南极四种在线GPS定位服务系统的精度比较与分析

针对使用在线GPS定位服务系统处理南极地区GPS数据精度的问题,介绍4种常用在线GPS定位服务系统APPS、CSRS-PPP、gaps以及magicGNSS,分别使用4种在线GPS服务系统对南极地区长期连续(7d)观测数据进行处理,分析其精度与稳定性。将处理结果与相同框架下真值进行比较与分析,发现4种在线GPS服务系统在南极地区解算精度都能达到dm量级,其中APPS与CSRS-PPP两种服务系统在南极地区解算结果的精度与稳定性优于gaps与magicGNSS,可达cm量级。另外,使用4种在线GPS服务系统处理短期(1d以内)观测数据,对得到的解算结果进行分析可以发现3h以上观测时长的数据可以保证稳定的解算精度。     

安卓智能手机的精密单点定位模型研究

针对当前智能手机的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)原始数据质量不佳导致常规精密单点定位(PPP)模型无法有效利用以及缺少智能手机PPP模型测试分析资料等问题,该文以载波加钟差的改进精密单点定位模型为基础,扩展至相应的载波加钟速模型、UofC模型、无模糊度模型、载波二次差模型及星间差分模型,简述了各个模型的特点,并利用华为P10智能手机的GNSS原始数据,测试并分析了各个模型定位精度情况:星间差分PPP模型在短期内(10 min)定位精度最优,平面中误差在1.8 m左右,高程2.1 m左右;改进模型与载波加钟速模型定位精度相当,UofC模型精度稍差;无模糊度模型与载波二次差模型需在Kalman滤波过程中采用降权方式防止其发散,定位精度取决于前期历元的数据质量。     

Impact of sampling rate of IGS satellite clock on precise point positioning

Both static and kinematic testings are investigated by using IGS 5min, 30s and 5s-interval precise satellite clock products in precise point positioning (PPP) solution. Test results show that the sampling rate of IGS satellite clock has very little effect on the static PPP solution. All the three types of sampling intervals of precise satellite clock can satisfy mm-cm level of positioning accuracy; higher sampling rate has no significant improvement for PPP solution. However, sampling rate of satellite clock has a significant impact on the PPP solution in kinematic PPP. The higher the interval of satellite clock, the better the accuracy achieved. The accuracy of kinematic PPP achieved by using 30s-interval precise satellite clock is improved by nearly 30–50 percent with respect to the solution by using 5min-interval precise satellite clock, but using 5s and 30s-interval satellite clock can almost produce the same accuracy of kinematic solution. Moreover, the use of precise satellite clock products from different analysis centers may also produce more or less effect on the PPP solution.     

Impact of sampling rate of IGS satellite clock on precise point positioning

Both static and kinematic testings are investigated by using IGS 5min, 30s and 5s-interval precise satellite clock products in precise point positioning (PPP) solution. Test results show that the sampling rate of IGS satellite clock has very little effect on the static PPP solution. All the three types of sampling intervals of precise satellite clock can satisfy mm-cm level of positioning accuracy; higher sampling rate has no significant improvement for PPP solution. However, sampling rate of satellite clock has a significant impact on the PPP solution in kinematic PPP. The higher the interval of satellite clock, the better the accuracy achieved. The accuracy of kinematic PPP achieved by using 30s-interval precise satellite clock is improved by nearly 30–50 percent with respect to the solution by using 5min-interval precise satellite clock, but using 5s and 30s-interval satellite clock can almost produce the same accuracy of kinematic solution. Moreover, the use of precise satellite clock products from different analysis centers may also produce more or less effect on the PPP solution.     

多卫星系统融合精密单点定位性能分析

随着全球四大卫星导航系统格局的成型,卫星定位系统已从单系统模式发展为如今多系统、多频率融合定位、交互操作的模式。在分析多系统精密单点定位模型及各误差项处理策略的基础上,利用RTKLIB进行GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BDS多系统融合精密单点定位试验,并分析其动/静态定位性能。实验结果表明:在单系统空间几何构型较差的情况下,多系统融合精密单点定位较单GPS定位精度可提高20%~40%,收敛时间可缩短35%~50%;在截止高度角超过40°的情况下,单系统会因可见卫星数量不足而无法完成连续定位,而多系统仍能实现高精度的连续定位。这在城区、山区或卫星遮蔽较严重的不利环境中有重要的利用价值。     

IGS精密星历和钟差对天顶对流层延迟精度的影响

为研究IGS精密轨道和钟差产品对天顶对流层延迟精度的影响,文章利用位于中国北京、上海、拉萨等地的6个IGS跟踪站所提供的2013年4月7日～10日4天的数据,采用GPSTools软件进行实验,计算各跟踪站的天顶对流层延迟(ZTD),并与IGS提供的对流层延迟产品进行对比.结果表明,利用IGS精密轨道解算的ZTD与IGS提供的ZTD相当,两者偏差的平均RMS优于5mm,利用IGS超快速钟差预报部分解算的ZTD与IGS提供的ZTD存在2cm～3cm误差,平均RMS大于1cm.     

Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool in geodetic and geodynamic applications. Although its accuracy is almost comparable with network solutions, the east component of the PPP results is still to be improved by integer ambiguity fixing, which is, up to now, prevented by the presence of the uncalibrated phase delays (UPD) originating in the receivers and satellites. In this paper, it is shown that UPDs are rather stable in time and space, and can be estimated with high accuracy and reliability through a statistical analysis of the ambiguities estimated from a reference network. An approach is implemented to estimate the fractional parts of the single-difference (SD) UPDs between satellites in wide- and narrow-lane from a global reference network. By applying the obtained SD-UPDs as corrections to the SD-ambiguities at a single station, the corrected SD-ambiguities have a naturally integer feature and can therefore be fixed to integer values as usually done for the double-difference ones in the network mode. With data collected at 450 stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) through days 106 to 119 in 2006, the efficiency of the presented ambiguity-fixing strategy is validated using IGS Final products. On average, more than 80% of the independent ambiguities could be fixed reliably, which leads to an improvement of about 27% in the repeatability and 30% in the agreement with the IGS weekly solutions for the east component of station coordinates, compared with the real-valued solutions. An erratum to this article can be found at     

基于SWDC的GPS辅助航空摄影空三加密精度分析

随着GPS技术的不断成熟,GPS辅助航空摄影测量也取得了长足的进展.由于GPS辅助航测只需通过在航摄仪上安置GPS接收机,即能实时获取摄站的空间坐标,从而节省了大量的人力、物力、财力,并且大大缩短了整个航测的作业周期.本文采用GPS辅助航空摄影测量方法,以北京八达岭摄区为例,分别利用PBBA和PATB两种加密软件,设计...