沉积期,也是隔层和局域性盖层主要发育期,下降期受侵蚀影响河道砂体不发育。以高分辨率层序分析为基础,建立等时地层格架为约束条件,结合单砂体为等时地层单元编制砂岩等厚图、砂/泥比等值线图和沉积微相图,对长北气田山2段砂体分布开展序贯指示三维模拟和预测,为长北气田山2段气藏高效开发提供依据。     

三级基准面旋回内三角洲砂体骨架模型的建立——以陕北安塞三角洲露头为例

角洲砂体是中国陆相盆地最重要的油气储集层之一,建立层序地层格架内三角洲砂体骨架露头地质模型,对于三角洲砂体分布预测有重要意义。对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘多个延长组曲流河三角洲露头剖面开展了深入的高分辨率层序地层学研究,正确识别出以长61下部下切河谷底面以及对应整合面为界面的三级基准面旋回,构建了三级基准面旋回格架内三角洲砂体骨架原型模型,建立了三级基准面旋回内三角洲平原分流河道(河流)样式响应模式图。该项研究表明,三级基准面旋回过程中,不同基准面升降速率下分流河道发生规律性的下切、充填、迁移、漫溢及河型改变,控制了层序地层格架内三角洲砂体的类型、形态、规模和连通性。这对于认识三角洲砂体的分布规律,分析三角洲砂体形成岩性地层圈闭的条件有重要帮助。深入开展多种地质背景下层序格架内三角洲砂体分布规律研究,有助于实现三角洲砂体分布“成因上可解释、时空上可预测”的层序地层学研究目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中山川地区延长组长2高分辨率层序地层学分析

基于中山川地区的区域地质、沉积相和测井资料,以Cross高分辨率层序地层学理论及其方法为指导,采用多级旋回层序划分方案,结合测井相分析,把研究区长2段划分为中期、短期和超长期3个级次的基准面旋回层序。各级次的基准面旋回又可进一步分为向上"变深"的非对称型和对称型。阐述研究区超短期基准面旋回层序的沉积背景、叠加样式等,并以短期基准面旋回层序作为等时对比单元,建立起长2段高分辨率等时地层格架,为本区砂体演化及展布规律的认识和进一步的勘探开发提供依据。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.