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1.
A. Martinelli G. Cifani G. Cialone L. Corazza A. Petracca G. Petrucci 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):875
A procedure for assessing the seismic vulnerability of residential buildings is presented along with the results of its application in an Italian town in Abruzzo (Celano Aq). This procedure is part of a methodological proposal which includes specific studies on expected seismic inputs and site effects analyses. The procedure is based on a simplified collection of data, such as typological features and factors concerning the seismic behaviour of buildings, and provides an estimate of seismic vulnerability and an expected damage forecast using fragility curves. The instruments and methods used for the Celano project are an updated and improved version of those applied to previous vulnerability investigations. This paper demonstrates how this procedure can meet the objectives of the integrated methodology proposed. In fact, the information that can be obtained using this procedure—state of vulnerability, risk analyses and GIS presentations of damage scenarios—could be used in urban planning to reduce seismical risk. 相似文献
2.
A comparison of seismic risk maps for Italy 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Helen Crowley Miriam Colombi Barbara Borzi Marta Faravelli Mauro Onida Manuel Lopez Diego Polli Fabrizio Meroni Rui Pinho 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):149-180
National seismic risk maps are an important risk mitigation tool as they can be used for the prioritization of regions within
a country where retrofitting of the building stock or other risk mitigation measures should take place. The production of
a seismic risk map involves the convolution of seismic hazard data, vulnerability predictions for the building stock and exposure
data. The seismic risk maps produced in Italy over the past 10 years are compared in this paper with recent proposals for
seismic risk maps based on state-of-the-art seismic hazard data and mechanics-based vulnerability assessment procedures. The
aim of the paper is to open the discussion for the way in which future seismic risk maps could be produced, making use of
the most up-to-date information in the fields of seismic hazard evaluation and vulnerability assessment. 相似文献
3.
Macroseismic and mechanical models for the vulnerability and damage assessment of current buildings 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
The European Commission funded the RISK-UE project in 1999 with the aim of providing an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios for European towns and regions. In the framework of Risk-UE project, two methods were proposed, originally derived and calibrated by the authors, for the vulnerability assessment of current buildings and for the evaluation of earthquake risk scenarios: a macroseismic model, to be used with macroseismic intensity hazard maps, and a mechanical based model, to be applied when the hazard is provided in terms of peak ground accelerations and spectral values. The vulnerability of the buildings is defined by vulnerability curves, within the macroseismic method, and in terms of capacity curves, within the mechanical method. In this paper, the development of both vulnerability and capacity curves is presented with reference to an assumed typological classification system; moreover, their cross-validation is presented. The parameters of the two methods and the steps for their operative implementation are provided in the paper. 相似文献
4.
The seismic risk analysis evaluation in the Mediterranean area is one of the main tasks for the preservation of Cultural Heritage and for the sustainable development of Mediterranean cities. The Mediterranean area is characterised by a medium–high level of seismic risk, so that earthquakes are the major cause for the destruction of monuments, residential and industrial buildings. A case history regarding the seismic risk analysis for the city of Catania (Italy) is presented, since the city has been heavy damaged in the past by strong earthquakes such as the 1169 earthquake (XI MCS), the 1542 earthquake (IX MCS), the 1693 earthquake (XI MCS) and the 1818 earthquake (VIII MCS) etc., which caused several thousands of deaths. Fault modelling, attenuation laws, synthetic accelerograms, recorded accelerograms and site effects are considered for the evaluation of the seismic action. Vulnerability of physical environment, related to the presence of cavities and to seismic-induced landslides and liquefaction has been analysed, with special reference to the new modelling of such phenomena and to the application of models to given areas. Soil–structure Interaction has been analysed for some geotechnical works, such as shallow foundation and retaining wall, by means of physical and numerical modelling. The paper deals with the vulnerability of physical environment (landslides, liquefaction, etc.), while the road map continues with the analysis of vulnerability of monuments and buildings, with the aim of the estimation of the seismic resistance required to defend against the seismic action given by the scenario earthquake. For the mitigation of seismic risk, structural improvements of R.C. buildings with different methodology and techniques have been analysed, as well as the guideline for the strengthening of buildings. The work shows that the seismic risk of the city is not a summation of the seismic risk of each building, because the vulnerability of the urban system plays an important role on the seismic risk evaluation of a given city. To this aim the vulnerability of the road infrastructures, lifelines, and urban framework have been also analysed in the project. 相似文献
5.
Carlo Gavarini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(5):480
In the first part the paper outlines the current conceptions relevant to seismic risk for constructions in urban centres analysing seismic hazard, vulnerability and exposure. In the second part there are some details about the vulnerability assessment of ordinary buildings, and about the differences that arise when monumental or historical buildings are in question. Then the concept of seismic scenario is given (third part), so that the specific question of seismic vulnerability of historical centres may be treated (part four), presenting an appropriate methodology recently proposed by the author. Finally part five presents an introduction to the theme of risk mitigation for historical centres and monuments, a very difficult question, where the two aspects of preservation and seismic safety must be considered together. 相似文献
6.
Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
7.
Earthquake risk assessment of lifelines 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kyriazis Pitilakis Maria Alexoudi Sotiris Argyroudis Olivier Monge Christophe Martin 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2006,4(4):365-390
This paper presents the RISK-UE methodology for the seismic risk assessment of utility systems (potable water, waste-water, gas system, telecommunication, electric power) and transportation infrastructures (port, airport, road and railway system). The proposed methodology provides a uniform basis for the reduction of the consequences of lifeline damages in urban areas and an efficient mitigation strategy and prioritization policies for pre-earthquake and post earthquake actions. A detailed inventory for every element at risk together with a reliable seismic hazard assessment, appropriate selection of fragility models, estimation of the “global value” and economical impact of lifeline damages and losses are the main steps of the proposed methodology. The consideration of European distinctive features of lifelines and utility systems in the construction of seismic scenarios and the proposition of fragility curves are among the basic aims of the proposed methodology. Different modules of the methodology were applied in seven pilot cities (Thessaloniki, Catania, Nice, Bucharest, Sofia, Barcelona, Bitola). We present herein few representative examples (case studies) in order to illustrate the methodology and to prove its efficiency. 相似文献
8.
Performance-based methodology for assessing seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a performance-based methodology for the assessment of seismic vulnerability and capacity of buildings. The vulnerability assessment methodology is based on the HAZUS methodology and the improved capacity- demand-diagram method. The spectral displacement (Sd) of performance points on a capacity curve is used to estimate the damage level of a building. The relationship between Sd and peak ground acceleration (PGA) is established, and then a new vulnerability function is expressed in terms of PGA. Furthermore, the expected value of the seismic capacity index (SCev) is provided to estimate the seismic capacity of buildings based on the probability distribution of damage levels and the corresponding seismic capacity index. The results indicate that the proposed vulnerability methodology is able to assess seismic damage of a large number of building stock directly and quickly following an earthquake. The SCev provides an effective index to measure the seismic capacity of buildings and illustrate the relationship between the seismic capacity of buildings and seismic action. The estimated result is compared with damage surveys of the cities of Dujiangyan and Jiangyou in the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, revealing that the methodology is acceptable for seismic risk assessment and decision making. The primary reasons for discrepancies between the estimated results and the damage surveys are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Since 231 B. C.,a total of 15 M6.0 - 7.5 earthquakes have been recorded in the west Beijing basin-range tectonic region( 38.3°- 41.5° E,112°- 116.2° N),a region mainly under the action of tensional normal faulting. In this paper,we calculate the Coulomb stress change of each earthquake and the cumulative Coulomb stress change,and on this basis we analyze the stress triggering of strong earthquakes. The research shows that there are 10 of 14 earthquakes that occurred in the trigger zones,in which the Coulomb stress change is positive,and the trigger rate is 71%. The positive areas of cumulative Coulomb stress change caused by these 15 earthquakes are: middle of northern Liulengshan fault,Northern Huaizhuo basin fault,Xinbaoan-Shacheng fault,Sangganhe fault and Southern Yuxian basin fault. This necessarily increases the seismic risk of these faults and can be used as a reference for future seismic risk analysis in this area. 相似文献
10.
Probabilistic seismic hazard for Mainland Portugal was re-evaluated in order to perform its disaggregation. Seismic hazard
was disaggregated considering different spaces of random variables, namely, univariate conditional hazard distributions of
M (magnitude), R (source-to-site distance) and ε (deviation of ground motion to the median value predicted by an attenuation model), bivariate conditional hazard distributions
of M–R and X–Y (seismic source latitude and longitude) or multivariate conditional hazard distributions of M–R–ε and M–(X–Y)–ε. The main objective of the present work was achieved, as it was possible, based on the modal values of the above mentioned
distributions, to characterize the scenarios that dominate some seismic hazard levels of the 278 Mainland Portuguese counties.
In addition, results of 4D disaggregation analysis, in M–(X–Y)–ε, pointed out the existence of one geographic location shared by the dominant scenario of most analyzed counties, especially
for hazard levels correspondent to high return periods. Those dominant scenarios are located offshore at a distance of approximately
70 km WSW of S. Vicente cape. On the other hand, the lower the return period the higher is the number of modal scenarios in
the neighbourhood of the analyzed site. One may conclude that modal scenarios reproduce hazard target values in each site
with great accuracy enabling the applications derived from those scenarios (e.g. loss evaluation) to be associated to a hazard
level exceedance probability. 相似文献
11.
Seismic hazard assessment of the Province of Murcia (SE Spain): analysis of source contribution to hazard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the Province of Murcia in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral
accelerations [SA(T)] is presented in this paper. In contrast to most of the previous studies in the region, which were performed for PGA making
use of intensity-to-PGA relationships, hazard is here calculated in terms of magnitude and using European spectral ground-motion
models. Moreover, we have considered the most important faults in the region as specific seismic sources, and also comprehensively
reviewed the earthquake catalogue. Hazard calculations are performed following the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment
(PSHA) methodology using a logic tree, which accounts for three different seismic source zonings and three different ground-motion
models. Hazard maps in terms of PGA and SA(0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 s) and coefficient of variation (COV) for the 475-year
return period are shown. Subsequent analysis is focused on three sites of the province, namely, the cities of Murcia, Lorca
and Cartagena, which are important industrial and tourism centres. Results at these sites have been analysed to evaluate the
influence of the different input options. The most important factor affecting the results is the choice of the attenuation
relationship, whereas the influence of the selected seismic source zonings appears strongly site dependant. Finally, we have
performed an analysis of source contribution to hazard at each of these cities to provide preliminary guidance in devising
specific risk scenarios. We have found that local source zones control the hazard for PGA and SA(T ≤ 1.0 s), although contribution from specific fault sources and long-distance north Algerian sources becomes significant
from SA(0.5 s) onwards. 相似文献
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本文在对西藏东南部各县的建筑类型、数量、易损性调查的基础上,对不同类型的建筑建立了模式类向量,使用三维图像模式识别技术估计了各类型建筑在西藏东南部各县市的数量分布,建立了不同建筑物的结构易损性和人口易损性模型,并且估算了西藏东南部各县在遭遇一次设定地震时的损失分布和基于危险性的未来50年可能的损失分布情况.本文研究表明,若曲松—桑日发生7.5级地震,可能造成拉萨、山南两市较重的人员伤亡,其中曲松县和乃东区伤亡最重.西藏东南部未来50年建筑地震风险最高的地区是拉萨市区、林芝市区和错那县,其中拉萨市区的建筑财产损失风险最高. 相似文献
15.
Fragility curves constitute the cornerstone in seismic risk evaluations and performance-based earthquake engineering. They describe the probability of a structure to experience a certain damage level for a given earthquake intensity measure, providing a relationship between seismic hazard and vulnerability. In this paper a numerical approach is applied to derive fragility curves for tunnel shafts built in clays, a component that is found in several critical infrastructure such as urban metro networks, airport facilities or water and waste water projects. The seismic response of a representative tunnel shaft is assessed using tridimensional finite difference non-linear analyses carried out with the program FLAC3D, under increasing levels of seismic intensity. A hysteretic model is used to simulate the soil non-linear behavior during the seismic event. The effect of soil conditions and ground motion characteristics on the soil-structure system response is accounted for in the analyses. The damage is defined based on the exceedance of the concrete wall shaft capacity due to the developed seismic forces. The fragility curves are estimated in terms of peak ground acceleration at a rock or stiff soil outcrop, based on the evolution of damage with increasing earthquake intensity. The proposed fragility models allows the characterization of the seismic risk of a representative tunnel shaft typology and soil conditions considering the associated uncertainties, and partially fill the gap of data required in performing a risk analysis assessment of tunnels shafts. 相似文献
16.
1833年云南省昆明市嵩明杨林地区发生了1次强烈地震,震级被定为8级,这也是迄今为止云南省震级最大的地震。本文选取该地震震中一带为研究区(24.7°~25.5°N,102.3°~103.3°E),采用网格点密集值计算方法对研究区1966年以来仪器记录的地震进行了计算。根据地震密集等值线图确定研究区有2个地震密集区。通过不同的时窗分析了密集区内地震活动的时间分布特征。利用地震密集时空分布特征与历史强震间的关系,给出了1833年嵩明8级地震震中位置校正的建议。此外,还通过地震密集时空动态变化分析发现,21世纪以来研究区地震密集由NE逐渐向SW方向发展。该现象可能在一定程度上反映出区域应力的变化特征。 相似文献
17.
The contribution reviews basic concepts of earthquake hazard assessment for sites of nuclear power plants. Taking into account the delineation of earthquake source regions, intensity-frequency relations, upper intensity thresholdsI
max and intensity attenuation curves, we determine the seismic hazard for a site in south Bohemia and calculated the quantities defining the seismic hazard, i.e. return period in years, probability of exceedance for different intensities and different periods of interest. The adopted procedure has some limitations due to the poor definition of seismogenic zones (boundaries,N(I),I
max) and lack of strong motion observations in Central Europe.Communication presented at the XVII General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission in Budapest, 21–29 August 1980. 相似文献
18.
全国尺度的城市建筑地震风险评估对城市防震减灾工作有着重要意义。本文根据全国人口普查和城市统计年鉴等给出的宏观指标建立城市建筑数据库,通过GEAR1方法(Global earthquake activity rate model 1)和第五代中国地震动参数区划图给出具体场地的地面运动强度,通过地面坡度与剪切波速的对应关系确定的场地类别来考虑地震动输入,采用城市抗震弹塑性分析方法建立建筑分析模型,通过地震经济损失风险指标和建筑严重破坏和倒塌风险作为风险评价指标,给出中国大陆主要城市建筑地震风险分布图。结果分析表明,本文方法可以基于可公开获取的数据预测全国不同城市的建筑震害风险;根据第五代地震动参数区划图给出的地面强度,地震经济损失高风险区主要是设防加速度0.3g以上地区;考虑城市人口、GDP因素后,中、东部城市因人口和财富密度较高,建筑地震风险增加明显;不同地震动选波对经济损失风险影响较小,而对倒塌风险影响较大。本文分析方法可以为城市建筑地震风险分析提供相关参考。 相似文献
19.
Sergio Lagomarsino 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2006,4(4):445-463
In all European countries the will to conserve the building heritage is very strong. Unfortunately, large areas in Europe are characterised by a high level of seismic hazard and the vulnerability of ancient masonry structures is often relevant. The large number of monumental buildings in urban areas requires facing the problem with a methodology that can be applied at territorial scale, with simplified models which need little easily obtainable, data. Within the Risk-UE project, a new methodology has been stated for the seismic vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings, which considers two different approaches: a macroseismic model, to be used with macroseismic intensity hazard maps, and a mechanical based model, to be applied when the hazard is provided in terms of peak ground accelerations and spectral values. Both models can be used with data of different reliability and depth. This paper illustrates the theoretical basis and defines the parameters of the two models. An application to an important church is presented. 相似文献
20.
Highway bridge seismic design: Summary of FHWA/MCEER project on seismic vulnerability of new highway construction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a large, multi-year project conducted by the Multidisciplinary Center
for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) titled “Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway Construction” (MCEER Project 112),
which was completed in 1998. MCEER coordinated the work of many researchers, who performed studies on the seismic design and
vulnerability analysis of highway bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures. Extensive research was conducted to provide
revisions and improvements to current design and detailing approaches and national design specifications for highway bridges.
The program included both analytical and experimental studies, and addressed seismic hazard exposure and ground motion input
for the U.S. highway system; foundation design and soil behavior; structural importance, analysis, and response; structural
design issues and details; and structural design criteria.
Supported by: the Federal Highway Administration under contract number DTFH61-92-C-00112. 相似文献