Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Certified Reference Materials (GPt1-7)

Unlike the situation for other elements, few reference materials certified for the platinum-group elements are currently available. Therefore, the GPt1-7 series of PGE geochemical CRMs, prepared by the IGGE, represent an important addition and comprise a range of matrix types, including a soil, stream sediment, Mg-rich ultramafic rock, Fe-rich ultramafic rock, platinoid ore depleted in Cu, Ni and Fe, and a chromitite. The concentration of PGE in these samples ranges over 4-5 orders of magnitude and the samples were shown to have good homogeneity as assessed by a variance test. Analytical methods based on different principles were used in sample certification, including several fire assay and wet chemical procedures used for decomposition and preconcentration. Certified values for the elements Pt, Pd, Os, Ru, Ir, Rh and Au were determined by AAS, catalytic colourimetry (COL), catalytic polarography (POL), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ICP-MS and NAA. Recently, the GPt1-7 samples were approved as national primary CRMs by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China.     

镍矿石和镍精矿标准物质研制

我国镍矿石与镍精矿标准物质较少,镍矿石成分分析标准物质仅有1个,镍含量较高(4.33％),当前已有的标准物质基本用尽,且国际上尚没有镍精矿标准物质.本文研制了3个镍矿石标准物质(GNi-1、GNi-2、GNi-3)和2个镍精矿标准物质(GNi-4和GNi-5).标准物质候选物采自吉林省红旗岭镍矿,将样品粉碎至粒度小于0.074 mm,针对样品硫化物含量较高的特点,在样品加工过程中采用低温和球磨机中充满氩气的保存方法,防止加工过程中产生热量导致硫化物发生氧化,提高样品长期稳定性采用X射线荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对样品的均匀性进行检验,F的实测值小于临界值,相对标准偏差较小,样品均匀性良好;两年内4次测定的分析结果无方向性变化趋势,统计计算结果显示稳定性良好.19家实验室对此批标准物质进行联合定值,Ni采用经典分光光度法、容量法与重量法测定,微量元素采用ICP-AES和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等技术测定,依照ISO导则35和国家一级标准物质研制规范,3个镍矿石标准物质给出了Ni、Cu、S等23种组分的标准值与不确定度;2个镍精矿标准物质的19种组分给出标准值与不确定度,4种组分给出参考值.镍矿石标准物质中镍的含量分别为0.11％、0.33％、1.02％;镍精矿标准物质中镍的含量分别为5.93％、9.01％,形成一个从边界品位、工业品位至镍精矿较为完整的含量系列,能够满足镍矿勘查和选冶对标准物质的需求.     

钼矿石与钼精矿成分分析标准物质研制

钼矿勘查开发与综合利用评价等工作需对其化学成分进行准确测试,标准物质可为分析测试提供基础标准和技术支撑。我国已有的钼矿石和钼精矿标准物质系列性不足,且余量不多,多数样品已耗尽。本文为满足钼矿资源勘查、开发与贸易的总体需求,研制了3个钼矿石和1个钼精矿成分分析标准物质。根据设计的钼含量的梯度范围和钼矿的矿床成因,在钼矿资源储量最多的河南省采集了1个钼尾矿(Mo含量0.02%)、1个钼矿石(Mo含量0.09%)和1个钼精矿(Mo含量50.0%)。3个钼矿石采用重量法组合制备的方式加工,1个钼精矿为原样粉碎加工,钼精矿在加工制备过程向球磨机内充氩气保护,防止硫化物氧化。按照一级标准物质研制规范,采用13家实验室使用多种准确可靠的方法共同定值,定值元素包括成矿元素(Mo),可综合利用元素(W、S、Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、Bi),具找矿和矿产评价意义的微量元素(Ag、As、Cd、Mn、P、Pb、Sb)及构成脉石的主成分(SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O)共计26种。3个钼矿石标准物质Mo的含量分别为0.066%、0.15%、0.54%,1个钼精矿标准物质Mo的含量为50.08%,是已有标准物质的良好补充和完善。标准物质经均匀性和稳定性统计检验具有良好的均匀性和稳定性;标准值计算方法正确,不确定度评定合理,经国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质(编号为GBW 07141~GBW 07144),可用于钼矿的勘查、开发、选冶及贸易中化学成分测试的量值标准与分析质量监控。     

Preparation and Certification of High-Grade Gold Ore Reference Materials (GAu 19-22)

Two types of gold deposit with both good homogeneity and a high-grade of gold were selected to prepare four gold ore reference materials (GAu-19,GAu-20,GAu-21 and GAu-22) by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE),China.Seven laboratories participated in the certification programme. Volumetric methods for GAu19-21 and atomic absorption spectrometry for GAu-22 were used for the homogeneity testing,the coefficient of variation being found to be less than 3%.After sample digestion and preconcentration,the samples were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS),colorimetry,neutron activation analysis (NAA)and volumetric analysis. The certified values for the gold concentration in GAu19-22 are 18.3 μg g -1, 32.3 μg g -1, 53.0 μg g -1 and 5.72 μg g -1,respectively.     

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).     

Usable Values of Nickel Ore and Nickel Concentrate Certified Reference Materials

The preparation and characterisation of three nickel ores and two nickel concentrate certified reference materials are described in this paper. The samples of nickel ore and nickel concentrate were collected from the Hongqiling nickel deposit in Jilin province. The raw materials were crushed and passed through a 2.0‐mm sieve. The rough samples were then ground for 48 hr in a high‐alumina ball mill to a final size of < 0.074 mm. Homogeneity of the samples was tested by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD‐XRF) and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of results on mass fraction measurements by WD‐XRF were < 1.0% m/m for eighteen components. F‐tests showed that all five samples were homogeneous. Nineteen laboratories contributed with measurement results (2127 in total) for the certification of mass fractions for twenty‐three elements and compounds. Twenty‐three components in the nickel ores and twenty components in the nickel concentrates were characterised as certified values, while the Ni mass fractions ranges from 0.1 to 9.02% m/m in these certified reference materials. These five samples were approved as national certified reference materials by the National Organisation of Reference Materials of China in 2012.     

痕量金及金矿石标准物质复制

1986年至2007年期间,中国先后研制了适用于区域地球化学调查、矿产勘查与评价、采矿与选冶等不同工作需求的背景、异常、中等、高含量以及矿化、边界品位、精矿等不同品级的痕量金和矿石金系列标准物质。经过多年使用尤其是近年来使用量的递增,这些标准物质中多数样品已经或已近耗尽,急需研制替代的标准物质。2016—2018年,本文严格按照国家一级标准物质研制的相关规范,开展了7个痕量金(GBW07805、GBW07806、GBW07243～GBW07247)和3个矿石金[GBW(E)070012、GBW07807、GBW07299]地球化学标准物质的复制工作。在全国范围内选采了矿床和介质类型具有代表性的候选物,经粗碎、烘干、组合配置、细碎、过筛、混匀等步骤制备而成。经粒度检查,样品粒径达到0.74μm的累计含量达到99%以上,符合规范要求。本系列标准物质采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)及石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)等经典可靠的分析方法测定金含量,每个样品随机抽取25瓶子样进行均匀性检验测试,相对标准偏差(RSD)均都小于10%,方差检验的F值均小于单尾临界值F_(0.05(24,25))=1.98,表明样品均匀性良好。在一年的考察期内,定值成分未发现统计学意义上的明显变化,证明样品的稳定性良好。由中国5家具有金测试经验、技术力量强的实验室,采用经典可靠的多种测试方法共提供了292组分析数据完成定值测试。原始数据经统计检验并剔除可疑值后符合正态分布,以算术平均值作为标准值,并按照最新规范详细评定了不确定度。复制的标准物质量值准确可靠,不确定度合理。与原批次相比,两个批次的认定值基本一致,定值数据的标准偏差呈缩小趋势,符合标准物质复制的要求。本系列金标准物质含量范围广,适用于不同含量级次的量值比对和分析监控,可以满足地质矿产研究、区域地球化学调查、金矿勘查与评价的需要。     

The Preparation and Characterisation of Two New Geological Survey of Japan Geochemical Reference Materials: Copper ore JCu-1 and Zinc ore JZn-1

Two new geochemical reference materials, copper ore JCu-1 and zinc ore JZn-1 have been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) for the determination of major and minor elements and isotopic compositions. JCu-1 is a sample of Cu-bearing sulfide ore typical of the Kamaishi mine in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and is composed mainly of hedenbergite, chalcopyrite, quartz and calcite. Pyrrhotite, magnetite and actinolitic amphibole were also commonly found. The Zn-rich ore, JZn-1 is a crude ore from the Kamioka Pb-Zn mine in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The sample consists of hedenbergite, quartz, calcite, sphalerite and epidote as main crystalline phase. Homogeneity test results showed that all studied constituents including ore elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn can be considered to be homogeneously distributed. Provisional collaborative analyses were carried out in ten laboratories, and the data were evaluated using a robust statistical method using z-scores. Recommended values for a number of major elements including TiO₂, Al₂O₃, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, Fe (total), Zn, Cu and Pb were established. In addition, information values for eighteen major, minor and trace elements are presented to support future collaborative analyses.     

New Series of Soil Geochemical Reference Materials (GSS 10-16) from the Main Overburden Region in China

Seven soil geochemical certified reference materials (CRMs) GSS 10-16 recently prepared by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE), are mainly used for sample analysis in geochemical surveys of the overburden region in China. Fifteen Chinese institutes and central laboratories, which operated at a high level of analytical performance analysed these samples. More than ten reliable analytical methods based on different principles of measurement were adopted, of which ICP-MS, ICP-AES and NAA were taken as the primary analytical methods. In total, 23715 determinations were carried out, 5660 average data sets were obtained, seventy two elements and components were determined and certified values of sixty nine elements and components were assigned. Rhenium concentrations were measured by isotope dilution ICP-MS in GSS-10, GSS-13, GSS-15 and GSS-16. Certified values of elements in GSS 10-16 have good precision and for 90% of these values relative uncertainties are less than 10%.     

玄武岩标准样品铁铜锌同位素组成

报道了三种玄武岩标准样品(BCR-2、BIR-1a和GBW 07105)的铁铜锌同位素数据。实验使用HNO3-HF混合酸消解玄武岩标准样品;AGMP-1阴离子交换树脂分离提纯样品中的铜铁锌,利用多接收等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)测定铁铜锌同位素比值,分析过程中使用样品-标准-样品交叉法校正仪器的质量分馏。实验得到BCR-2、BIR-1a和GBW 07105标准样品的高精度铁铜锌同位素组成(95%置信水平的不确定度)分别为:δ56FeBCR-2-IRMM014=0.070‰±0.018‰(2SD),δ65 CuBCR-2-SRM976=0.16‰±0.04‰(2SD),δ66 ZnBCR-2-IRMM3702=-0.072‰±0.020‰(2SD);δ56 FeBIR-1a-IRMM014=0.044‰±0.026‰(2SD),δ65CuBIR-1a-SRM976=0.027‰±0.019‰(2SD),δ66 ZnBIR-1a-IRMM3702=0.085‰±0.032‰(2SD);δ56FeGBW 07105-IRMM014=0.126‰±0.039‰(2SD),δ65 CuGBW 07105-SRM976=0.12‰±0.01‰(2SD),δ66ZnGBW 07105-IRMM3702=0.22‰±0.03‰(2SD)。这些数据在误差(不确定度)范围内与国际上已发表的数据是一致的。三个玄武岩标准样品的铁铜锌同位素组成数据的发表为铁铜锌同位素研究提供了统一的标准,使地质样品的铁铜锌同位素数据的质量监控成为可能。     

沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯成分分析标准物质研制

多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)具有致畸、致癌、致突变效应,是优先控制的污染物。污染调查和治理对策的制定依赖于精准的分析测试数据,而标准物质是数据质量控制的重要保证,然而目前现有的相关标准物质无法满足实际需要。本文针对中国主要湖泊和河流分布特点,以及污染特征及沉积物调查现状,严格按照《国家一级标准物质技术规范》(JJF 1006—1994)和《地质分析标准物质的研制规范》(JJF 1646—2017),研制了适合中国环境监测和科学研究需求的多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯分析沉积物标准物质4个。研制过程中,为解决有机化合物标准物质的稳定性技术难点,考察了60Co灭菌和温度对有机化合物稳定性的影响,评估了长期稳定性和短期稳定性,结果表明样品稳定性良好。针对沉积物样品基体复杂的特点,采用不同的提取和净化技术,建立合理的量值溯源链,利用传统的液相色谱法、气相色谱电子捕获器法、气相色谱-质谱法和气相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法等多种分析方法,完成了9家实验室的协作定值。定值指标包括16种多环芳烃、3种有机氯农药和3种多氯联苯,含量范围为8.0ng/g~5.7μg/g,可以满足多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯同时分析的质量保证与质量控制的要求。该系列标准物质已被批准为国家一级标准物质(编号GBW07352~GBW07355),可用于分析方法验证、实验室质量控制、实验室分析能力考核等方面的需要。     

Preparation and Certification of Reference Materials (GBW07397, GBW07398, GBW07399 and GBW07400) for Selenium and Other Trace Element Mass Fractions

The preparation and characterisation of certified reference materials of four selenium‐rich rocks (GBW07397 to GBW07400) are described in this paper. The raw materials were derived from selenium‐rich rocks in two famous seleniferous regions, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province and Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Sample homogeneity and stability were tested by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The determined element mass fractions included selenium, arsenic, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cadmium, lead, vanadium and silver. Except for silver, the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the relative standard deviations of the element mass fractions showed that the four materials exhibited good homogeneity and stability. Ten laboratories were involved in an interlaboratory comparison scheme for certification. Eight element mass fractions in the selenium‐rich rocks were assigned as certified values, while only indicative values were obtained for Ag mass fractions. The certified values and expanded uncertainties for the selenium mass fractions in GBW07397–GBW07400 are 0.96 ± 0.05, 1.03 ± 0.05, 49 ± 4 and 38.5 ± 1.9 μg g^?1, respectively.     

Determination of Chromium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in Milligram Samples of Geological Materials Using Isotope Dilution High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

A simple and accurate method for the determination of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn at μg g^?1 levels in milligram‐sized bulk silicate materials is reported using isotope dilution high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS) with a flow injection system. Silicate samples with Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn spikes were digested with HF‐HBr and Br₂, and subsequently decomposed at 518 K in a Teflon bomb. In this procedure, all sulfides and chromite, major hosts of these elements, were completely decomposed, thus allowing for isotope equilibration between the sample and spike. Magnesium and Al fluorides formed after the digestion of the sample were removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was directly aspirated into a HR‐ICP‐MS at a mass resolution of 7500, where interfering oxide ions, ArO⁺, CaO⁺, TiO⁺, CrO⁺ and VO⁺, were separated from Cr⁺, Ni⁺, Cu⁺ and Zn⁺. No matrix effects were observed down to a dilution factor of 50. Detection limits for these elements in silicate samples were < 0.04 μg g^?1. The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated by the analysis of 13 to 40 mg test portions of USGS and GSJ silicate reference materials with a major element composition ranging from andesite to peridotite, in addition to 8‐23 mg of the Smithsonian reference Allende. Both the reproducibility and the deviation from the reference value for most reference materials of various rock types were < 9%, and thus confirm that the method gives accurate analytical results for small sample sizes over a wide range of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn contents. This method is, therefore, suitable for analysing small and/or precious bulk samples, such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and mineral separates, and for the characterisation of silicate and sulfide minerals for use as calibration samples in secondary ion mass spectrometry or laser ablation ICP‐MS.     

Report on the 2007 Recertification of the Certified Reference Materials GAS (Serpentinite) and OShBO (Alkaline Granite)

A report is presented on the recertification of two certified reference materials (CRMs) initially prepared and certified by the Central Geological Laboratory of Mongolia (CGL), namely serpentinite GAS and alkaline granite OShBO. Subsequent work done in collaboration with the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) followed the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) guidelines for certification (ISO Guide 35, 2006) more closely than had been possible originally. The certification protocol followed was that of the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The recertification added to the number of elements that were certified for OShBO (from 21 to 30), but not for GAS (decreased from 15 to 12) because of the greater analytical difficulties posed by that sample matrix in meeting the more stringent metrological requirements for recertification. Further, the uncertainties for these values were established in accordance with the Guide to Measurement Uncertainty ; individual contributions of heterogeneity and bias are reported as appropriate for each of the certified constituents. Traceability of the certified values was demonstrated to the greatest possible extent, based on concurrent analyses of the matrix-matched existing CRMs, SW and GM, by all participating laboratories. The materials are now available from the CGL for use by laboratories in controlling data quality when analysing materials of similar matrices.     

New Series of Rock and Sediment Geochemical Reference Materials

Certified or reference values for sixty six to sixty seven elements and element oxides are given for geochemical reference materials recently prepared by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (IGGE), including limestone (GSR-13), granitic gneiss (GSR-14), amphibolite (GSR-15), lake sediment (GSS-9) and stream sediments (GSD-1a, GSD-13, GSD-14). These samples supplement the GSR 1-6, GSD1-8 and GSD 9-12 certified reference materials already prepared and characterized by the IGGE.     

Lead Isotope Homogeneity of NIST SRM 610 and 612 Glass Reference Materials: Constraints from Laser Ablation Multicollector ICP-MS (LA-MC-ICP-MS) Analysis

This contribution presents data for laser ablation multicollector ICP‐MS (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) analyses of NIST SRM 610 and 612 glasses with the express purpose of examining the Pb isotope homogeneity of these glasses at the ～ 100 μm spatial scale, relevant to in situ analysis. Investigation of homogeneity at these scales is important as these glasses are widely used as calibrators for in situ measurements of Pb isotope composition. Results showed that at the levels of analytical uncertainty obtained, there was no discernable heterogeneity in Pb isotope composition of NIST SRM 610 and also most probably for NIST SRM 612. Traverses across the ～ 1.5 mm glass wafers supplied by NIST, consisting of between 75 and 133 individual measurements, showed no compositional outliers at the two standard deviation level beyond those expected from population statistics. Overall, the measured Pb isotope ratios from individual traverses across NIST SRM 610 and 612 wafers closely approximate single normally‐distributed populations, with standard deviations similar to the average internal uncertainty for individual measurement blocks. Further, Pb isotope ratios do not correlate with Tl/Pb ratios measured during the analysis, suggesting that regions of volatile element depletion (marked by low Tl/Pb) in these glasses are not associated with changes in Pb isotope composition. For NIST SRM 610 there also appeared to be no variation in Pb isotope composition related to incomplete mixing of glass base and trace element spike during manufacture. For NIST SRM 612 there was some dispersion of measured ratios, including some in a direction parallel to the expected mixing line for base‐spike mixing. However, there was no significant correlation parallel to the mixing line. At this time this cannot be unequivocally demonstrated to result from glass heterogeneity, but it is suggested that NIST SRM 610 be preferred for standardising in situ Pb isotope measurements. Data from this study also showed significantly better accuracy and somewhat better precision for ratios corrected for mass bias by external normalisation to Pb isotope ratios measured in bracketing calibrators compared to mass bias corrected via internal normalisation to measured ²⁰⁵Tl/²⁰³Tl, although the Tl isotopic composition of both glasses appears to be homogeneous.     

滇西北羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩的时代和物源区特征:锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄的制约

滇西北德钦县羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩沉积时代的确定对深入研究羊拉铜矿的矿床成因、形成时代和构造背景具有重要的地质意义。笔者等对羊拉铜矿区里农矿段赋矿围岩绿泥板岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得的碎屑锆石年龄范围为306~2606 Ma,主要年龄峰约为345 Ma、429 Ma、1446 Ma、1515 Ma和1829 Ma。其中约345 Ma的最年轻的主要年龄峰限定了羊拉铜矿床赋矿围岩的沉积时代为石炭纪,并非前人认为的泥盆纪。约345 Ma的岩浆事件最为强烈,对应金沙江洋盆扩张的时代,其伴随的海底火山-喷流沉积作用可能发生于石炭纪,石炭纪的海底火山喷流-沉积作用在羊拉铜矿床的形成过程中起了主导作用,而后期花岗闪长岩体对原生层状铜矿体的叠加改造主要集中于三叠纪。此外,绿泥板岩中约为1446 Ma、1515 Ma、1829 Ma和2423 Ma的古老碎屑锆石年龄峰,暗示了金沙江缝合带羊拉铜矿区变质沉积岩的沉积物源可能来源于扬子陆块。     

Production of Bauxite Certified Reference Material (BARC-B1201) for Nine Property Values (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO,Cr2O3, MgO and LOI) Traceable to SI Units

The National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (NCCCM) / Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), India have produced an Indian origin bauxite certified reference material (CRM), referred to as BARC-B1201, certified for major (Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, loss on ignition - LOI) and trace contents (V₂O₅, MnO, Cr₂O₃, MgO). Characterisation was undertaken by strict adherence to ISO Guides. A method previously developed and validated in our laboratory, using single step bauxite dissolution and subsequent quantitation (of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, V₂O_5, MnO, Cr₂O₃ and MgO) by ICP-AES (SSBD ICP-AES) was used for homogeneity studies and an inter-laboratory comparison exercise (ILCE) of the candidate CRM. LOI was determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Property values were assigned after an ILCE with participation from seventeen reputed government and private sector laboratories in India. The CRM was certified for nine property values: Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, V₂O_5, MnO, Cr₂O₃, MgO and LOI, which are traceable to SI units.     

Determination of the REE in Geological Reference Materials DTS-1 (Dunite) and PCC-1 (Peridotite) by Ultrasonic and Microconcentric Desolvating Nebulisation ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is well suited for the precise, accurate and rapid determination of rare earth elements in most geological samples. However, determination of rare earth elements in certain mantle-derived materials, without applying preconcentration techniques, remains problematical due to low natural concentrations (generally < 1 ng g⁻¹). Consequently, USGS reference materials DTS-1 (a dunite) and PCC-1 (a partially serpentinized harzburgite) have only suggested rather than recommended values for the rare earth elements in reference material compilations. We compared results obtained using two ICP-MS instruments: a U-5000AT ultrasonic nebuliser coupled to a PQ2+ quadrupole ICP-MS and an ELEMENT sector field ICP-MS equipped with a MCN-6000 microconcentric desolvating nebuliser, with the suggested literature values for these two reference materials. Precision and accuracy of analytical methods employed by both instruments were demonstrated by excellent relative standard deviations (< 2%) and inter-laboratory agreement (< 5%) for numerous analyses of BHVO-1 and BIR-1, which are well established with rare earth elements contents at the μg g⁻¹ level. Repeat analyses of DTS-1 and PCC-1 at each laboratory indicate that each method is generally precise to better than 5% at sub-g g⁻¹ levels. Furthermore, values from both instruments generally agree to within 10%. Our DTS-1 and PCC-1 values agree reasonably well with selected data reported in the literature (except for Ce and Sm in DTS-1) but exhibit poorer agreement with reported compilation values. With the demonstrated level of precision and accuracy, we contend that these new values for DTS-1 and PCC-1, generated by two different instruments, are the best estimates of the true whole-rock composition of these samples reported to date.     

广西大厂矿区脉岩的地球化学特征及其构造和成矿意义

位于丹池成矿带的大厂锡矿是我国著名的超大型锡多金属矿田和重要的锡矿产出地。大厂矿区的花岗斑岩和(石英)闪长玢岩脉岩,位于主要矿床的两侧,成群成带分布。花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩是在燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩之后同期或充填时间前后相差不大形成的。花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩均穿过矿体,与围岩的接触带内包含围岩角砾和矿化。花岗斑岩的SiO2、Al2O3、CaO和MgO含量较高,K2O+Na2O含量较低。岩石的氧化度较低,暗示成岩部位较深,属相对还原的成岩环境,其侵位固结前经过充分的演化分异,对成矿有利;闪长玢岩具有碱、铝、钛、镁、铁含量都较高的特点,岩石的氧化度较高。脉岩来源于地壳的重熔;脉岩沿南北向断裂充填形成,侵入时间晚于成矿期;矿床分带特征与脉岩的成岩环境一致;脉岩中丰富的主成矿元素和微量元素及其变化趋势,表明其提供了成矿物质或者其所充填的断裂曾是矿液运移通道,在成矿后才被充填,脉岩本身也为成矿物质提供了来源;石英闪长玢岩具有埃达克质岩特征,可能是由底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融形成,推测有底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融形成的岩浆参与岩脉旁侧多金属矿床的成矿。