通用型海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表

当前对海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射的计算均采用查找表方式进行,但由于这些查找表是针对特定遥感器生成的,无法直接应用于新的水色遥感器,给实际应用带来一定程度的麻烦,为此提出了一种通用的海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表.首先,详细地推导了加倍法解大气矢量辐射传输方程的基本关系式和实际的计算原理.通过与MODIS精确瑞利散射查找表计算结果比较,证明利用加倍法计算瑞利散射的精度优于0.25%,完全能够满足当前海洋水色遥感大气校正对瑞利散射计算精度的要求,并可以用来生成精确瑞利散射查找表.其次,利用加倍法解大气矢量辐射传输方程,生成了一个通用的海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表,验证结果表明该查找表可用于所有水色遥感器的精确瑞利散射计算,且计算精度优于0.5%.     

中国海洋水色遥感器瑞利散射定标研究

水色遥感是海洋环境监测的主要技术手段之一.对于任何海洋水色遥感器来说,监测其在轨期间的定标系数变化是非常重要的,否则无法得到精确的定量产品.以我国“HY-1B”卫星水色遥感器为研究对象,开展了基于大洋水体上空的瑞利散射定标方法研究,利用通过对SeaWiFS数据叶绿素、离水辐亮度和气溶胶产品进行分析,选择了符合条件的7个海区实施大气瑞利散射定标,根据2010年12月份选定的4个区域定标结果得到不同海区/不同时间获得的定标系数一致性较好,CH1至CH6的定标系数标准差分布在0.9％～2.1％的范围内,因此瑞利散射定标是有效的非现场定标方法,具有较高的定标精度,其总误差在4.09％.     

Estimating the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color

We present a new approach that incorporates two models to estimate the underwater light field from remote sensing of ocean color. The first employs a series of analytical, semi-analytical, and empirical algorithms to retrieve the spectrum of inherent optical properties (IOPs), including the absorption and the backscatter coefficients, from the spectrum of remote sensing reflectance. The second model computes the profile of photosynthetically available radiation E _0,PAR (z) for a vertically homogeneous water column using the information of the retrieved IOPs and the ambient optical environment. This computation is based on an improved look-up table technology that possesses high accuracy, comparable with the full solution of the radiative transfer equation, and meets the computational requirement of remote sensing application. This new approach was validated by in situ measurements and an extensive model-to-model comparison with a wide range of IOPs. We successfully mapped the compensation depth by applying this new approach to process the SeaWiFS imagery. This research suggests that E _0,PAR (z) can be obtained routinely from ocean-color data and may have significant implications for the estimation of global heat and carbon budget.     

“HY-1”卫星COCTS水色遥感器精确瑞利散射算法研究

“HY-1”卫星是我国自主研制发射的第一颗海洋卫星,水色遥感器COCTS具有8个可见光(412,443,490,520,565,670 nm)、近红外通道(750,865 nm)以及2个热红外通道(10.30~11.40,11.40~12.50μm).COCTS遥感器上采用了多元并扫技术用以提高遥感器的信噪比和探测灵敏度,但是由于并扫会带来像元旋转的问题,于是我国“HY-1”卫星水色遥感器COCTS上采用了K镜消旋技术,而K镜消旋技术带来的一个消极影响是偏振响应很大,通过发射前实验室监测结果发现其值达到了8%.     

海洋水色遥感图像伪彩化方法的研究

分析了国内外有关信息伪彩化应用的研究现状后认为:海洋水色遥感图像的伪彩化应该是基于任务的,也只有基于任务的伪彩化才能保证伪彩化结果的准确性。基于任务的伪彩化要求必须从伪彩化相关的3个对象(信息、色彩与用户)所具有的特点出发,确定有针对性的伪彩化实现方案。在综合考虑了伪彩化3个对象的特点后,提出海洋水色遥感图像的伪彩化可以分3种方案进行伪彩化设计,每种方案都有自己的针对性、使用范围及局限性。方案1是针对对海洋信息作定量分析而提出来的,主要用于揭示海洋信息中的高频快变成分,同时兼顾揭示信息中的低频成分,被分析信息的波动幅度不大。方案2是针对对海洋信息作定性分析而提出的,不强求对信息量的准确量化,更多关心的是海洋信息相互间的关系,因此要求色标具有很高的信息表现力。方案3是方案1及方案2的补充,方案1具有定量能力,但总色差较小,对信息的解析能力有限,方案2虽然有较大的总色差,具有较好的解析能力,但只有定性能力,方案3将在保持局部区域的定量特点外,扩大整体的总色差。在伪彩化或可视化设计中,主要是关心数据信息中最引人注意的部分也即突出最重要的部分,在大多数情况下,用户对数据信息的低端及高端更感兴趣,这也是方案3中双反色调色板设计及使用的基础。3种方案的针对性设计将方便伪彩化在水色遥感信息分析中的准确、快捷使用。文章最后通过例子证明,在对海洋水色遥感信息的分析和研究中,选择3个方案中的1种或几种作适当的调整,海洋水色遥感信息可以得到较好的诠释。     

Progress in the application of ocean color remote sensing in China

After many years＇ endeavor of research and application practice, the ocean color remote sensing in China has been growing into a new technique with valuable practicality from its initiate stage of trial research. With the aim of operational service, several kinds of ocean color remote sensing application systems have been developed and realized the long-term marine environmental monitoring utilizing the real-time or near real-time satellite and airborne remote sensing data. New progresses in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing in China are described, including the research of key techniques and the development of various application systems. Meanwhile, according to the application status and demand, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite （ HY-1 B） orbiting on 11 April 2007 and the development of airborne ocean color remote sensing system for Chinese surveillance planes, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color remote sensing application with the unique function in marine monitoring, resources management and national security, etc.     

Study on detection of coastal water environment of China by ocean color remote sensing

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FY-3A/MERSI, ocean color algorithm, products and demonstrative applications

A medium resolution spectral imager (MERSI) on-board the first spacecraft of the second generation of China’s polar-orbit meteorological satellites FY-3A, is a MODIS-like sensor with 20 bands covering visible to thermal infrared spectral region. FY-3A/MERSI is capable of making continuous global observations, and ocean color application is one of its main targets. The objective is to provide information about the ocean color products of FY-3A/MERSI, including sensor calibration, ocean color algorithms, ocean color products validation and applications. Although there is a visible on-board calibration device, it cannot realize the on-board absolute radiometric calibration in the reflective solar bands. A multisite vicarious calibration method is developed, and used for monitoring the in-flight response change and providing post-launch calibration coefficients updating. FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products consist of the water-leaving reflectance retrieved from an atmospheric correction algorithm, a chlorophyll a concentration (CHL1) and a pigment concentration (PIG1) from global empirical models, the chlorophyll a concentration (CHL2), a total suspended mater concentration (TSM) and the absorption coefficient of CDOM and NAP (YS443) from China’s regional empirical models. The atmospheric correction algorithm based on lookup tables and ocean color components concentration estimation models are described. By comparison with in situ data, the FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products have been validated and preliminary results are presented. Some successful ocean color applications such as algae bloom monitoring and coastal suspended sediment variation have demonstrated the usefulness of FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products.     

基于二次散射的水污染遥感模型及其在珠江口水域的应用

根据水中悬浮物、污染物和水分子等的散射和吸收物理机制建模是实现水污染定量遥感的有效途径.基于一次散射的水污染遥感模型简单易行,但在浑浊度较大时其精度不高.在基于一次散射模型的基础上分析了多次散射的能量组成特点,提出再考虑二次散射可使模型的精度显著提高且不至于使模型过于复杂;导出了二次散射的补偿因子,同时给出了考虑二次散射因子的简单计算方法.将该模型应用于珠江口水域的水污染遥感的结果表明,较之基于一次散射的模型,考虑二次散射的水污染遥感模型在精度上有明显改进.遥感提取结果显示,珠江口水域重污染区主要分布在伶仃洋东北部,香港维多利亚港和深圳湾.