酶法水解中国毛虾的研究

比较了4种常用蛋白酶对中国毛虾的酶解效果，筛选出胰蛋白酶和枯草杆菌蛋白酶为最佳用酶，并利用正交试验优化了水解条件，在各自最佳水解条件下采用先加胰蛋白酶再加枯草杆菌蛋白酶的酶解方式对中国毛虾进行联合双酶水解，水解度可达67．83％。     

青鳞鱼蛋白复合酶控制水解动力学模型的研究

在假设复合酶恒温控制水解动力学遵循内切酶限制水解动力学历程的前提下 ,采用实验方法求出了复合酶恒温控制水解动力学模型。结果表明 ,复合酶对青鳞鱼蛋白进行控制水解的动力学模型为 :R =(0 .315 4e0 - 0 .0 186s0 )exp(- 0 .170DH) ,DH =5 .882ln[1+(0 .0 5 36 2e0 /s0 -0 .0 0 32 )t];其酶失活常数Kd=0 .0 5 36min- 1;水解反应能够顺利进行的条件是 :e0 /s0 >c0 ,常数c0 =5 .90× 10 - 2 。验证实验证明 ,根据复合酶恒温控制水解动力学模型得到的理论DH与实际DH基本吻合 ,该动力学模型具有很强的实用价值。     

中国江蓠的商品生产及其与对虾混养(英文)

以江湾和对虾混养预防虾病。试验和生产实践表明，江蒿和对虾混养能明显地改善虾池水质，防止对虾细菌性病害，除江南有一定产量外，可使对虾产量比单养增加60％以上。并论述了中国江蓠人工栽培的种类、生长条件和主要生产方式。     

酶法在低聚壳聚糖制备上的研究现状及展望

甲壳素(chitin)广泛存在于虾、蟹等甲壳动物,部分植物,细菌及真菌等生物中,是仅次于纤维素的第二大类天然高分子化合物,年平均产量达数十亿吨之多[1]。壳聚糖(chtiosan)是甲壳素脱乙酰化产物,是膳食纤维中唯一的一种含有阳离子的高分子基团[2]。甲壳素及壳聚糖具有很多优越的特性,但由于溶解性较差,影响了它在各行业中的应用。为了改善壳聚糖的溶解性以及一些医学、保健性质,对其各种衍生物及壳聚糖低聚物的研究已逐渐展开[3,4]。甲壳素及壳聚糖的低聚物是指聚合度低于10的一些低聚葡聚糖,这些多糖具有优越的水溶性、保湿性。另外,D-低聚葡…     

中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)人工授精育苗的初步研究

用厦门海滩捕获的成熟雌雄中国鲎进行人工授精育苗试验，并对受精率、孵化率、幼鲎饲养成活率进行测定。结果表明，受精率为95％，孵化率为85％，幼鲎成活率为100％；1996年7月29日人工授精的鲎，至1997年7月11日仍健康生长，并已蜕第一次壳。说明中国鲎用人工授精的方法大量人工育苗是可行的。要提高受精率和育苗效果，应在5～6月为佳。     

中国地理信息系统(GIS)的现状及特点

本文分析了中国GIS的各主要成分。在今后长时期内, 中国GIS若干产业成分的发展仍将受国内社会条件的限制; 中国GIS仍将主要是为各级政府及其各种部门建设具有MIS特色的GIS系统。     

中国东北黑龙江杂岩体蓝闪石片岩岩石学研究(英文)

黑龙江杂岩主要由蓝闪石片岩构成,蓝闪石片岩主要包括绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、钠质角闪石、多硅白云母和石英以及为数不多的榍石、钛铁矿和黑硬绿泥石。其中,钠质角闪石包括蓝闪石和镁质钠闪石。变质条件的压力(P)温度(T)评价条件为400~425℃和0.69~0.86 MPa,对应岩相为绿帘蓝闪石片岩相。黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的地球化学研究表明,其原岩是可与洋岛型(OIB)玄武岩和一些洋中脊型(E-MORB)玄武岩相对比的大洋玄武岩,这说明黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的玄武岩原岩是在海底山或者在大洋隆起条件下由富集源形成的;具有洋岛型玄武岩地球化学特征的变质玄武岩以及富锰的变质燧石、大理石、变质硬砂岩和蛇绿岩鳞片的加入证明黑龙江杂岩是消减—增生杂岩,它含有变形洋壳的碎块和在被改造的前震旦纪佳木斯岩体西边缘上形成于侏罗纪的增生楔岩石;黑龙江杂岩在原岩成分上可与活动大陆边缘许多增生的杂岩相当。     

群的R-根(英文)

建立了任意群的R-根的存在性并且指出它就是某种类型素正规子群的交;利用群的R.根给出了一些群类的结构性定理.     

三维轴对称驻点流系统的一些研究(英文)

为了研究Navier-Stokes方程相关的三维轴对称驻点流系统的解,给出了一个积分方程系统,扩展了它的用途.并通过研究该积分方程系统的性质,在更广的范围内,利用这个系统的解,得出了与Navier-Stokes方程相关的三维轴对称驻点流系统的相似解.同时还改进了一个相似解的不存在性结果.     

Purification and Characterization of An Alkaline Protease from Acetes chinensis

An alkaline protease from Acetes chinensis was purified and characterized in this study. The steps of purification include ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow, gel filtration chromatography with S300 and the second ion-exchange chromatography with Q-sepharose Fast Flow. The protease was isolated and purified, which was present and active on protein substrates （azocasein and casein）. The specific protease activity was 17.15 folds and the recovery was 4.67. The molecular weight of the protease was estimated at 23.2kD by SDS-PAGE. With azocasein as the susbstrate, the optimal temperature was 55℃ and the optimal pH value was 5.5. Ion Ca^2＋ could enhance the proteolytic activity of the protease, while Cu^2＋, EDTA and PMSF could inhibit its activity.     

酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽的工艺研究

以蓝圆鲹为原料,酶解蓝圆鲹鱼肉蛋白制备小分子肽。运用响应面试验设计优化蓝圆鲹蛋白酶解的工艺条件,探讨了酶种类和添加量、液固比、酶解温度、酶解时间对多肽提取率的影响。结果表明:选用木瓜蛋白酶,添加量为0.10%,液固比2∶1,酶解温度54.4℃,酶解时间3.18 h下,多肽提取率为32.35%。     

Purification and identification of a clotting protein from the hemolymph of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

The clotting protein (CP) plays important and diverse roles in crustaceans, such as coagulation and lipid transportation. A clotting protein was purified from the hemolymph of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis (named as Fc-CP) with Q sepharose HP anion-exchange chromatography and phenyl sepharose HP hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Fc-CP was able to form stable clots in vitro in the presence of hemocyte lysate and Ca²⁺, suggesting that the clotting reaction is catalyzed by a Ca²⁺-dependent transglutaminase in shrimp hemocytes. The molecular mass of Fc-CP was 380 kDa under non-reducing conditions and 190 kDa under reducing conditions as was determined with SDS-PAGE. CP exists as disulfide-linked homodimers and oligomers. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Fc-CP was identical to that of shrimps including Penaeus monodon, Farfantepenaeus paulensis and Litopenaeus vannamei; and similar to that of other decapods. The purified Fc-CP was digested with trypsin and verified on an ABI 4700 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. Our results will aid to better understanding the coagulation mechanism of shrimp hemolymph.     

青鳞鱼蛋白风味酶控制水解动力学模型

在假设风味酶恒温控制水解动力学遵循内切酶限制水解动力学历程的前提下,通过实验方法求出了风味酶恒温控制水解动力学模型。结果表明,风味酶对青鳞鱼蛋白进行控制水解的动力学模型为:R= ( 54 .782e0 -0 .045s0 )exp( -0 .398DH),DH=2 .513ln[1+(21 .803e0 /s0 -0. 0179)t];其酶失活常数kd=22. 155 6min-1;水解反应能够顺利进行的条件是:e0 /s0 >c0,常数c0 =8 .214×10-4。验证实验证明,根据风味酶恒温控制水解动力学模型得到的理论水解度与实际水解基本吻合。     

牡蛎酶解工艺优化及其酶解产物对小鼠睾酮分泌的影响

【目的】优化太平洋牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)酶解工艺条件,并研究酶解产物及其超滤组分对体外培养的睾丸间质细胞增殖及睾酮分泌的影响。【方法】以多肽得率为参考标准,对木瓜蛋白酶酶解牡蛎的加酶量、初始pH、酶解时间、酶解温度进行单因素及正交实验优化;通过MTT法及酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测不同浓度牡蛎酶解产物及其超滤组分对TM3小鼠睾丸间质细胞增殖及睾酮分泌的影响。【结果】木瓜蛋白酶最佳酶解条件为加酶量3 000 U/g,初始pH 6. 5,酶解温度62.5℃,酶解时间4.5 h,在此条件下其多肽质量浓度为14.95 mg/mL;牡蛎酶解液及其超滤组分在0.25～1.00 mg/mL质量浓度范围内,与空白对照组相比,能够显著增加TM3细胞的增殖活性(P0.05),且具有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性。其中,5 ku和5～10 ku超滤组分细胞增殖活性及促进睾酮分泌活性均最强。【结论】牡蛎酶解产物及其超滤组分可有效增强小鼠睾丸间质细胞增殖活性并促进其分泌睾酮。     

Distribution and elimination of Norfloxacin in Fenneropenaeus chinensis larvae

This study examined the distribution and elimination of Norfloxacin(NFLX) in Fenneropenaeus chinensis ovary and egg and newly hatched larvae.Mature parental shrimp were exposed to 4 or 10 mg L 1NFLX for 2 or 5 d.Ovary and eggs of the shrimp were sampled after spawning in order to detect NFLX residue using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results showed that NFLX residue accumulated in F.chinensis eggs after the parental exposure,with the highest residue detected in ovary.To examine the fate of NFLX residue in larvae,we further determined the concentration of NFLX residue in F.chinensis eggs and larvae at 4 different developmental stages after 24-h exposure.From the newly metamorphosed larvae(0 h post-metamorphosis,h.p.m),samples were taken at different time intervals to 72 h.p.m.HPLC assay showed that the concentrations of NFLX residue in zoea exposed to 4 and 10 mg L 1NFLX were the highest at 1.5 h,i.e.,0.332 and 0.454 μg g 1,respectively.At the two NFLX exposure levels,the elimination time of half NFLX(half life) in nauplius was 45.36 and 49.85 h,respectively,followed by that in zoea(31.68 and 33.13 h),mysis larvae(42.24 and 47.28 h) and postlarvae(24.48 and 30.96 h).Both NFLX exposure levels had a germicidal effect.The distribution and elimination of NFLX residue in F.chinensis tissue,eggs and larvae correlated well with the drug exposure level.The disappearance of NFLX residue coincided with the larval growth,and the half-life of NFLX decreased with the larval development.     

Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on the Immune Function of Shrimps, Penaeus chinensis

Prepared in this experiment were six groups of diets, i.e. VC0, VC1, VC2, VC3, VC4 and VC5 with the contents of vitamin C (VCmg(100g)-1 diet) of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 respectively. It was found that vitamin C increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin-like (IgG-like, IgA-like and IgM-like) substances in the serum of Penaeus chinensis after a feeding period of 3 weeks. The differences among groups were significant (P＜ 0.01), but there was no difference in the contents of complement3-1ike and complement4-1ike substances in the serum (P ＞0.05). Phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the serum of VC3 group shrimps was higher than that of VC0 and other groups, but no significant difference was observed between VC0 group and other groups. Furthermore, bactericidal activity of the serum to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps fed with the VC1 diet was higher than that in the other groups (P＜ 0.01), while no difference was demonstrated among all groups for the bactericidal activity to Vibrio alginolyticus (P ＞0.05). It is, therefore, suggested that vitamin C (100-400 mg(100 g) -1 diets) could be used as an immunostimulant of P. chinensis.     

海参酶解液对斑马鱼糖尿病并发抑郁样行为的改善作用

【目的】探究海参酶解液对高糖高脂所致的斑马鱼抑郁样行为的改善作用。【方法】将斑马鱼随机分为对照组、模型组各1组,和海参酶解液高剂量(1.0m L/L)治疗组、低剂量(0.5m L/L)治疗组各1组。每天利用高浓度葡萄糖(质量分数2%)系统浸泡及高胆固醇(质量分数10%)饲料饲喂诱导斑马鱼高糖高脂模型,高低浓度海参酶解液浸泡治疗。14 d后进行新鱼缸潜水行为实验,取鱼体匀浆进行组织各生化指标的检测,包括葡萄糖(Glucose, Glu)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol, TC)、皮质醇(Cortisol, Cor)浓度。【结果】新鱼缸行为实验中,与对照组相比较,模型组斑马鱼的行为学实验都有明显差异,其中焦虑型行为潜伏期、冻结次数和冻结时间等抑郁型行为增加,探究型行为顶部转移和顶部时间减少,而1.0 mL/L高剂量海参酶解液可以逆转这些变化。模型组葡萄糖、总胆固醇、皮质醇浓度相比对照组显著升高,而给予海参酶解液治疗后,高剂量治疗组对模型组的葡萄糖、总胆固醇及皮质醇浓度均有显著降低的作用。【结论】海参酶解液可以通过改善高糖高脂诱导的糖尿病模型中糖脂水平来改善抑郁样行为和应激激素。