基于无人机影像的废石场附近土壤侵蚀研究

废石场附近的土坡结构松散,经过雨水冲刷形成侵蚀沟,造成水土流失,存在一定的安全隐患。传统的侵蚀沟监测采用传感器法、人工监测法等,这些方法费时费力,监测成本高。本文针对上述问题,利用无人机作为地理信息数据采集工具,快速获取监测区域影像,制作监测区域地形图,对地理信息数据进行人工判读结合地表平面曲率判断,定量提取侵蚀沟的土方量,最终利用土壤侵蚀模型解决废石场附近土坡侵蚀监测评价难题,这种方法对同类别土壤侵蚀监测项目具有一定的借鉴作用。     

植被稀疏地区沟蚀变化的地面激光扫描监测与沟蚀量估算

针对传统沟蚀监测手段劳作强度大,且数据采集的完整性、代表性受切沟复杂地形制约等问题,提出了一种针对植被稀疏地区沟蚀变化的地面激光扫描（terrestrial laser scanning,TLS）监测方法,形成了一套数据处理与侵蚀量计算技术流程。以河北省官厅水库东岸某大型切沟为例,利用高精度TLS进行两年3期野外监测与点云数据分析。通过点云配准、滤波、重采样及曲面拟合等预处理,生成不同采样分辨率下3期切沟表面模型,并提取地形信息;采用杨赤中滤波推估法计算并比较不同点云重采样分辨率下的沟蚀量。结果表明:（1）当点云重采样分辨率与切沟表面凹凸微结构暨石块粒径（2~6cm）接近时,沟蚀量估算值趋于稳定、结果可靠;（2）经侵蚀作用,切沟外壁表面高程整体降低2~20 cm;（3）切沟内壁侵蚀量不均衡,坡度较大处侵蚀最为显著。     

东北黑土区侵蚀沟遥感影像特征提取与识别

东北黑土区是中国重要的粮食生产区,而长期的开垦造成了严重的水土流失现象,坡耕地表面出现大量的侵蚀沟。侵蚀沟的识别是土壤侵蚀监测的重要手段之一,目前遥感技术在侵蚀沟的识别中应用广泛,但自动化程度不高。针对特定地物影像的识别,如何选取最能够有效描述该地物的特征是解决问题的关键。本文构建了耕地和侵蚀沟遥感影像的训练样本集,基于样本集分别提取了由光谱特征和纹理特征组成的浅层特征、SIFT特征经编码后得到的中层特征,以及利用卷积神经网络提取的深层特征;再基于不同层次的特征选用合适的分类器对遥感影像进行分类,识别出含有侵蚀沟的遥感影像,形成了一套针对侵蚀沟的特征提取与识别方法,为东北黑土区的耕地保护提供有力支持。测试结果表明:基于中层特征的识别精度最高,为98.5%,但该特征需要人工设计,自动化程度有限;而利用卷积神经网络可自动提取深层特征,其识别精度达到了95.5%,同时大大提高了自动化程度,满足侵蚀沟影像的识别的需求。     

基于遥感和GIS技术的长春东部典型黑土区侵蚀沟动态监测研究

以长春市九台区沐石河镇为研究区,探讨了遥感和GIS技术在长春东部典型黑土区侵蚀沟动态监测应用中的主要内容和方法。利用吉林省第一次地理国情普查成果和基础测绘成果,结合1965、2005、2013年3期卫星影像对沐石河镇侵蚀沟信息进行提取和分析,并对其空间分布及变化规律进行研究。     

四维益友地理国情监测外业数据普查系统——新一代外业数据普查专用软件

正四维益友地理国情监测外业数据普查系统(以下简称:地理国情软件),是由北京四维益友信息技术有限公司专为外业测量数据普查研发。该系统代替了传统的外业测量人工手绘,实现了数字化     

构建国土资源应急遥感监测外业核查工作机制

以互联网+核查技术和应急监测联络员制度为基础,依托应急监测调查远程调度与服务平台,探讨了应急遥感监测外业核查远程调度模式,在此基础上梳理了应急遥感监测外业核查工作流程,并以国家-省级-乡镇调度模式为例,构建了应急遥感监测外业核查工作机制。该机制的建立不仅能够满足快速高效的工作需求,还能够提升应急遥感监测外业核查成果的可靠性。     

地理数据通信接口技术在自动监测系统中的应用

介绍地理数据通信接口技术的原理及在自动监测系统中的具体使用方法,该技术真正实现了外业数据采集和内业数据处理的一体化,在安全监测工程中发挥了重要作用。     

土地利用动态遥感监测外业调查记录表自动填写技术研究

土地利用外业调查工作是核实变化图斑范围、类型和面积的重要环节,在整个遥感监测工作中起着承上启下的作用,利用高分辨遥感数据进行年度或若干年度变化监测,每个县平均能检测的图斑数以千计,采用以往人机交互方式填写外业记录表,工作量大、易出错且极易造成图表内容的不一致。本文以国土资源部土地利用动态研究为基础,在对外业调查记录表各表项进行详细分析的基础上,探索了外业调查记录表自动填写技术,并编程实现了部分表项的计算机自动填写。     

北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查技术探讨

外业调查与核查是获取地理国情信息的重要手段,可帮助内业解译,更好地完成工作。本文介绍了北京市地理国情监测外业调查与核查工作的具体内容,从北京市实际需求出发,研究制定了一套面向北京市的地理国情监测外业调查与核查的技术方案,保证了北京市国家基础性监测和市情专题性监测的合理有效开展,为今后地理国情常态化监测外业工作的实施提供一定的技术参考。     

基于地理国情监测的外业核查层信息提取Add-in插件的设计与实现

内业判读和外业调查是地理国情监测工作的重要组成部分,在地理国情监测数据的实际生产过程中,针对内业提交的外业核查图层中待核查信息的填写问题,本文开发了外业核查层信息提取Add-in插件,以地物类编码和属性项作为主要操作对象,保证了外业核查内容填写的规范化,极大地提高了外业核查层填写的效率和准确度。     

Examining high-resolution survey methods for monitoring cliff erosion at an operational scale

This paper aims to compare models from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), terrestrial photogrammetry (TP), and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry (UAVP) surveys to evaluate their potential in cliff erosion monitoring. TLS has commonly been used to monitor cliff-face erosion (monitoring since 2010 in Normandy) because it guarantees results of high precision. Due to some uncertainties and limitations of TLS, TP and UAVP can be seen as alternative methods. First, the texture quality of the photogrammetry models is better than that of TLS which could be useful for analysis and interpretation. Second, a comparison between the TLS model and UAV or TP models shows that the mean error value is mainly from 0.013 to 0.03 m, which meets the precision requirements for monitoring cliff erosion by rock falls and debris falls. However, TP is more sensitive to roughness than UAVP, which increases the data standard deviation. Thus, UAVP appears to be more reliable in our study and provides a larger spatial coverage, enabling a larger cliff-face section to be monitored with a regular resolution. Nevertheless, the method remains dependent on the weather conditions and the number of operators is not reduced. Third, even though UAVP has more advantages than TP, the methods could be interchangeable when no pilot is available, when weather conditions are bad or when high reactivity is needed.     

三峡库区水蚀荒漠化遥感调查与监测

利用遥感技术对三峡库区内水蚀荒漠化进行了监测。通过对2003年三峡库区蓄水前和2009年蓄水至175 m后两期航空遥感正射影像的解译,提取出了工作区水蚀荒漠化信息,总结出期间三峡库区蓄水后水蚀荒漠化的变化情况。监测结果表明,三峡库区蓄水至175 m后,区内水蚀荒漠化整体上呈现明显改善的趋势。不同程度的水蚀荒漠化土地面积都在减少,其中,中度水蚀荒漠化土地面积减少最多,从改善程度来看,以轻度水蚀荒漠化的改善程度最高。     

Digital Photogrammetric Monitoring of River Bank Erosion

Detailed understanding of the processes which control river bank erosion requires high resolution information concerning temporal changes in bank morphology. This paper describes the successful use of digital photogrammetry to extract high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from terrestrial oblique stereopairs of rapidly eroding river banks, using the commercial software package Erdas Imagine. This software was developed for use with aerial photography and satellite imagery; problems relating to the use of oblique terrestrial images are discussed and solutions presented. Photography was acquired using semi-metric cameras, mounted on tripods and positioned about 15m from the eroding bank. Data for DEM point spacings of 20mm were obtained, with accuracies of approximately ±12mm in depth. Digital photogrammetry can permit faster analysis, provide better accuracies and involve less ground disturbance than conventional methods of monitoring river channel change. Most importantly, DEM generation is considered to be more useful than traditionally acquired points or profiles for landform monitoring strategies.     

区域尺度海河流域水土流失风险评估

借鉴USLE的因子选择及综合方法,在遥感和GIS的支撑下对海河流域的水土流失风险进行评估,并对其空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明:海河流域山区水土流失风险显著高于平原地区,北三河山区水土流失风险最低,太行山区最高,永定河上游介于两者之间;水土流失风险"很低"等级主要分布在小于5°的平坦地区,"中"、"高"水土流失风险面积...     

基于数据融合的行树与篱笆三维信息自动提取

通过融合GIS数据、DSM和CIR立体影像等不同数据源,自动提取行树与篱笆的三维信息。综合采用了影像分割、边缘提取、直线段连接与编组、DSM三维验证等手段,成功地从航空立体像对中提取出目标信息。所提取的行树与篱笆信息可以应用于GIS数据更新、土壤监测与保护、风侵蚀的危害计算等。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的草方格沙障内蚀积形态监测

三维激光扫描技术是近年来发展起来的新型空间信息测量技术。本文将三维激光扫描技术引入治沙工程领域,通过实验对草方格沙障内的蚀积微形态变化过程进行了模拟,并应用三维激光扫描仪测定草方格沙障内蚀积变化状态,认为草方格沙障内的蚀积状态,蚀积深度以及由堆积转化为侵蚀的位置等由于坡度等条件的不同而有所差异,从而证明了应用三维激光扫描技术监测微地貌形态变化过程的可行性。同时认为该技术在沙丘移动监测、机械沙障合理设计及防沙治沙效益评估等方面具有独特的优势和广泛的应用前景。但其技术本身和应用方面仍有一些问题亟待解决。     

Monthly soil erosion monitoring based on remotely sensed biophysical parameters: a case study in Strymonas river basin towards a functional pan-European service

Abstract

Currently, many soil erosion studies at local, regional, national or continental scale use models based on the USLE-family approaches. Applications of these models pay little attention to seasonal changes, despite evidence in the literature which suggests that erosion risk may change rapidly according to intra-annual rainfall figures and vegetation phenology. This paper emphasises the aspect of seasonality in soil erosion mapping by using month-step rainfall erosivity data and biophysical time series data derived from remote-sensing. The latter, together with other existing pan-European geo-databases sets the basis for a functional pan-European service for soil erosion monitoring at a scale of 1:500,000. This potential service has led to the establishment of a new modelling approach (called the G2 model) based on the inheritance of USLE-family models. The G2 model proposes innovative techniques for the estimation of vegetation and protection factors. The model has been applied in a 14,500 km² study area in SE Europe covering a major part of the basin of the cross-border river, Strymonas. Model results were verified with erosion and sedimentation figures from previous research. The study confirmed that monthly erosion mapping would identify the critical months and would allow erosion figures to be linked to specific land uses.     

Temporal and spatial relationships between soil erosion and ecological restoration in semi-arid regions: a case study in northern Shaanxi,China

ABSTRACT

To assess the effects of the Grain for Green Program (GGP) on soil erosion is essential to support better land management policies in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Studies on the evaluation of the effects of the GGP on soil erosion have garnered heightened attention. However, few studies examined the efficiency of GGP on soil erosion control through spatial relationship analysis. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing the spatial variation relationship between soil erosion and GGP in northern Shaanxi, Chinese Loess Plateau, from 1988 to 2015. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to quantify changes in soil erosion at the regional and watershed scales, and the Geographically Weighted Regression model was used to analyze the spatial relationships between land use and land cover (LULC) and soil erosion. Our results indicated that the major characteristic of LULC change during the GGP was a rapid increase of vegetation area and a rapid decrease of cropland. Bare lands contributed to the most serious soil loss, followed by croplands and sparse grasslands. The GGP had a globally positive influence on the decrease in soil erosion over the study area, but the amount of soil erosion in western and northern regions maintained a severe level. Spatial heterogeneity in the nature of the relationships among different vegetation, croplands, and soil erosion was also observed. The change rate of wood and the change rate of soil erosion in northern sub-watershed represented a negative relationship, while the change rate of sparse grassland was negatively correlated to the change rate of soil erosion in 21 sub-watersheds, account for 72% of the study area. The GGP implemented in northern sub-watersheds were more effective for soil erosion control than southern sub-watersheds. We propose that current areas of vegetation can support soil erosion control in the whole northern Shaanxi, but local-scale ecological restoration can be considered in northern sub-watersheds.