2021年云南盈江MS5.0地震震区构造背景与孕震机制

1 研究背景 云南盈江地区历史地震活动频繁,2008年以来密集发生了一系列5级以上地震,如:2008年盈江铜壁关MS 5.0地震、盈江徐家寨MS 5.0地震、盈江苏典MS 5.0、MS 5.9地震, 2011年盈江MS 5.8地震,2014年盈江卡场MS 5.6、MS 6.1地震等.该区地震活动活跃,逐渐成为滇西地震研究重点地区.2021年6月12日,该区再次发生盈江MS 5.0地震(24.96°N, 97.89°E).     

2021年云南漾濞6.4级地震发震构造分析

2021年5月21日的漾濞6.4级地震发生在青藏高原东南缘川滇块体的西边界,震中地区分布有多条活动断裂,构造较为复杂.震源机制解和地震波形反演显示该地震为右旋走滑型,破裂面走向NW,与川滇块体西边界的维西-乔后、红河断裂带的运动性质和走向一致.在野外调查中没有发现明显的地震地表破裂,只在漾濞县城西侧震中区一带发育一条N...     

漾濞MS6.4地震同震形变特征及发震构造探讨

2021年5月21日云南省漾濞县发生MS6.4地震.文中基于升、降轨Sentinel-1 SAR影像,利用InSAR技术获取了此次地震的同震形变场,反演获取了发震断层的精细滑动分布,计算了区域应变分配及同震位错引起的周边各断裂上的库仑应力变化,对发震构造及周边断裂的地震危险性进行了讨论.结果表明:InSAR同震形变场显...     

2021年云南漾濞MS6.4地震震区断裂构造特征

为进一步查明震区断裂构造特征,摸清其风险底数,基于云南省地震灾害风险普查漾濞县1∶25万地震构造填图任务,对漾濞县行政区内多条断裂构造开展野外调查。结果表明：(1)结合震区新生代以来的构造演化开展分析,认为草坪断裂在维西—乔后断裂开始活动之前便已经形成,在地震破裂发生时此类先存断裂对区域应力释放具有十分重要的作用;(2)草坪断裂为一条早第四纪断裂,第四纪以来活动并不显著,不具备独立发生M_S≥6.0强震的构造条件;(3)在维西—乔后断裂中段全新世以来持续强烈的活动构造背景下,漾濞M_S6.4地震为一次沿先存断裂构造面发生破裂的地震事件;(4)地震精定位结果显示,地震序列SE端存在分叉的几何特征,认为地震产生的右旋剪切作用使得后期余震破裂继承了腊时断裂、小庄村断裂及罗家村断裂的几何构造面,并分散、吸收了剩余应力。     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞M6.4地震序列的矩心矩张量解及动力环境分析

文中利用中国地震台网中心汇编的震相数据,基于2021年5月18—28日云南漾濞地震周边101个地震台站的观测数据,采用双差定位方法对漾濞地震的前震-主震-余震序列进行了精定位研究,获得了2144个地震的精确位置.对结果进行分析后发现,此次地震的主余震分布、烈度等震线长轴方位与维西-乔后断裂的位置并不一致,且走向与其呈小...     

2013 年洱源MS 5. 5 地震烈度分布及震区活动构造背景研究

2013 年洱源MS5. 5 地震震区地质构造复杂,发育有NW 向和NE 向2 组活动断裂。据野外调查和探槽揭示,震中附近的维西-乔后断裂为晚第四纪活动断裂,其新近活动时代主要在晚更新世晚期,全新世仍有较明显的活动迹象,运动性质以右旋走滑为主兼有正断。此次地震等烈度线呈NNW 向的椭圆形展布,极震区达Ⅶ度,长15km,宽10km,面积约279km2。震源机制解显示:该震源断层为正断兼走滑破裂型,与维西-乔后断裂的运动学特征基本吻合;节面Ⅱ为NW 向,与维西-乔后断裂走向基本一致。结合地震烈度分布、滑坡崩塌体分布和微震分布特征等分析推断,此次地震的发震构造应为维西-乔后断裂。震区地处滇西北横断山脉腹地,巨大的地形高差,强烈的表层岩石风化,是造成此次地震破坏较重的自然地理条件,而居民房屋多为抗震性能差的土木结构和砖木结构等简易建筑,是造成地震灾害加重的构筑物背景。     

2013年洱源MS5.5和MS5.0地震 发震构造识别

采用Hypo2000和双差定位方法对2013年云南洱源M_S5.5和M_S5.0地震序列进行了重新定位. 结果显示: 精定位后洱源地震序列分布优势方向集中在160°; 用CAP方法反演了两次5级地震震源机制, 节面Ⅱ的走向158°和157°与余震优势分布方向一致; 现场考察M_S5.5和M_S5.0地震极震区的长轴方向也是NW向. 上述结果与维西—乔后断裂NNW走向一致, 据此判定该断裂为洱源M_S5.5和M_S5.0地震的发震构造. 序列震源机制解显示, 洱源地震序列表现出不同的错断性质以及不同方向主压应力, 可能与维西—乔后断裂所处区域复杂构造应力场有关.      

中缅交界苏典断裂的最新活动特征及意义

苏典断裂呈近SN向延伸,跨越中缅边境,长约100km,历史上沿断裂多有地震发生.但受交通、气候等因素制约,长期以来有关断裂的晚第四纪活动性几乎没有研究.据野外地质地貌调查、探槽和年代学测试结果,文中对此断裂的晚第四纪运动特征、最新活动时代进行分析.苏典断裂的新构造活动明显,沿断裂发育有苏典、勐典、黄草坝、陇中等串珠状第...     

Three-dimensional velocity structure around the focal area of the 2021 MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake

On May 21, 2021, an M_S6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, China, which exhibited typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock characteristics. To better understand the velocity structure of the focal area and adjacent fault zones, Pg/Sg travel times at 12 seismic stations for the local earthquakes with M_L ≥ 1.5 from 2009–2019 and the Yangbi sequence in May of 2021 were used to invert the three-dimensional (3D) structures for both v_P and v_P/v_S. The obtained structure extends deeply to 15 km for area (25°N–26.5°N, 99.5°E–101°E) at a horizontal resolution of 10× 10 km, and the accuracy of the v_P velocity was verified using airgun signals excited by the Binchuan Airgun Transmitting Seismic Station (BATSS). The resulting v_P and v_P/v_S images correlate with existing fault zones and the Yangbi sequence, including: (1) The shallow velocity structure at 0 km agrees with local topography, where the Binchuan basin exhibits low-v_P and high-v_P/v_S values. From 3–15 km, v_P and v_P/v_S show variations, and the boundaries are consistent with the main faults (e.g., the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan, Honghe, and Chenghai faults). (2) The largest foreshock (M_S5.6), mainshock (M_S6.4), and largest aftershock (M_S5.2) occurred near the boundaries where both v_P and v_P/v_S have clear contrasts. (3) Small earthquakes are also concentrated in the transition zone between high- and low-v_P and v_P/v_S anomalies, and are biased toward low-v_P/v_S zones. (4) Boundaries in v_P and v_P/v_S are observed at 20 km west of the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault, indicating that there may exist one hidden fault.     

Spatiotemporal evolution of the 2021 MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence

Based on the seismic phase reports of the Yangbi area from January 1 to June 25, 2021, and the waveform data of M ≥ 4 earthquakes, we obtained the relocation results and focal mechanism solutions of the M_S6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence using the HypoDD and CAP methods. Based on our results, our main conclusions are as follows: (1) the M_S6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence is a typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence. The foreshocks of the first two stages have the obvious fronts of migration and their migration rate increased gradually. There was no apparent front of migration during the third stage, and the occurrence of the mainshock was related to stress triggering from a M5.3 foreshock. We tentatively speculate that the rupture pattern of the Yangbi earthquake sequence conforms to the cascading-rupture model; and (2) the main fault of the M_S6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence is a NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault. As time progressed, a minor conjugate aftershock belt formed at the northwest end of this fault, and a dendritic branching structure emerged in the southern fault segment, showing a complex seismogenic fault structure. We suggested that the fault of the Yangbi earthquake sequence may be a young sub-fault of the Weixi-Weishan fault.     

An accessible seismological dataset of 2021 Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake

A M_S6.4 earthquake occurred on 21 May 2021 in Yangbi county, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China, at 21: 48 Beijing Time (13: 48 UTC). Earthquakes with an M3.0 or higher occurred before and after the main shock. Seismic data analysis is essential for the in-depth investigation of the 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence and the seismotectonics of northwestern Yunnan. Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (CEA), has compiled a dataset of seismological observations from 157 broadband stations located within 500 km of the epicenter, and has made this dataset available to the earthquake science research community. The dataset (total file size: 329 GB) consists of event waveforms with a sampling frequency of 100 sps collected from 18 to 28 May 2021, 20-Hz and 100-Hz continuous waveforms collected from 12 to 31 May 2021, and seismic instrument response files. To promote data sharing, the dataset also includes the seismic event waveforms from 20 to 22 May 2021 recorded at 50 stations of the ongoing Binchuan Active Source Geophysical Observation Project, for which the data protection period has not expired. Sample waveforms of the main shock are included in the appendix of this article and can be downloaded from the Earthquake Science website. The event and continuous waveforms are available from the Earthquake Science Data Center website (www.esdc.ac.cn) on application.     

2021年漾濞MS6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化

1 研究背景 同震变化和震后效应来自震源区域发生的物理或化学变化,可为震后趋势研判提供重要的科学依据.杨竹转等(2005,2008,2014)研究发现,云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变与地震之间存在一定的定量关系;2008年汶川MS 8.0地震在中国大陆地区引起的水位、水温同震变化特征机理较复杂;在2013年芦山地震中,重庆的荣昌华江井、北碚柳荫井和四川的泸沽湖井的水位同震变化与同震体应变不一致,表现出与日本、苏门答腊地震时相似的同震变化特征.因此,有必要深入研究不同区域构造不同地震的同震变化.基于此,本文就2021年5月21日漾濞MS 6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化进行初步研究.     

2021年漾濞MS6.4级地震前兆异常分析

对2021年5月21日漾濞6.4级地震的前兆资料进行分析,认为漾濞6.4级地震之前滇西地区的地下流体、形变以及背景噪声都出现了不同程度的异常,尤其滇西北地区的水温水位在震前表现出明显的短临特征.     

Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.     

漾濞MS6.4地震长周期强地震动的有限差分初步模拟

根据我国川滇地区的地质地貌特征、前人地质资料和2021年漾濞M_S6.4地震的震源参数初步反演结果,建立三维速度结构模型,采用三维有限差分法对漾濞地震的长周期地震动进行研究.对实际地震烈度和模拟烈度进行对比,同时在区域附近布置了36个观测点,给出其中6个观测点的三分量速度时程,并给出所有观测点阻尼比为5%的速度反应谱,结果表明:(1)模拟的速度峰值已超过25 cm/s,与实际漾濞地区附近的烈度为8度吻合;(2)受断层滑动分布影响,速度水平分量在西北方向分布范围更广,衰减速度明显慢于东南方向,并且在极震区,东北—西南方向的地震动衰减也较慢.方向性效应对峰值大小及其分布范围的影响显著;(3)观测点速度反应谱的特征周期分布在1~3 s范围内,可能会因为共振效应对区域附近的大型建筑物产生较为严重的破坏.需要对漾濞地震进行进一步研究,以期对漾濞地震的长周期地震动有更为细致的认识.     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震序列重定位及震源机制研究

2021年5月21日 21 时,云南省大理州漾濞县先后发生MS5.6 和MS6.4 地震,两次地震震中位置相距约7 km,均位于滇西地区,该地区地处青藏高原东南缘、南北地震带南段,地质构造复杂.地震序列跟踪结果显示漾濞MS6.4地震类型为前震-主震-余震型,MS5.6 地震为MS6.4地震的前震.本文基于云南地震台网的震相报告,采用双差定位方法对漾濞MS6.4地震早期序列(2021年5月18日至 25日,ML0.0 以上)进行重定位,同时,利用 Cut-And-Paste(CAP)震源机制波形反演方法,获得了序列中截止至 5月25日 31 次MS≥3.0 地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,对该序列的发震构造进行了初步分析.结果显示:(1)重定位后获得的 2159 个地震事件呈 NW-SE向展布,长约 25 km,宽约 5～10 km.MS 6.4主震的震源深度为 8.9 km,序列震源深度主要集中在 4～10 km,深度均值约7.5 km.(2)前震序列具有从中间开始破裂,然后向北西向破裂,继而向东南向破裂的特征,漾濞MS 6.4 主震位于余震区的北西端,最大余震MS 5.2 地震位于余震区的东南端.(3)CAP波形反演获得的 31 次MS≥3.0地震的震源矩心深度在4～11 km范围,深度均值约 6.5 km,与重定位结果接近,仅相差 1.0 km,说明重定位的震源深度分布是合理可靠的.(4)震源机制多为右旋走滑型,部分地震具有较为明显的正断分量,反演的区域应力场与目前已知的构造应力场水平主压应力方向一致,反映区域内构造活动主要受区域构造应力场控制.根据重定位后的序列空间分布、震源机制解及震源区构造特征,综合分析认为,此次漾濞地震序列的发震构造可能是维西—乔后—巍山断裂中段附近的次级断层.     

云南漾濞6.4级地震强地面运动的模拟和空间分布特征分析

北京时间 2021 年05月21日 21 时48分云南大理州漾濞县(北纬 25.67°,东经 99.87°)发生了 6.4 级地震.本文利用震源破裂过程控制的 NNSIM随机有限断层方法,模拟对比了近场 6 个强震台的加速度、速度、反应谱记录,据此确定了开展近场地震动模拟所需要的参数的大小,进而建立了近断层 200 km范围内的地面运动.分析了漾濞地震近场地面运动的空间分布特征,结果显示此次地震地面运动的峰值速度PGV、峰值加速度PGA以及反应谱分布均表现为圆形分布,无明显的上下盘特征和走向特征,震中极震区峰值加速度超过了 400 cm·s－2 ,对应国家标准烈度Ⅸ度.     

Characteristics of ground cracks caused by the MS 6.4 Yangbi earthquake and the corresponding tectonic significance

An M_S 6.4 earthquake occurred near Yangbi County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, at 21:48 on May 21, 2021. The earthquake location is characterized by complex geological structures, with multiple active faults distributed around the epicenter that is located at the west edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (25.67°N, 99.87°E). A total of 42 ground cracks are found by earthquake field investigations. The cracks are mainly concentrated in the Ⅷ degree area on the west side of the Yangbi River. Among these, 9 coseismic tectonic ground cracks generated by shear fractures are found in three villages (i.e., Akechang, Meijia-Lijia, and Huajiazhuang), which are distributed along the strike of the northwest-trending linear folds, showing the tectonic characteristics of right-lateral tension or left-stepping cracks. The structural attribute of ground cracks sustains the kinematic properties of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault, namely right-lateral strike-slip.