成都长安垃圾填埋场渗滤液水头预测

针对成都长安垃圾填埋场的水文地质特征,建立稳定流模型。经模型研究表明：渗滤液的自由排泄可使场内水头降低;若关闭下游渗滤管管道阀门,则在场内将造成较高的渗滤液水痞。     

若尔盖县生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液回喷处理设计

结合当地蒸发量远大于降雨量的特点,在若尔盖县生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液污染控制中采用了渗滤液循环回喷处理技术,可实现在填埋运营期渗滤液不外排,同时,结合工程设计,介绍了渗滤液产量的计算方法、处理系统的组成、回喷系统的设计以及构筑物设计等情况.     

垃圾渗滤液在含水层中的污染规律研究——以阜新市垃圾填埋场为例

垃圾的堆存和填埋会产生大量的渗滤液。渗滤液对垃圾填埋场周围环境能够造成严重污染,尤其使地下水质污染而丧失利用价值。通过阜新市垃圾填埋场现场采集新鲜渗滤液水样、垃圾堆体附近土样的实验研究,获得了新鲜渗滤液的各组分浓度和垃圾堆体附近土壤的性质。结合当地地理气候等情况揭示了垃圾渗滤液中污染溶质在地下水系统中的迁移转化的动态过程,定量化预测了污染范围及时空分布,为研究该地区地下水污染控制、管理和评价提供了可靠依据。     

矿物法组合处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物可标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两大类物质。实验针对性采用亲水的天然膨润土处理亲水性有机物,疏水的有机膨润土处理疏水性有机物,再结合鸟粪石结晶法去除氨氮,从而获得一套处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的经济高效的矿物法组合处理技术。采用GC-MS技术鉴定经矿物法处理后的垃圾渗滤液,亲水性和疏水性有机污染物的种类和含量都明显降低。检测进水与出水的COD、氨氮及重金属浓度这三项关键指标,垃圾渗滤液原液COD为2566 mg/L,氨氮3859 mg/L,重金属Hg为0.305 mg/L。矿物法组合处理后出水的COD为245mg/L,氨氮48 mg/L,重金属Hg未检出。矿物组合法为垃圾渗滤液的无害化处理提供了一条新的思路。     

垃圾填埋场对周边地质环境影响与防治对策

垃圾填埋场对周边地质环境的污染越来越受到研究人员的重视,其影响因素复杂,不仅与MSW的性质有关,还与垃圾填埋场的类型及其所处地质环境有密切关系。为分析垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液、重金属以及其他有害物质对周边地质环境(地下水环境、土壤环境)的影响规律,对大量相关文献和实验资料进行研究分析。研究结果表明:渗滤液是垃圾填埋场影响周围地质环境最为重要的因素,对渗滤液污染地表水及地下水情况和防治方法进行了探讨;同样渗滤液也是重金属污染土壤的载体,重金属在土壤剖面中的滞留量一般随深度的增加而逐渐减少;重金属对土壤的污染具有积累性和滞后性特点,随着填埋时间的延长污染加重。最后,根据其污染途径和污染规律,提出了相应具体防治对策。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染控制技术

随着城市垃圾处理工程的实施,其渗滤液若不加处理而直接排放,会造成严重的环境污染.本文通过分析城市垃圾来源及其渗滤液的特性,提出相应的处理工艺以及综合处理对策.     

阜新城市垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的研究

随着我国城市化的发展,城市生活垃圾产量剧增,垃圾渗滤液对地下水的污染问题已成为当前主要的水环境污染问题。通过对阜新市城市垃圾填埋场地理、地质和气候特征的调查,结合阜新市城市发展现状,分析了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场垃圾成分,渗滤液产生量及渗滤液中污染物的浓度,得出了阜新市城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中各种污染物污染地下水的源强度。采用数值模拟的方法,对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的情况进行模拟分析,验证了模拟方法的正确性,并对今后的污染情况进行了预测分析。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染控制技术

随着城市垃圾处理工程的实施，其渗滤液若不加处理而直接排放，会造成严重的环境污染。本文通过分析城市垃圾来源及其渗滤液的特性，提出相应的处理工艺以及综合处理对策。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液对地下水环境影响的评价

以武汉市二妃山垃圾填埋场为例，阐述了其垃圾填埋场的地形、地貌、水文地质等基本条件，并剖析了垃圾填埋过程中渗滤液产生的机理和特征；采用污染物在饱和与非饱和孔隙介质中迁移的基本方程式，预测评价了其渗滤液垂直下渗锋面影响到下伏含水层所需的时间（年）；根据场地内不同地段影响到含水层时间的长短，对照渗滤液的产生周期，并结合场地及其周边水文地质条件，提出了场地周边及其衬底防止渗滤液下渗的相关措施及对策。     

垃圾填埋场衬垫系统穿刺性能评价

垃圾中含有铁、玻璃和陶瓷等尖锐物,在荷载作用下极有可能使衬垫系统发生破坏,导致渗滤液流入地下污染周边环境,如何正确评价衬垫系统的穿刺性能很重要。考虑材料的抗拉强度、厚度以及穿刺棒的直径提出了衬垫系统穿刺力的评价公式,并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,单层土工膜的抗穿刺力试验结果与评价值比较吻合,但由土工膜与无纺布组成的衬垫系统抗穿刺力的试验值与评价结果有一定偏差;土工膜与无纺布一起使用能大幅度提高衬垫系统的抗穿刺能力,因此土工膜上应铺设无纺布有利于保护衬垫系统;土工膜的抗拉强度越大,抗穿刺能力越强;基础的存在能在一定程度上提高衬垫系统的抗穿刺性能。所得结果对垃圾填埋场衬垫系统的设计具有一定的指导意义     

城市固体垃圾应力-应变-时间关系试验研究

通过室内蠕变试验,研究了城市固体垃圾（MSW）的蠕变变形规律。采用分级加载方式对初始孔隙比为2~4和初始有机物含量在15%~75%的MSW试样进行压缩降解试验。研究发现,应力-应变-时间曲线斜率随着初始孔隙比和初始有机物含量的增加逐渐减小,即材料压缩模量逐渐减小。采用指数模型拟合城市固体垃圾的应力-应变等时曲线,并取得了很好的拟合效果,模型参数简单易求,可反映城市固体垃圾压缩性的大小及其压缩机制。通过对指数模型求导,得到城市固体垃圾的切线压缩模量,切线压缩模量随初始孔隙比和易降解有机物含量的增加呈指数型衰减,初始孔隙比在2~3之间时,初始压缩模量衰减较快,也就是说,在该范围内,初始孔隙比对城市固体垃圾变形影响较大。     

Modeling municipal solid waste landfill settlement

A good prediction of solid waste landfill settlement is important for landfill design and rehabilitation. A one-dimensional model which accounts for mechanical settlement and biodegradation processes is developed to simulate the settlement behavior of municipal solid waste landfill. The derivation of analytical solutions for specific conditions is introduced. The numerical approach, capable of coping with more general conditions, is also presented to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of landfill settlement. The proposed model can simulate typical features of short- and long-term landfill settlement behaviors. With proper selection of parameter values, field measurements are well simulated by this model. The effects of some design parameters on the settlement behavior of municipal solid waste landfills are also examined with the help of this model.     

垃圾土蠕变-降解特性的室内试验研究

通过室内蠕变-降解对比试验,研究了城市固体废弃物（MSW）的长期变形过程,详细地分析了MSW应变、沉降速率以及孔隙比随时间的变化规律。试验结果显示,考虑有机物降解情况下沉降速率与时间在双对数坐标下呈线性关系;不同的生物降解条件下MSW的变形特性表现出不同的规律。研究表明,MSW的蠕变变形是应力与有机物生物降解耦合作用的结果,采用室内蠕变-降解试验可以很好地模拟垃圾土的沉降变形过程,为室内进一步研究垃圾土的蠕变降解特性提供了很好的依据。     

佳木斯市城区固体废弃物污染与处置利用途径

固体废弃物的污染、处置与利用是现代化城市面临的重大环境工程问题，也是发达国家尚未很好解决的问题。文章以佳木斯城区为例，对此问题进行了探讨。论述该城市的固体废物堆放现状，列举固体废弃物污染的危害，分析对其地下水污染的形成机理，最后讨论了处置利用固体废弃物的几种有效途径。     

固体废物安全填埋场选址技术方法研究

笔者根据参加国家“八五”科技攻关项目的示范工程“无锡工业有害废物安全填埋场”的选址工作，提出选址工作的技术方法和应进行的１０大技术环节，并给出选址技术方法流程和填埋场工程主要技术工艺流程图，这些研究成果将会促进安全填埋场选址技术的发展和环保工程的实施应用。     

城市固体垃圾填埋场不均匀沉降分析

老垃圾填埋场竖向扩建时垃圾堆体的不均匀沉降控制是中间防渗衬垫系统设计的基础,正确计算和分析垃圾堆体的不均匀沉降将是老填埋场竖向扩建时成功与否的关键。研究了竖向扩建时垃圾不均匀沉降,并介绍了不均匀沉降的计算方 法,结合工程实例对老填埋场竖向扩建时垃圾不均匀沉降影响进行了分析,从工程技术角度提出了相应的解决方案。     

Petrogenesis of municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash

A petrographic study was conducted on a suite of bottom ash particles from 3 different modern municipal solid waste combustors. The object of the study was to evaluate the mineralogical characteristics and formation process of the bottom ash by using standard geological techniques of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis. This information was subsequently used to model the bottom ash petrogenesis based upon an examination of the mineralogy, melt structure, and composition of the ash.Bottom ash can be divided into two major groups: 1) refractory waste products and 2) melt products. The refractory waste products consist largely of rock and mineral fragments, various waste metals, and unmelted glass shards. The melt products consist of two distinct glasses: 1) isotropic glass, and 2) opaque glass. Complex silicate minerals are precipitated from and are abundant in the isotropic glass whereas both metal oxide and silicate minerals are precipitated from the opaque glass.The isotropic and opaque glasses formed simultaneously in different locations on the combustor grate. The contrast in melting (liquidus) temperatures shown by these glasses suggests that the isotropic melts were produced at localized hot spots (1500°C to 1650°C) and the opaque melts formed at cold spots (1150°C to 1400°C) on the grate. This could be the result of heterogeneous distribution of combustible municipal solid waste on the grate or from localized hot spots where air is introduced through the grates. In some instances the two glasses then had the opportunity to variably mix with each other. Fe-oxides represent waste metal fragments that were assimilated by melting and later recrystallized.Bottom ash is produced via a co-mingled two melt system that forms melilite-bearing, alkaline, volcanic-like rocks. The great similarity of the bottom ash residues between these 3 different MSW combustors suggests that, despite variable combustor designs and heterogeneous waste feed, high temperature combustion of MSW produces bottom ash of fairly uniform composition and structure that formed via the petrogenetic process described above. Alterations to the combustion process or implementations of secondary treatment technologies may render the bottom ash residue into a more environmentally stable material better suited for aggregate or long term secure disposal in landfills.     

Geophysical imaging of municipal solid waste contaminant pathways

Surface electrical and electromagnetic surveys were conducted on top of a solid waste facility in Unguwan Dosa, Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria. The aim of the geophysical survey was to detect vertical and subvertical fractures that may provide pathways for groundwater and contaminant transport. Results from the 2D electrical resistivity imaging showed vertical and subvertical contacts overlain by 6–10 m thick overburden. Quantitative interpretation of the VLF-EM data correlates well with the results of the 2D resistivity imaging delineating the vertical and subvertical contacts as good and weak conductors (fractures zones) with resistivity values of 40–220 and 300–420 Ω m, respectively. Azimuthal Schlumberger VES measurements yield apparent anisotropy values ranging from 1.01 to 1.47 for electrode spacings of 1–45 m with the highest value recorded at spacing of 2 m. However, azimuthal variations at large spacings (30–45 m) showed no fracture anisotropy due possibly to the array’s low sensitivity to anisotropy at these spacings. The result of the study showed that pollutants in the leachate can reach and contaminate the groundwater. Therefore, urgency for leachate treatment at this site is recommended to prevent contamination of groundwater.     

Modeling elasto-visco-bio-plastic mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste in landfills

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a mechanical model for the prediction of short-term and long-term settlement of municipal solid waste in landfills. The load-induced volumetric compression,...     

探地雷达应用于城市固体废弃物填埋场的构想

介绍了探地雷达技术的基本工作原理及其在某些领域的应用效果,提出了应用探地雷达技术进行城市固体废弃物填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究的构想,并探讨了探地雷达技术的可行性和技术优势。在总结相关文献的基础上,结合现场调查认为,应用探地雷达技术进行填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究工作是行之有效的一种新方法。