小西弓金矿区地球化学勘查方法对比

小西弓金矿是干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观区北山区段重要的金矿床。选择具干旱荒漠景观区典型特征的小西弓金矿床及其外围开展地球化学勘查方法技术的对比,系统研究了土壤测量和水系沉积物测量中风积物的干扰特点、测量的效果和适用性。结果表明,在小西弓金矿区及与其相似的干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观区开展地球化学勘查应首选土壤测量。     

大兴安岭北部富克山地区勘查地球化学工作方法探索

大兴安岭北部为典型的森林沼泽景观区,勘查地球化学找矿方法在该区找矿工作中起到了重要作用,这一特定的景观内大区自然环境相同,而局部地质、地貌条件、植被发育程度、风化程度等各有差异,必将影响工作方法的选择及其应用效果.通过富克山地区1/5万水系沉积物测量及后期查证的工作,以生产与试验相结合,对水系沉积物测量及后期土壤地球化学测量工作方法进行了探索研究,取得了较好的应用效果.认为富克山地区应属中低山森林沼泽亚景观区,水系沉积物测量采样介质可以采用细砂、粉砂、岩屑,野外样品初加工方法为水筛,野外样品初加工粒级为-10~+60目.二级查证1/万土壤地球化学（剖面）测量,采样层位为B层,介质以褐黄色、土黄色土壤为主,初加工粒级为-40目,初加工方法为干燥后过筛.     

土壤地球化学测量在智利塔拉帕卡大区地质勘查中的应用

为验证土壤测量在智利北部干旱荒漠景观区的应用效果,通过土壤粒度试验,确定工作区土壤样品采集层位为B层或B+C层,样品加工粒级为-40目,并根据测量结果圈定了Cu、Au等多处异常,各元素异常浓集中心与已知铜矿体吻合较好,经异常查证发现了新矿体,证实土壤测量在该区找矿效果显著.但工作区干旱荒漠景观不利于地球化学异常的形成,1∶5万土壤测量对异常的控制作用有限,对于规模较小的矿体,宜采用更大比例尺的土壤测量.     

油气化探中热相态碳酸盐指标的研究

土壤碳酸盐△C测量法已成为国内石油化探的一个主要方法,已在地表油气化探不同测量阶段(概查,普查,详查)中使用,并取得了较好的效果,但也发现该法在某些地区测量时地球化学异常不明显.为提高△C测量法的效果使其在不同景观区均获得好的显示,我们进行了较为深入系统的基础性实验研究.本文详细介绍了研究结果,指出了△C法效果差的原因,并提出了在不同景观区采用不同热相态碳酸盐作为有效指标,代替过去仅用△C一个指标进行测量的新方法.     

1:20万区域化探方法核心技术"取样粒级"的讨论

内蒙古区域化探扫面采用水系沉积物测量(或土壤测量),取粗粒级样品,取得了较好的地质找矿效果,但局部景观区找矿效果受到了一些影响.我国南北方水系沉积物中元素含量呈"U"形分布,反映了南北方不同的风化类型,以及所取不同粒级样品的物质成分也不同;取粗粒级和细粒级样品均可能有化探异常显示,采用-5～+20目(0.9 mm≤A＜4 mm)和-120目(A＜-0.125 mm)组合粒级作为采样粒级.为提高工效,取样时可以采用-5目(或-20目)全粒级物质,也能获取更多的找矿信息.这种取样粒级技术,也适宜于全国各种不同的景观区的不同尺度的水系沉积物测量和土壤测量的化探工作.     

北山干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观1∶5万地球化学勘查方法技术的选择

在甘肃北山干旱荒漠戈壁残山景观区选择试验区,开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量和土壤测量工作。对比结果认为,两种方法均可在该类景观区圈定出明显、完整的矿致异常。在残山和剥蚀戈壁相间分布区,土壤测量较水系沉积物测量覆盖面积大,异常强度高,效果好,缺点是较水系沉积物测量的工作量大。实际工作时,可根据工区水系发育情况合理采用两种方法。     

地球化学勘查在黑龙江省陆角岭区地质找矿中的应用

森林沼泽景观区1:5万水系沉积物地球化学测量是在森林沼泽区进行地球化学勘查的重要方法之一,在陆角岭工作区,应用水系沉积物测量、土壤测量查证工作,找矿效果显著.     

地电化学测量找寻隐伏矿床的研究及找矿预测

对不同景观条件下的隐伏Pb、Zn、Sn、Au和As等多金属矿床开展了电提取测量技术、找矿效果、找矿预测等方面的研究,取得了明显的找矿效果.在未知区的找矿预测中发现多处有意义的电提取综合异常,有的异常已验证见矿,说明该方法是有应用前景的.     

内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠草原景观区岩屑地球化学测量的方法技术及应用效果

内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠草原景观区选择B层-5～+40目粗粒级段的风化岩屑样品可以有效地排除风成沙的干扰,突出成矿及指示元素的地球化学异常特征.文中介绍了该景观条件下开展岩屑地球化学测量的方法技术,分析了白音查干矿区、油房西矿区和小东沟矿区的化探异常特征和找矿成果.认为在半干旱荒漠草原景观区开展岩屑地球化学测量是行之有效的找矿方法,已取得了明显的化探异常圈定和地质找矿效果.     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿的发现——化探找矿实例

在干旱高山景观区,以4点/km2的采样密度,选择-20～ 120目粒级段为初加工粒级,开展1:5万水系沉积物地球化学测量.以1:2.5万沟系土壤测量对1:5万水系沉积物异常进行检查,可达到快速、经济、准确圈定矿化范围的目的.研究结果证明,在干旱高山景观区化探是行之有效的找矿方法.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.