碲硫铋矿(Bi_2TeS_2)在我国的首次发现和研究

碲硫铋矿(Csiklovaite)是一种很少见的矿物。国外报导的产地只有两处:罗马尼亚的锡克洛夫(Csiklov)(首先发现)和匈牙利;但其含量都很低,粒度细小,矿物学研究不够。福建马坑的碲硫铋矿在我国是首次发现,矿石含碲达百万分之几,在选矿产品中碲可富集到千分之几。碲主要呈碲硫铋矿和辉碲铋矿(Tetradymite)存在。     

国内首次发现应硫碲铋矿

应硫碲铋矿(Ingodite)作为新矿物首先由苏联发现并作了报导。去年,我院在江西盘古山钨矿床有关专题研究中,也发现了这一新矿物。仅比苏联晚大约八个月的时间。国内首次发现的应硫碲铋矿产于盘古山钨矿床的Bi_2S_3-PbS系列矿物之中。尽管本矿床的含矿石英脉中发育有一系列的硫盐矿物和碲铋矿族矿物,而且其种类之多、颗粒之大都是其它矿区所少见的。但是,应硫碲铋矿在本矿区的分布并不普遍,仅见于少数的光片中。此矿物与本矿床中较为常见的硫碲铋矿B紧密连生。硫碲铋矿B与本矿中另一较为常见     

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿矿物系列

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿系列发现于西秦岭寒武系拉尔玛、邛莫金矿床中。与其密切共生的矿物有硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒质块硫锑铜矿、硒镍矿、自然金以及石英、重晶石等。辉锑矿–硒锑矿系列的显微压力硬度为101.26~103 kg/mm²。主要元素的质量分数为: Sb 43.78%~73.81%,S 0.00%~28.76%,Se 0.00%~49.72%(但缺乏30.59%~43.04%之间的数据)。根据电子探针分析数据中Se/(S+Se)比值(原子比),可将所测矿物系列划分为(含硒质)辉锑矿、硒质辉锑矿、硫质硒锑矿和(含硫质)硒锑矿。矿物系列代表性的反射率(%)：(470 nm)Rg’=42.62~47.62,Rp’=30.83~40.55;(550 nm)Rg’=41.84~46.75,Rp’=31.48~38.85;(590 nm)Rg’=42.25~46.63,Rp’=30.73~39.46;(650 nm)Rg’=43.30~46.48,Rp’=30.01~41.56。两个含Se量为3%~5%含硒质辉锑矿的晶胞参数值为:a=1.120 9~1.121 2 nm,b=1.1299~1.130 3 nm,c=0.384 7~0.384 9 nm;而硫质硒锑矿、硒锑矿的晶胞参数值分别为：a=1.159 1~1.159 3 nm;b=1.172 4~1.174 7 nm;c=0.394 1~0.398 4 nm。晶胞参数的变化与矿物中硫、硒含量变化密切相关。     

新发现 新观点 新动态

我国发现碲原生矿床这个离四川石棉县安顺场15km的碲矿含碲1～2％,高者达36.6％,矿石矿物主要是辉碲铋矿。单碲(铋)矿的发现为世界罕见。南京发现相当完整的猿人头盖骨这是中科院南京地质古生物所和古脊椎动物与古人类研究所在地方政府部门配合下发现的。据鉴定,不论是头盖骨本身,或者与之共生的动物群面貌,均与北     

广东大宝山铜多金属矿床伴生碲铋矿物特征及其指示意义

铋、碲金属元素作为广东大宝山铜多金属矿床中的两种重要伴生矿化组分,其赋存状态及成因研究较为薄弱。通过野外系统地质采样、详细岩矿鉴定和电子探针成分分析,查明了铋、碲元素在该矿床中主要呈独立矿物赋存于金属硫化物内部、裂隙或边缘,形成的碲铋矿物种类丰富,主要包括自然铋、硫碲铋矿B、叶碲铋矿、辉铋矿、碲银矿、碲铋矿、辉碲铋矿、赫碲铋矿、萨硫碲铋铅矿和应硫碲铋矿等。自然铋的矿物颗粒结晶粗大,形成环境相对稳定,是Bi的主要赋存形式之一,且常常出现自然铋和辉铋矿共存。Bi主要来源于燕山期中酸性岩浆热液和部分围岩中矿化元素的活化,Te的来源与深部岩浆活动或地幔物质有着密切关系。燕山期岩浆热液携带了大量含矿流体上升,当高温热液演化到中温时,Bi、Te金属元素便逐渐富集、沉淀而成矿。     

新矿物—赤路矿的发现和研究

赤路矿(chiluite),是一种含铋、碲、钼、氧的新矿物,化学分子式是Bi_6Te_2Mo_2O_(21)。 赤路矿产在辉铋矿石英脉中,与硫碲铋矿、辉钼矿、钼铋矿共生,常呈羽毛状或不规则粒状,有时可见六边形晶体,粒度一般<30μm,反光显微镜下呈灰色,弱非均质,反射率560nm,R′g 18.10％,R′p 17.15％,透射光下褐色,一轴晶负光性,折光率ω=2.4,ε=2.3,硬度3.2,比重3.65。X射线粉晶分析,赤路矿属六方晶系,主要线条:d_(meas)A(I)(hkl)是3.300(10)(004),3.050(9)(104),2.510(5)(105),2.060(5)(312),1.655(5)(008)。电子探针分析结果,Bi61.66,Te11.19,Mo10.29,O16.06。 在400-900℃条件下合成了赤路矿的同质多象晶体,并进行了红外光谱,差热分析及电子能谱测定元素价态等研究工作。     

我国首次发现硫碲铋铅矿

我们在河北省尚义县大青山金矿开展研究工作时,于矿石中发现了硫碲铋铅矿,这种矿物是七十年代在苏联首先发现的,在我国尚属首次。该矿物以含 S、Pb、Te、Bi 为主,是一种复杂的硫盐矿物。1.地质产状硫碲铋铅矿产于河北省北部尚义县与内蒙兴和县交界处的大青山金矿,矿石及矿物标本采于矿区的开采坑道内。大青山金矿为产于侏罗纪碎屑沉积岩中的石英脉型金矿床,在大地构造位置上位于华北地台北缘内蒙地轴与燕山沉降带的过渡部位。     

四川大水沟独立碲矿床中的楚碲铋矿

四川大水沟碲矿床是世界唯一的独立碲矿床，楚碲铋矿是该矿床中重要的碲矿物之一。它存在于辉碲铋矿和磁黄铁矿晶粒之间，或包裹在辉碲铋矿中。呈银灰色，金属光泽，一组底面解理发育。显微压入硬度为80．5kg／mm2（15g负荷）。反光显微镜下为白色，非均质性清楚，反射率为58．0～59．9（λ=546nm）。X射线粉晶衍射分析的主要谱线有：4．797（60），3．229（100），2．368（80），2．169（50）。矿物的化学组成据11个电子探针分析的平均值为（重量％）；Fe0．13，S0．04，Cu0．03，Te37．84，Bi61．37，Se0．01，Sb0．16；总量99．58，其化学成分式为；BiTe。楚碲铋矿形成于贫硫环境中。     

硫碲铋铅金矿在我国的首次发现和研究

硫碲铋铅金矿（AuPb2BiTe2S3）是1991年国际新矿物及矿物命名委员会（CNMMNIMA）批准的新矿物，产于美国科罗拉多（Colorado）州的巴克霍恩（Buckhoun）矿山。我们于1986年发现了该矿物，但呈报CNMMNIMA晚于美国。我国的硫碲铋铅金矿产于河南灵宝出岔-乱石和桐沟两个石英脉型金矿。该矿物为柱板状晶体，粒径0．03～0．2mm，黑色，一组解理发育，金属光泽。显微硬度为64～129kg／mm2，（负荷10g），反射色为灰色，微带蓝色色调，非均质性明显，无内反射，以等能光源（SE）对R1和R2计算的颜色指数分别为：x0．323，y0．326，Y％42.69，λd480，Pe％0．04；和x0．326，y0．326，Y％43．70，λd476，Pe％0．03。电子探针分析结果为：CU0.02，Au16．96，Ph35．34，Bi15．93，Te20．79，S8．21。化学式为：Au1.03Ph2.04Bi0.91Te1.95S3.06，斜方晶系，a＝0．41，b＝1．25，c＝0．95nm，V＝0．487nm3。理论比重Dx＝7．94。     

Discovery of Bismuth Mineral of the Garqiong Copper-Gold Ore Deposits in Tibet and Its Significance

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏自治区重要的铜金多金属成矿带,东西延伸约2000 km,南北两侧与拉萨地块和羌塘地块相接.随着研究程度的深入,近已发现成矿带中铋的矿化呈带状展布.尕尔穷是该成矿带中重要的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,笔者通过野外地质调查采样、显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和能谱成分分析,在矿石中首次发现铋的独立矿物——辉铋矿,这也是班公湖-怒江成矿带中首次发现的重要铋工业矿物.此外还有含锇自然铋、硫铜铋矿、碲铋矿、含硫碲铋矿、未定名的BiTe2等铋的自然元素矿物、碲化物及硫盐矿物.研究成果丰富了成矿带铋矿物种类,对矿床研究和勘查方向的确定有着重要的指示意义.根据镜下鉴定和流体包裹体测温讨论了Cu-Au-Bi共生关系,铋在成矿热液中以硫络合物形式迁移,辉铋矿在高温热液下形成.尕尔穷铜金矿床的含矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄83.2～87.1 Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄86.87～87.29 Ma,矿床类型为岩浆热液接触交代成因的矽卡岩型铜金矿床.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861