四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件

碳酸盐岩缝洞储集层具有总孔隙度低和渗滤能力特高的储渗特性,它和致密岩块分别构成流体的储渗空间和屏障。其气藏圈闭类型特殊,规模大小相差悬殊,形状极不规则,隐蔽性强,分布规律复杂,严格受构造变形、变位形成的裂缝分布规律制约。缝洞系统渗储空间和渗滤屏障的形成经历了沉积、成岩、成岩后生变化(充填与溶蚀)和构造变形等复杂演化过程,聚气缝洞系统的形成主要受喜马拉雅期构造变形和深埋藏岩溶作用制约。构造缝可划分为区域构造缝和局部构造缝两类,后者又分为与褶皱作用和断层作用有关的两个亚类。共划分出十三种构造缝,它们的分布因背斜、断层类型不同,其组合形式与配置关系均有所差异。建立了不同类型背斜及其构造部位的裂缝模式,并用实验室物理模拟再现了其形成机制。裂缝圈闭气藏的成藏模式有原生和次生两种,其保存条件要求有巨厚的盖层作为天然气扩散和渗透的屏障。天然气沿断层的逸散及断层的规模是决定是否存在原生气藏或形成次生气藏抑或使气藏破坏殆尽的重要因素。     

四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件

碳酸盐岩缝洞储集层具有总孔隙度低和渗滤能力特高的储渗特性,它和致密岩块分别构成流体的储渗空间和屏障。其气藏圈闭类型特殊,规模大小相差悬殊,形状极不规则,隐蔽性强,分布规律复杂,严格受构造变形、变位形成的裂缝分布规律制约。缝洞系统渗储空间和渗滤屏障的形成经历了沉积、成岩、成岩后生变化(充填与溶蚀)和构造变形等复杂演化过程,聚气缝洞系统的形成主要受喜马拉雅期构造变形和深埋藏岩溶作用制约。构造缝可划分为区域构造缝和局部构造缝两类,后者又分为与褶皱作用和断层作用有关的两个亚类。共划分出十三种构造缝,它们的分布因背斜、断层类型不同,其组合形式与配置关系均有所差异。建立了不同类型背斜及其构造部位的裂缝模式,并用实验室物理模拟再现了其形成机制。裂缝圈闭气藏的成藏模式有原生和次生两种,其保存条件要求有巨厚的盖层作为天然气扩散和渗透的屏障。天然气沿断层的逸散及断层的规模是决定是否存在原生气藏或形成次生气藏抑或使气藏破坏殆尽的重要因素。     

四川盆地元坝二叠系长兴组气藏气水分布特征及水侵早期识别

探讨四川盆地元坝二叠系长兴组气藏气水分布特征及水侵早期识别,可为下一步开发部署指明方向,为气藏稳产提供实用方法。通过动态跟踪气井流体变化特征,结合静态地质特征,明确气藏气水分布特征及控制因素,在此基础上根据产水气井出水类型,建立基于生产数据及产出液化学特征的水侵早期识别模式。研究认为:元坝长兴组气藏气井产出液中凝析水与地层水并存,总矿化度与日产水量、日水气比均呈指数正相关关系。游离气与溶解气并存,随着水侵程度增加,CH4含量降低、H2S含量增加。(3)、(4)号礁带以游离气为主,古油藏应该位于此或范围更小;(1)、(2)号礁带及礁滩叠合区为气水过渡带,局部构造及储层非均质性调整气水分布。裂缝发育程度控制气井产水速度,水产量的上升与多条裂缝逐渐被突破而沟通周边水体相关;元坝长兴组储层裂缝欠发育,气井出水生产类型以线性型为主,存在水侵预警期;对裂缝发育、出水生产类型为多次方型的气井,应加强监控,开展合理配产分析,延长无水采气时间。构造高部位或构造相对低部位裂缝欠发育的礁滩发育区为开发部署首选目标。建立的水侵早期识别模式可推广应用。     

子洲气田山2气藏气井产水成因研究

在岩性气藏开发过程中,气井产水存在多种类型,气水分布在纵向和横向上都相对复杂.以子洲气田山 2 气藏为例,根据试气、测井和生产动态资料,将气井产水划分为纯水层、致密水层和气层产水 3 种类型,每种类型都受成藏环境、构造条件、储层岩性与物性等方面控制.除正常边底水类型的纯水层外,在岩性气藏部分井区中,由于储层条件变差,气体驱替能量不足,造成孔隙中水未受到天然气的大规模排驱而残留了大量地层水;形成致密水层和气层产微量地层水.     

苏西盒8气藏气井产水成因剖析

在岩性气藏开发过程中,气井产水存在多种类型,气水分布在纵向和横向上都相对复杂。根据试气、测井和生产动态资料,将苏西盒8气藏气井产水划分为纯水层、致密水层和气层产水三种类型,分析认为主要受构造条件,砂体分布,成藏环境,储层岩性与物性方面控制。除局部边底水类型的纯水层外,在盒8气藏部份井区中,孔隙中残留了大量地层水的主要原因是由于储层条件变差,气体驱替能量不足以使水大规模排驱而造成的,进而形成致密产水层和气层产少量水。     

元坝气田长兴组礁滩相气藏复杂气水关系成因

元坝气田以上二叠统长兴组礁滩隐蔽性岩性气藏为主。元坝西北部整体含气性较好,气产量高,但东部和南部气水关系复杂,多个圈闭见水,气产量多为中低产。不同岩性的气藏,其气水界面与气藏高度变化较大。通过地质、测井、物探的联合分析认为,优质储层的形成分布特征、成藏富集的规律特点、裂缝与构造的良好匹配是控制复杂气水关系的主要因素。分析表明,元坝西北部的礁带是最有利的勘探区。这一分析结果与高产富集带的预测、含气性的检测及测试结果具有高度的吻合性。     

贵州赤水地区油气成藏特征及勘探潜力分析

赤水地区具有较大的勘探资源潜力,总资源量3400×108m3,圈闭资源量2157.34×108m3,探明储量仅占圈闭资源量的2.1%;赋存海相、陆相两大油气系统及原生型、次生型、残存型、复合型等多种子油气系统;储集层非均质性极强,气藏富集规模及分布受沉积微相、溶蚀作用、成岩作用和构造圈闭因素的影响外,更主要是裂缝系统对油气富集成藏及油气藏规模、展布起主导作用;茅口组是赤水地区油气勘探的主体气藏,提出"以加强裂缝性储层预测为重点,以致力寻找孔缝洞大型储渗系统为核心,以钻探官渡构造带茅口组缝洞系统获规模气藏为突破口,解决赤水气田产能瓶颈问题,实现官渡构造海相领域油气勘探的突破和赤水气田新的储量接替"都具有积极的、现实的重大意义。     

中国海相油气田勘探实例之八四川盆地磨溪气田嘉二气藏的勘探与发现

磨溪气田位于四川盆地川中古隆中斜平缓构造带南部,其嘉二气藏为一中型海相气藏,含气面积为179.45km2,主力产层为三叠系嘉陵江组嘉二2亚段。气藏勘探始于1979年,于2004年勘探取得突破,至2005年底探明地质储量为326.59×108m3,年产天然气4×108m3。气藏储层为局限海—蒸发海台地碳酸盐岩微相,储层的发育分布主要受沉积作用和成岩作用控制,气藏类型为岩性—构造复合圈闭,气藏气水关系复杂。论述了气藏的发现和勘探开发历程及气藏的基本地质特征,总结了取得勘探突破的实践、认识与启示。     

四川盆地川南地区复合型气田成藏机制及富集规律

根据川南近４０年的勘探开发实际，经研究认为：川南气田纵向上多产层，横向上多气田。成藏机制受岩相，古隆起，岩溶，盖层条件，构造类型，构造部位，断层类型等因素控制。气藏圈闭类型有岩性圈闭，地层圈闭，断层圈闭和裂缝圈闭等，具有复合型气田特征。天然气富集规律是：二叠系属于缝洞型气藏，天然气富集规律是：二叠系属于缝洞型气藏，天然气主要富集在岩溶发育的，有断层搭配的高点，长轴，肩部等部位，三叠系属于裂缝孔隙型     

川西北部地区中二叠统茅口组岩溶储层特征研究

川西地区中二叠统茅口组在多个构造获得突破,但前期受勘探程度及资料限制,对茅口组储层研究相对较少,这制约了下一步勘探工作,因此开展川西北部茅口组储层特征研究是有必要的。基于此,本文根据钻井、化验分析、地震等资料,结合动静态资料重新评价茅口组储集类型,取得了以下三点认识:①川西北部地区中二叠统茅口组储集岩类主要为亮晶生物(屑)灰岩、粒屑灰岩、含生屑泥晶灰岩、白云岩、白云质(豹斑)灰岩。具有孔、洞、缝等多种储集空间,它们在空间上相互有机搭配形成了孔洞缝相结合的储渗空间。②川西北部茅口组气藏并不只是单一的裂缝性气藏,应以裂缝—孔洞型气藏为主,只有找准缝洞系统发育区,才能获得较好储量规模及勘探开发效果。③有利滩相是储层发育的基础,受岩溶作用改造后的有利地貌区是控制储层分布的主要因素。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861