Gottfried Konecny:the influence in the global development of the three geosciences

PREFACE The paper contains a brief overview of the professional activities of Professor Gottfried Konecny,Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation,Leibniz University Hannover,Germany,and his influence on photogrammetry,remote sensing and geospatial infor-mation science during his time at the University of New Brunswick,Canada,and at the Leibniz University.His work can be divided into educational,scientific,application,organizational,and work in international societies.Additional activities comprised of giving courses in various languages,consultancy activities,and various other cooperations which took place in many South American countries,in Africa and Asia,for organizations such as the World Bank,United Nations,German Space Agency DLR,to name only a few.Activities in connection with international societies mainly took place during Prof.Konecny's engagement in the Council of the International Society for Photogrammetry(ISP),renamed the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),and the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories(EARSeL)Bureau.He was a key figure in bringing many countries and organizations to ISPRS as Ordinary and Sustaining Members.Professor Konecny has always been aware of the importance of international cooperation at various levels,also with sister societies such as the International Cartographic Association and the United Nations-Global Geospatial Information Management(UN-GGIM).His application activities span from the photogrammetry-oriented projects he was awarded in Canada,to remote sensing topics and geospatial sciences,combined with cartography during his Hannover period.His vision and endless effort are exemplary for a person who has always been devoted to the three geosciences mentioned above.Professor Konecny is the author of a number of books,journal papers and papers presented at international and national conferences.He has been a recognized keynote speaker at many conferences throughout the world due to his vast experience.This paper describes 75 years of a man who is an expert in fields which arose during his academic life.     

Gottfried Konecny:our best friend in photogrammetry and remote sensing of China

Preface Lebenslauf Prof.Dr.-Ing.mult Gottfried Konecny is one of the most respected names in photogrammetry.He is an Honorary Member of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS),Honorary Professor of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,and our best friend.     

Gottfried Konecny:The photogrammetric and remote sensing trend setter

PREFACE There are various publications on the 90th birthday of Gottfried Konecny.His involvement in the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS)is particularly described by others.Here,his forward-oriented impulses in research and development at the former Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Survey of the(Technical)University of Hannover,today Institute for Photogrammetry and Geoinformation,Leibniz University Hannover,and some of his activities supporting developing and other countries by given short-term courses are highlighted.Gottfried Konecny was always one of the first in pushing new technologies.With the analytical plotter AP/C-3,he introduced analytical photogrammetry in Germany.Based on his experience with this not really operational version,he induced the company Zeiss to develop the first really operational analytical plotter Planicomp,which resulted in the end of analog photogrammetric devices and their limitations.At the invitation of Gilbert Hobrough,a mainly hardware-based image correlator was developed for the AP/C-3 in Hannover which anticipated many of today's applications.Gottfried Konecny initiated remote sensing in Germany.Based on his proposal with the Metric Camera Flight on Spacelab,the then highest resolution civil stereoscopic space images available were generated.Despite limited computer performance at his institute,a digital stereo plotter was developed,using hardware components from the cooperating Swedish company Context Vision,long before digital stereo workstations with increased and affordable computer capacity were possible.Also,in the area of GIS,he too,pushed development in collaboration with companies and administrations.Shortly before the end of his time as head of the institute,and more so after he became emeritus professor,he started a series of educational workshops,particularly in developing countries,but also other countries,to support the development of photogram-metry,remote sensing and GIS.He promoted the use of space imagery for mapping to improve the situation of poorly updated topographic maps.     

Development of German-Ukrainian cooperations for education and research in photogrammetry and laser scanning

Since 2011 an intensive international cooperation has been in place between the Institute for Applied Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics(IAPG)at the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Oldenburg,Germany,and various Ukrainian universities.Following an initial contact by Prof.Gottfried Konecny,the first visit was organized,and was followed by many more.In subsequent years an intensive cooperation was established particularly with the National University for Construction and Architecture(KNUCA)in Kiev.In addition to architects and civil engineers,KNUCA also trains geodesists,geo-information scientists and landscape planners.The cooperation today includes the reciprocal exchange of scientists and students,research projects,courses and cooperation at many other levels.In addition,a commercial company has been established,SPM3D LLC,which now employs more than 14 engineers in the field of 3D acquisition,point cloud processing and modeling.This article summarizes the history of the cooperation and presents the results of associated student projects.In addition,results of joint work on the development of a virtual laser scanner are presented,part of a German-Ukrainian initiative to digitize teaching.     

平行摄影测量的精度分析

由于平行摄影测量能够在地下洞室和线型工程中以特殊方式布设基线 ,克服了常规地面立体摄影测量在上述环境下没有足够场地布设基线的缺点 ,因此具有实际应用价值。本文在实验的基础上 ,重点讨论了平行摄影测量的精度 ,得到了一系列重要结论 ,为平行摄影测量的实际应用做好了理论准备。     

Gottfried Konecny:involvement of spatial information sciences in ISPRS disciplines

Preface I am pleased to contribute an article to GSIS to com-memorate the great achievements of Prof.Dr.Gottfried Konecny on the occasion of the celebration of his 90th birthday. I was lucky to work closely with Gottfried as an ISPRS Council member for the first time in 1984 in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,when I was elected as Congress Director of the Kyoto ISPRS Congress to be held in 1988.Gottfried was elected as ISPRS President for 1984～1988.At the first Council meeting under the President Gottfried,he said to all Council members"as we are like a family,I request that we address each other by our first names".If he had not said this,I might have called him Professor Konecny,according to Japanese custom.     

基于四元数的三维空间相似变换解算

提出一种基于四元数构造旋转矩阵、解算三维空间相似变换模型的平差算法。模拟数据试验表明,该算法是稳健的,摄影测量中用四元数构造旋转矩阵具有明显的优越性。     

雷达卫星精密轨道参数确定的研究

利用改进等效中心投影模型,对欧洲空间局资源卫星(ERS)轨道参数予以精改正。为克服各参数之间强相关性的影响,引入了偏最小二乘回归(PLS)方法,取得了较好结果。     

精密单点定位在GPS辅助航空摄影测量中的应用

结合一例航测工程实践,从不同的角度对精密单点定位(PPP)应用于GPS辅助航测的可行性进行了分析。结果表明,PPP的动态定位结果同双差解的符合精度达到cm～dm级,而且将PPP的解算结果应用到GPS辅助空中三角测量中,也取得了同双差方法相当的精度。因此,PPP应用于GPS辅助航空摄影测量中切实可行。     

Three Dimensional Computer Graphic Models by Analytical Photogrammetry

This paper indicates the advantages afforded when an analytical plotter is interfaced with a three dimensional CAD system. Problems associated with combining various data sources (ground survey, aerial and close range photography) of differing quality will be discussed, together with compromises required to idealize the geometry of the real world enforced by a CAD system.
The paper is illustrated by some of the commercial projects undertaken by the Engineering Photogrammetry Unit at City University. Applications of particular financial significance include modelling of petro-chemical plant for different purposes and to various levels of detail and accuracy     

基于沙盘模型的室内摄影测量精度的影响分析

摄影测量的飞速发展与应用使得它成为测绘教学发展的重点,在教学中使用模拟摄影测量系统已经成为各高校的热门选择。本文对室内模拟摄影测量系统的整体使用流程进行了详细的介绍并结合本校室内模拟摄影测量实验数据对基于沙盘模型条件下的模拟摄影测量精度进行分析。     

SAR图像的几何校正

采用Ｋｏｎｅｃｎｙ等提出的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）的构像几何模型并结合数字高程模型（ＤＥＭ）进行了ＳＡＲ图像的几何校正，取得了较好的效果。此外，在定向元素的解算中引入了岭估计，较好地克服了由外方位元素间的强相关引起的方程病态     

大旋角影像的绝对定向方法研究

针对近景摄影测量中影像与地面坐标系间存在大旋转角的问题,在分析现有绝对定向算法的基础上,提出了一种适合大旋转角影像的绝对定向方法,采用奇异矩阵分解获取较准确的角元素初值,并结合最小二乘平差进行粗差剔除和绝对定向精确参数解算。试验表明,本算法计算简单、收敛速度快,具有很好的实用价值。     

微型无人机在“现代摄影测量实习”课程教学改革中的应用

“现代摄影测量实习”是中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院测绘工程专业的重要实习课程,直接关系到学生的测绘技能培养。本文以笔者的教学实践为基础,从教学内容、教学方法、实践过程等方面探讨“现代摄影测量实习”实践中的教学改革问题,以帮助测绘工程专业学生获得良好的现代摄影测量技能,提高其就业与科研核心竞争力。     

AIR SURVEY AND COLONIAL CADASTRAL MAPPING

Abstract

Photogrammetry, terrestrial and particularly aerial, with which the following will exclusively deal, is at the present time employed practically throughout the world for the preparation of maps to every scale. While at the time of the introduction of the system its use was limited to topographical maps, it has been extended in the last fifteen years to the production of cadastral maps. In spite of the conservative. attitude of the cadastral authorities of every country to all innovations, this method has been accepted more and more by such authorities. After the excellent pioneer work of Switzerland, which in the course of time is to produce cadastral maps of half the country (2,000,000 ha.) by means of photogrammetry, Germany, Holland, France, Italy, Spain, and other countries have followed this example, the method being employed in these countries in an ever-increasing degree for cadastral measurement. Although the decision for the use of the photogrammetric method for cadastral measurement has been made in some degree in Europe, the large Colonies, especially those of the British Empire, are still hesitant in this connexion. Investigations which follow hereunder have been made in order to ascertain how far this new method of measurement is useful for Colonial cadastral measurement.     

非测绘专业摄影测量学教学方法探讨

摄影测量学是测绘专业的一门核心课程,也是土地资源管理、GIS等非测绘专业的一门重要选修课.但由于其理论极为抽象、逻辑非常严密,且涉及大量的数学公式推导,学生容易产生畏难心理.本文主要针对非测绘专业的摄影测量学教学方法问题,从教学内容的优化、教学方法的改进和教学实践的强化等方面进行了探讨.     

论摄影测量与工程测量的结合--摄影全站仪+数码摄影机

主要讨论了摄影测量与工程测量集成的具体实现———摄影全站仪,系统阐述了摄影全站仪的几种工作方式、偏置量的检校、摄影全站仪的共线方程等,并提出控制片的概念,大大扩充了数字摄影测量的理论。摄影全站仪充分利用了摄影测量与工程测量的优势,无需在测量现场布设控制点标志,从而实现真正的无接触摄影测量。     

Everything moves:The rapid changes in photogrammetry and remote sensing

Changes in technology are coming at an ever increasing pace.This holds for photogrammetry and remote sensing as well."Everything moves"-this is why I chose this topic to shed some light on some of the recent developments.Naturally,this undertaking can never be complete in the sense of covering all developments in Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.Besides,the impact of Deep Learning in photogrammetry is not mentioned in this paper.This is a very personal account.People may not agree with some of my findings,but this is in the nature of science.In any case,this contribution is meant as a tribute to Gottfried's successful lifelong work.It is not a scientific paper in the traditional sense but rather a collection of thoughts that emerged over the 50 years of my professional career.It is also meant for an audience who has not necessarily a deep photogrammetric expert know-how.     

单幅图像几何量测研究进展

为进一步促进单幅图像几何量测理论和技术的研究深化,拓展其应用领域,对近十年来单幅图像几何量测技术和方法进行了分析和总结。首先总结提炼了单幅图像几何量测的基本原理,即直接几何量测和间接几何量测,论述了各自的数学背景;在此原理下,将单幅图像几何量测方法分为基于单应的量测方法和基于几何关系的量测方法,并对各类算法的原理、约束条件、求解方法进行了详细讨论,阐明了算法的优缺点。     

面向OBE培养理念的《数字摄影测量》课程改革

《数字摄影测量》课程需要学生不仅要掌握基本的理论知识,而且具有较强的实际动手能力.结合武汉大学遥感科学与技术专业的定位,针对国际工程专业认证的具体要求,探讨了《数字摄影测量》课程教学大纲的修订,并设计了一套以产出为导向的学生综合能力培养的考核模式,加强了对学生能力和素质的评价.提出的改革措施对相关专业的培养模式革新有一...