Gottfried Konecny:From draftsman to Professor emeritus-75 years of involvement in photogrammetry and remote sensing

This special issue is dedicated to Prof.Gottfried Konecny(see Figure 1),the former president of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS)on the occasion of his 90th birthday,which he celebrated in good health and spirits in June 2020(see Figure 2).A visionary leader and missionary of global topographic mapping,a world scientist and a world citizen who restlessly built and continues to build sustainable bridges between different generations and different peoples of the globe and a true pioneer of photogrammetry and remote sensing,Konecny has shaped our field of research and development over the last 75 years in ways second to none.He also has a very special con-nection to China,which prompted the Editor-in-Chief of Geo-spatial Information Science to suggest this jour-nal as a very good place to publish this special issue.As the successor of Prof.Konecny at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation of Leibniz University Hannover,it is with great honor,joy and thankfulness that Christian Heipke accepted the invi-tation to be guest editor of this special issue,together with Deren Li.     

Gottfried Konecny:The photogrammetric and remote sensing trend setter

PREFACE There are various publications on the 90th birthday of Gottfried Konecny.His involvement in the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS)is particularly described by others.Here,his forward-oriented impulses in research and development at the former Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Survey of the(Technical)University of Hannover,today Institute for Photogrammetry and Geoinformation,Leibniz University Hannover,and some of his activities supporting developing and other countries by given short-term courses are highlighted.Gottfried Konecny was always one of the first in pushing new technologies.With the analytical plotter AP/C-3,he introduced analytical photogrammetry in Germany.Based on his experience with this not really operational version,he induced the company Zeiss to develop the first really operational analytical plotter Planicomp,which resulted in the end of analog photogrammetric devices and their limitations.At the invitation of Gilbert Hobrough,a mainly hardware-based image correlator was developed for the AP/C-3 in Hannover which anticipated many of today's applications.Gottfried Konecny initiated remote sensing in Germany.Based on his proposal with the Metric Camera Flight on Spacelab,the then highest resolution civil stereoscopic space images available were generated.Despite limited computer performance at his institute,a digital stereo plotter was developed,using hardware components from the cooperating Swedish company Context Vision,long before digital stereo workstations with increased and affordable computer capacity were possible.Also,in the area of GIS,he too,pushed development in collaboration with companies and administrations.Shortly before the end of his time as head of the institute,and more so after he became emeritus professor,he started a series of educational workshops,particularly in developing countries,but also other countries,to support the development of photogram-metry,remote sensing and GIS.He promoted the use of space imagery for mapping to improve the situation of poorly updated topographic maps.     

Gottfried Konecny:the influence in the global development of the three geosciences

PREFACE The paper contains a brief overview of the professional activities of Professor Gottfried Konecny,Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation,Leibniz University Hannover,Germany,and his influence on photogrammetry,remote sensing and geospatial infor-mation science during his time at the University of New Brunswick,Canada,and at the Leibniz University.His work can be divided into educational,scientific,application,organizational,and work in international societies.Additional activities comprised of giving courses in various languages,consultancy activities,and various other cooperations which took place in many South American countries,in Africa and Asia,for organizations such as the World Bank,United Nations,German Space Agency DLR,to name only a few.Activities in connection with international societies mainly took place during Prof.Konecny's engagement in the Council of the International Society for Photogrammetry(ISP),renamed the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories(EARSeL)Bureau.He was a key figure in bringing many countries and organizations to ISPRS as Ordinary and Sustaining Members.Professor Konecny has always been aware of the importance of international cooperation at various levels,also with sister societies such as the International Cartographic Association and the United Nations-Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM).His application activities span from the photogrammetry-oriented projects he was awarded in Canada,to remote sensing topics and geospatial sciences,combined with cartography during his Hannover period.His vision and endless effort are exemplary for a person who has always been devoted to the three geosciences mentioned above.Professor Konecny is the author of a number of books,journal papers and papers presented at international and national conferences.He has been a recognized keynote speaker at many conferences throughout the world due to his vast experience.This paper describes 75 years of a man who is an expert in fields which arose during his academic life.     

Gottfried Konecny:our best friend in photogrammetry and remote sensing of China

Preface Lebenslauf Prof.Dr.-Ing.mult Gottfried Konecny is one of the most respected names in photogrammetry.He is an Honorary Member of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),Honorary Professor of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,and our best friend.     

Gottfried Konecny:the ambassador of photogrammetry and remote sensing for 75 years

A 90th birthday would be a milestone celebration for any person,but exceptionally rare if the person is still active after 75 years of working and serving the photogrammetric and remote sensing communities worldwide.This unprecedented career is the motivation to reflect on the technological developments of the past 75 years in the light of Gottfried Konecny's lifetime achievements.I started to get to know Gottfried not long before he officially retired from the Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Surveys in 1998.Furthermore,I was not even born when he,as a young and talented scholar supported by the Fulbright Scholarship from the US Government,arrived at the Ohio State University(OSU),which has been my professional home for three decades.In the second half of Gottfried's 75-year career,the technological changes have been phenomenal,and,furthermore,shown an accelerating trend in the past few years.It is absolutely remarkable how Gottfried has been able to keep up with these rapid changes and advancing technologies and exploits them for mapping and,in general,for all the users of the geospatial field at large.Additionally,his open-minded and kind personality has been always a major plus to his technical skills and experiences,and ultimately helped him assist many colleagues to advance their careers,and along the way developed and increased the use of geospatial data and systems in support of many countries worldwide.     

空间信息格网研究进展

空间信息格网是信息时代空间信息在计算机及网络环境下的组织形式。20世纪90年代以来,全球范围关于格网的研究由于数据处理手段的改进逐渐兴起,国内外主要在全球格网划分方法、自然社会经济数据空间化等方面进行了探索,表现出概念延伸、内容深入、范围扩展的特点和趋势,由于应用范围的不断扩展,迫切需要系统的理论研究提供有力的支撑。本文也就空间信息格网的体系研究提出初步建议。     

空间信息本体的开发

简单介绍了空间信息本体的概念,从总体上对空间信息本体进行了层次结构的设计,提出了开发空间信息本体的循环过程,对空间信息本体的建立过程作了较详细的探讨,同时结合实例说明了空间信息本体的OWL(OntologyW eb Language,本体W eb语言)描述方法,最后尝试了城市基础空间信息本体的建立。     

空间信息服务质量评价

随着信息技术在测绘领域的广泛应用和信息化测绘的广泛实践,测绘不再只是提供地图或地图数据,而是提供包括空间数据在内的空间信息服务.首先提出空间信息服务质量是由空间数据质量、信息可达度以及信息交互质量三个质量指标决定的,其中每一个质量指标又包括若干下级质量指标,以此构成一个地理信息服务质量的指标树.在构建空间信息服务质量指...     

运用社交网络分析淹水空间信息之关联性

随着社交网络的普遍发展,大量的讯息透过智能手机发布在个人的微博或其他社交网站。台湾地区的社交网站以脸书(Facebook)的使用量最大,平均每天有近千万笔的讯息量,大多数的讯息多以食衣住行或个人讯息为主,但从本研究所撷取自2010年至2015年的数据中显示,公众在社交网站所分享的信息中具有降雨、淹水或相关灾情的讯息,而这些讯息具有极高比例的正确性。由于社交网站无法提供私人讯息,故本研究将从社交信息中,以地点为单位撷取大量的数据信息再辅以语意关键词萃取出有关可作为淹水预判的讯息数据。为检核资料的可性度,本研究透过历史台风数据FLO-2D仿真重建淹水之空间信息进行检核。从研究比对分析中发现,经萃取后的公众信息其与灾害的关联性及正确性相当显着,故透过社交网站中大量的非结构讯息,透过语意及空间的转换,可萃取转化为防灾信息,对广域的都市治理而言,此一讯息将可作为预判区域淹水或防救灾情报之有效参考。     

一种本体驱动的空间信息集成方法

地理空间数据集成是地理信息科学研究的一个重要内容。本文引入地理本体的思想,提出了基于地理本体的空间数据的组织方法,构建了基于本体的空间数据集成框架。本文运用上述方法,通过对烟草地理本体的建模,建立了客观反映烟草地理实体各个层次体系的概念模型,再根据烟草概念和已有地理数据集之间的映射关系,构建基于地理本体的烟草空间数据库,从而实现数字烟草多源空间数据的一体化集成与管理,以及数字烟草空间信息的共享与互操作,达到了很好的应用效果。     

空间信息分层复合分析模型

尺度依赖性、空间依赖性和空间非均质性是空间信息的本质特征,如何在空间分析中综合考虑以上特征目前仍缺少有效方法.本文提出的空间信息分层复合分析模型通过“回归的回归”两阶段分析建立包含空间异质性、空间依赖关系与空间尺度效应的空间单元综合回归模型,有助于解决空间分析中数据的多维复杂性涉及的尺度效应、空间依赖性和空间异质性综合...     

GIS- and RS-based spatial decision support: structure of a spatial environmental information system (SEIS)

Abstract

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management, e.g. forest and agroecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, or hydrological planning, started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s. The combined availability of spatial data and communication, computing, positioning, geographic information system (GIS)- and remote sensing (RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s. The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources, and therefore ecosystems in general, requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database. Spatial data on topography, soil, climate, land use, hydrology, flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available. Therefore, GIS- and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis. In this context, the structure of spatial environmental information systems (SEIS) is introduced. In SEIS, the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven sub-information systems: base geodata information system (BGDIS), climate information system (CIS), soil information system (SIS), land use information system (LUIS), hydrological information system (HIS), spatial/temporal biodiversity information system (STBIS), forest/agricultural management information system (FAMIS). The major tasks of a SEIS are to (i) provide environmental resource information on a regional level, (ii) analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and (iii) simulate scenarios of different impacts.     

智慧时代的空间信息人才培养:挑战与应对

以智慧地理信息服务新兴产业应用岗位需求为目标导向,分析了智慧时代空间信息认知特征与需求,揭示了地理空间信息理解和空间认知在智慧地理空间信息服务中的重要地位,以及未来空间信息人才面临的机遇与挑战;提出了应对智慧地理空间信息服务需求的成果导向创新应用能力本为教育新模式,构建了以智慧地理信息服务项目驱动的OCCE培养途径/任务群,积极探索了新时代测绘地理信息工程教育教学改革方向。     

网格技术与空间信息共享和服务

本文介绍了网格的概念和特点,探讨了空间信息网格及其关键技术,重点讨论网格技术在信息和资源共享以及空间信息服务中的应用前景。作者认为,网格技术的应用及空间信息网格建立,将使空间信息科学领域的前沿问题得到突破,对数字地球、数字城市、公众空间信息服务和电子政务等重大应用目标产生全面和重大的影响。     

地籍管理中空间信息更新的改进方法

提出了地籍空间信息更新的改进方案,通过合理采集外业数据,适当增加多余观测值,确定更精确的坐标转换参数,提高更新的界址点的点位精度,缩小计算机量取面积和实测宗地面积的差值.     

基于云存储的空间信息服务方法

针对如何利用云存储技术提升空间地图瓦片存储与管理的可靠性,突破空间大数据服务与交互操作的瓶颈问题,该文发展了基于Hadoop的地图瓦片服务的基本框架,研究了基于HDFS的地图瓦片存储与访问模型。在GeoServer和OpenLayers开源代码的基础上,实现了基于HDFS的WMTS原型系统,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性;并对比分析了方法的访问性能,验证了该方法的可靠性及可用性。     

多源空间信息集成技术在铁路用地信息管理中的应用

铁路信息化和数据标准化对铁路用地信息管理提出了更高的要求,多源空间信息集成技术是集成各种铁路空间数据、实现铁路用地信息化管理的基础。本文根据铁路用地空间数据的来源和组成,针对数据的多源、多尺度、动态等特点,提出了基于元数据驱动的铁路用地空间数据集成技术框架,设计了三层分布式C/S铁路用地信息系统结构,所构建的"武汉铁路局铁路用地综合信息管理系统"已取得理想的实际应用效果。