1α,25-双羟维生素D3作用于靶细胞的机制

1α,2 5-双羟维生素 D3 [1 α,2 5(OH) 2 D3 ]作用于靶细胞后产生 2种不同的信号传导系统 :基因效应和非基因效应。前者是指 1α,2 5(OH) 2 D3 与维生素 D核受体 (n VDR)结合 ,n VDR再与视黄酸 X受体 (RXR)发生异二聚化反应 ,在转录因子 (TF)的作用下 ,促使靶基因转录。后者是指 1 α,2 5(OH) 2 D3 与维生素 D膜受体 (m VDR)结合 ,随之引发一系列信号传导 ,促使细胞膜上的 Ca2 -通道迅速打开。探讨 1α,2 5(OH) 2 D3 的作用机制有利于开发治疗维生素 D内分泌系统疾病的新药。本文就目前有关 1 α,2 5(OH) 2 D3 作用于靶细胞的机制的研究成果进行综述。     

饲料中维生素B6对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍蛋白质代谢的影响

以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannaiIno)幼鲍为研究对象,探讨维生素B6对其蛋白质代谢的影响。设计了3种维生素B6不同含量(0,40,4 000 mg/kg)的半精制饲料,在循环水养殖系统中养殖幼鲍240 d。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏团和肌肉中磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)的含量随饲料中维生素B6的添加而显著升高(P<0.05)。饲料中不同维生素B6水平对肌肉组织中蛋白含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),而显著升高内脏团中蛋白质的含量(P<0.05)。内脏团和肌肉中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力随着饲料中维生素B6添加量的升高而显著增强,分别在维生素B6的添加量为4 000 mg/kg时取得最大值(P<0.05)。内脏团中所检测的各种氨基酸的含量与饲料中维生素B6添加量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。然而,肌肉中的天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、牛磺酸(Tau)的含量随着饲料中维生素B6添加量的升高而显著增加,并且分别在维生素B6添加量为4 000 mg/kg时取得最大值(P<0.05)。肌肉中甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)的含量在两个维生素B6添加组(40 mg/kg和4 000 mg/kg)之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于维生素B6缺乏组(0 mg/kg)的值(P<0.05)。     

南海红树内生海洋真菌#2492代谢产物的研究

研究了分离自中国南海的红树内生海洋真菌Stysanuslikesp.(#2492)菌丝体的代谢产物,从该菌菌丝体分离得到2个化合物,经现代波谱技术分别鉴定为N-(2-羟基二十四碳酰基)-1,3,4-三羟基-2-氨基十八烷(A)和γ-硬脂酸内酯(B)。其中γ-硬脂酸内酯(B)是首次以天然产物的形式从海洋真菌中分离得到。     

3-(1-吲哚基)丙酸及其衍生物的合成

介绍了3-(1-吲哚基)丙酸(3a)及其衍生物3-(5-溴-1-吲哚基)丙酸(3b)和3-(5,6-二氯.1-吲哚基)丙酸(3c)的合成方法.首先以3,3'-二硫代二丙酸二甲酯为原料与吲哚、5-溴-1-氢吲哚、5,6-二氯-1-氢吲哚的阴离子进行迈克尔加成反应.再对其碱性条件下进行水解、酸化,得到目标产物3a～3c,收率分别为49.5%,50.8%和35.1%.通过IR,1HNMR对所有化合物的结构进行了表征.     

南海红树内生海洋真菌#2492代谢产物的研究

研究了分离自中国南海的红树内生海洋真菌Stysanuslikesp.(#2492)菌丝体的代谢产物,从该菌菌丝体分离得到2个化合物,经现代波谱技术分别鉴定为N-(2-羟基二十四碳酰基)-1,3,4-三羟基-2-氨基十八烷(A)和γ-硬脂酸内酯(B)。其中γ-硬脂酸内酯(B)是首次以天然产物的形式从海洋真菌中分离得到。     

海洋浮游生态系统中D MS P的来源及在食物链中的传递和转化研究进展

β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是一种在海洋中普遍存在的重要生源有机硫化物,其降解产物二甲基硫(DMS)挥发到大气中会形成云凝结核,进而对大气温度产生负反馈效应.DMSP主要由浮游植物和部分细菌生物合成,在浮游食物链和微食物环中进行传递和转化,并进一步通过食物网进入更高营养级.浮游生物是驱动全球碳、硫循环的关键环节,...     

3-溴-2-(2′,3′-二溴-4′,5′-二甲氧基苯甲基)-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯的合成及其PTP1B 酶抑制活性研究

为了研究海洋溴系列化合物的生物活性,以香兰素(1)为起始原料,经过溴代、还原、氧化、傅克酰基化及酯化等反应,成功的合成了新化合物3-溴-2-(2′,3′-二溴-4′,5′-二甲氧基苯甲基)-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(9),总收率为19.6%。通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR等方法对目标产物进行了结构表征。通过比色法对目标化合物进行了PTP1B酶抑制活性测定,结果显示化合物浓度为20 mg/L时,PTP1B酶抑制率为55.84%,表明该化合物有一定的PTP1B酶抑制活性。     

长牡蛎细胞周期调控关键基因cyclin B3 的克隆及其在性腺发育中的作用

首次在长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）中克隆得到细胞周期蛋白B3（cyclin B3）的cDNA 全长序列和基因组结构序列。cyclin B3 基因cDNA 全长2383 bp, 其中编码区长度为1293 bp, 编码一条含430 个氨基酸的多肽链, 氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析均表明其为其他物种cyclin...     

基于VRMap的大范围城市三维景观构建研究与实现

大范围城市三维景观在城市应急反应、虚拟旅游、智能交通、城市规划与设计、无线基站选址等方面都有着十分广阔的应用领域。在研究了在DEM、DOM、DLG三种数据源的基础上,构建惠州市大范围城市三维景观,同时就大范围城市三维景观构建过程中线划图的预处理、特殊物体的建模、DEM数据的格式转换、纹理的后期处理和映射等一系列关键问题进行了详细探讨和阐述。     

2D and 3D nanopore characterization of gas shale in Longmaxi formation based on FIB-SEM

Studying complex pore structures is the key to understanding the mechanism of shale gas accumulation. FIB-SEM (focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope) is the mainstream and effective instrument for imaging nanopores in gas shales. Based on this technology, 2D and 3D characteristics of shale samples from Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in southern Sichuan Basin were investigated. 2D experimental results show that the pores in shale are nanometer-sized, and the structure of those nanopores can be classified into three types: organic pores, inorganic pores and micro fractures. Among the three types, organic pores are dominantly developed in the OM (organic matter) with three patterns such as continuous distributed OM, OM between clay minerals and OM between pyrite particles, and the size of organic pores range from 5 nm to 200 nm.Inveresly, inorganic pores and micro fractures are less developed in the Longmaxi shales. 3D digital rocks were reconstructed and segmented by 600 continuous images by FIB cutting and SEM imaging simultaneously. The pore size distribution and porosity can be calculated by this 3D digital core, showing that its average value is 32 nm and porosity is 3.62%.The 3D digital porosity is higher than its helium porosity, which can be regarded as one important parameter for evaluation of shale gas reserves. The 2D and 3D characterized results suggest that the nanometer-sized pores in organic matter take up the fundamental storage space for the Longmaxi shale. These characteristics have contributed to the preservation of shale gas in this complex tectonic area.     

Thermal maturity of Miocene organic matter from the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic: 1D and 3D models

A three-dimensional reconstruction of burial and palaeogeothermal conditions is presented for Miocene sediments of the Carpathian Foredeep beneath the Outer Western Carpathians fold and trust belt in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. The sedimentary units involved include autochthonous Paleozoic sequences, Miocene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep and of the Western Carpathian nappe system. Reservoir rocks with economic oil and gas accumulations occur in the fractured crystalline basement and in the Neogene Carpathian Foredeep. The studied Vizovice area, is characterized by rocks representing both Variscan and Carpathian orogenic cycles. The 3D thermal maturity and subsidence model presented allows the significance of both tectonic events to be evaluated. The model, calibrated by vitrinite reflectance from eight boreholes proved that eroded units related to the Variscan orogeny approach, in amount, those eroded during the Carpathian orogeny. The thickness of the eroded rocks does not exceed 300 m in either case. Vitrinite reflectance data from representative core samples of the Miocene organic matter show that R_r values increase with depth from 0.36 to 0.58%. A re-evaluation of archival data on the quantity and quality of organic matter shows that total organic carbon ranges from 0.20 to 2.92 wt%, and residual hydrocarbons (S₂) from 0.04 to 8.48 mg HC/g rock. These results lead to the conclusion that Neogene Unit II that was interpreted as coastline-through to shallow-marine deposition environment within the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic is potential source rock for hydrocarbon accumulations.     

三维点云数据拼接中ICP及其改进算法综述

ICP算法是三维点云数据精确拼接过程中的主流算法.文章对目前国内外ICP及其各种改进算法的发展现状进行了系统地分析与研究.将ICP算法分为4个主要阶段:(1) 对原始点云数据进行采样;(2) 确定初始对应点集;(3) 去除错误对应点对;(4) 坐标变换的求解.分别对各个阶段中典型方法的基本思想和关键技术进行了分类与分析,并在精度与效率等方面对这些算法进行了比较.最后对目前算法研究中的难点问题及未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

湛江湾三维温盐特征季节变化观测分析

利用2017年1−12月的现场观测数据,分析了湛江湾温盐的三维空间结构及季节变化特征。结果表明：(1) 2017年湛江湾各站位年平均温度为23～27℃、盐度为19～27、位势密度为11～17 kg/m³、浮性频率(N²)为7×10⁻⁵～5×10⁻³ s⁻²。浮性频率的垂向结构及水平分布与温度分布类似,而位势密度则与盐度的变化趋势几乎一致;(2)温度季节变化明显,夏季最高,秋季次之,冬季最低,冬夏温差最大达15℃,而盐度季节变化则不大。相较于季节引起的变化,涨落潮对温度以及盐度影响较小。温度跃层夏季最强,10 m处温度最大梯度可达到0.7℃/m,春秋季温跃层抬升至5 m附近,冬季水体上下混合均匀。夏季和秋季存在明显的盐跃层,盐度梯度最大可达到1.1 m⁻¹。跃层上下温盐的季节变化规律一致;(3)水平分布上,从湾顶区、湾颈区、大堤区、浅滩区到湾口区,温度递减,盐度递增,湾顶区和湾口区平均温度差为2.3℃,盐度差为2.7。温盐图分析显示,不同季节水体呈现为不同的温盐条带,湾口区基本为低温、高盐水体,而湾顶区基本为高温、低盐水体,其他区域水体介于上述两者之间。     

粤西陆架温度锋三维结构与季节变化机制分析

基于2018–2019年现场高分辨率温度观测和1993–2021年的CMEMS再分析海表温度（SST）和风场数据,分析粤西陆架海温盐锋的三维结构、季节变化和影响机制。多年SST数据显示,海表温度锋冬季最强、出现概率和覆盖宽度最大,量值分别为0.049℃/km、75%和66 km。春季和夏季次之,而秋季则几乎完全消失。冬季锋面平均离岸50 km,夏季则向岸靠近为23.1 km。2018年春季、夏季和2019年夏季的现场观测进一步给出锋面在次表层的三维结构,结果显示春、夏季20 m等深线以浅处均有锋面存在,该锋面是沿岸高温海水与离岸低温海水辐聚而成,随着深度的增加锋面强度减小,覆盖范围向岸收缩。20 m以深水域锋面在次表层中强于表层,随深度增加而增强并向岸偏移。相关性和信息流分析发现,海表面风应力旋度和沿岸风是影响粤西陆架海表温度锋面的重要因素。该温度锋存在年际变化,PDO负位相时的La Niña年锋面强度出现极大值,而PDO正位相时的El Niño年则对应极小值。     

Multiphase deformation deduced from 3D construction and restoration: Implication for the hydrocarbon exploration in the mountain front of the Northern Tianshan

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and restoration are powerful in describing the geological characteristics and kinematics which cannot be fully accomplished by the two-dimensional modeling methods. In this study, we applied 3D modeling and restoration to the Beisantai anticline along the mountain front of the Northern Tianshan. The Beisantai anticline shows an EW-trending structure in the shallow layers with NS-trending structures in the deep layers. The 3D seismic reflection data visualize the growth strata well, which record the evolution of the anticline and the influence of Cenozoic India-Asian collision. Our results suggest that a combination of multiple deformations of this anticline on different layers developed during different episodes. In addition, multiphase deformation and strain distribution along the eastern part of the northern Tianshan was implied. Combined with an analysis of the burial and hydrocarbon-generating history from borehole data, we proposed new potential exploration areas in this region and multistage tectonic effects for hydrocarbon accumulation. This work not only highlights our understanding of the structural decomposition of a multiphase structure associated with growth strata, but also the structural evolution of the northern Tianshan and the adjacent petroleum-producing Junggar Basin.     

Direct time domain analysis of floating structures with linear and nonlinear mooring stiffness in a 3D numerical wave tank

In this paper, motion response of a moored floating structure interacting with a large amplitude and steep incident wave field is studied using a coupled time domain solution scheme. Solution of the hydrodynamic boundary value problem is achieved using a three-dimensional numerical wave tank (3D NWT) approach based upon a form of Mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian (MEL) scheme. In the developed method, nonlinearity arising due to incident wave as well as nonlinear hydrostatics is completely captured while the hydrodynamic interactions of radiation and diffraction are determined at every time step based on certain simplifying approximations. Mooring lines are modelled as linear as well as nonlinear springs. The horizontal tension for each individual mooring line is obtained from the nonlinear load-excursion plot of the lines computed using catenary theory, from which the linear and nonlinear line stiffness are determined. Motions of three realistic floating structures with different mooring systems are analyzed considering various combinations of linear and approximate nonlinear hydrodynamic load computations and linear/nonlinear mooring line stiffness. Results are discussed to bring out the influence and need for consideration of nonlinearities in the hydrodynamics and hydrostatics as well as the nonlinear modelling of the line stiffness.     

Combination of Least Square and Monte Carlo Methods for OBS Relocation in 3D Seismic Survey Near Bashi Channel

Abstract

The relocation of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) is a key step in analyzing the three-dimensional seismic tomographic structure of crust and mantle. In order to get the accurate location of OBSs on the seafloor, we analyze the travel times of direct water waves emitted by air-guns. The Monte Carlo and least square methods have been adopted to calculate the true OBS location. The secondary time correction is necessary if the arrivals of direct water waves show overall time drift during relocation which maybe originates from remnant of linear clock drift correction and average errors of travel time picking, mean water velocity assumption, and experiment geometry. We have improved the original OBS relocation procedure which we used previously for other experiments by deliberateness of a secondary time correction and automatically approaching the really mean water velocity. A series of synthetic tests are carried out firstly to document the feasibility of our procedure and then it is applied on a real experiment. In here, we relocate 28 OBSs in total were relocated in 3D seismic survey near Bashi Channel. Relocation results show that the drifting distances for the 28 OBSs range from 65 to 1136 m between the deployed and relocated locations deduced by relocation results. The Pearson correlation coefficient between OBS drifting direction and sea current direction is 0.79, indicating that the two sets of data are highly linearly related and further manifest the sea current as the most possible driving force for OBS drifting during landing on the seafloor but its detailed influence mechanism is unclear by now. This research is necessary and critical for velocity structure modeling, and the optimal relocation program provides valuable experiences for 3D seismic survey in other area.     

南海深水区水下溢油三维可视化模拟系统研发与应用

针对南海油气田勘探开发溢油污染防治需求,开发了国内首套深水区水下溢油三维可视化模拟系统,由三维海流预报模型、深水溢油模型、三维可视化仿真系统和数据库组成。海流预报模型基于ROMS模式,通过考虑波致混合影响,并利用最优插值技术同化卫星测高资料和嵌套技术,保障了预报结果的准确性。深水溢油模型由羽流模型和对流扩散模型组成,考虑了卷吸、油气分离、溶解、水合物生成、漂移、扩散等复杂过程。系统能够预测深水区水下油气泄漏后行为和归宿过程,提供油、气、天然气水合物粒子的大小、分布、移动速度和漂移轨迹、扩散面积、水体溢油残存量、水面溢油量等三维可视化动态模拟结果。目前系统已经在油气田勘探开发中得到应用,为南海深水溢油应急提供了重要支撑。