水分梯度下不同地理种群红砂叶片生理特征比较研究

 选取甘肃省不同地域的天然红砂种群进行叶片生理生化指标比较分析研究。结果表明：自东向西水分梯度递减条件下,不同地理种群叶片膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量增多,同时伴随着超氧物自由基(O-·2)的产生速率提高,相应诱导了SOD、POD和CAT酶活性升高,渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加,但酒泉点SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均有降低的趋势;除武威点外,其余各样点红砂叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量相差均不大。     

模拟氮沉降和降水变化对红砂（Reaumuriasoongorica）、珍珠猪毛菜（Salsolapasserina）生理的影响

氮素和水分是植物生长的重要环境限制因子,尤其是在受养分和水分限制的荒漠生态系统。氮沉降和降水格局变化对荒漠植物的影响是近年来的研究热点。以单生红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、单生珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)和混生红砂-珍珠猪毛菜3种生长方式的一年生红砂和珍珠猪毛菜幼苗为研究材料,采用盆栽试验,研究施氮水平(0、4、8 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))和降水处理(W-30%、W、W+30%)对红砂和珍珠猪毛菜抗氧化酶及渗透调节物质等生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)氮水耦合均显著降低不同生长方式下红砂和珍珠猪毛菜的丙二醛(MDA)含量。(2)在降水减少和正常降水下增施氮肥更能显著提高红砂和珍珠猪毛菜的抗氧化能力。(3)两种植物的可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均在高氮与降水减少交互处理下含量较高,说明增施氮肥能提高干旱条件下植物的渗透调节物质,提高其抗旱能力。(4)混生红砂的MDA含量显著高于单生红砂,而珍珠猪毛菜相反,且增施氮肥和降水增加交互能降低红砂混生下MDA增加的幅度和使混生珍珠猪毛菜的MDA减少幅度增大。(5)混生均使二者过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高,而过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性反而降低,混生红砂是以提高可溶性蛋白含量来增强其渗透调节能力,而混生珍珠猪毛菜则是增加脯氨酸含量,且水氮处理下能更好地维持混生红砂和珍珠猪毛菜的抗氧化和渗透调节能力。     

荒漠植物红砂在持续干旱胁迫下的光保护机制研究

红砂（Reaumuria soogorica）是一种广泛分布于中国半荒漠地区的多年生半灌木,自然生境下具有很强的耐旱、耐高温和高辐射的能力。本实验在人为控制水分进行持续干旱胁迫的过程中,通过测定红砂的气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化来研究红砂干旱胁迫下的光保护机制。结果表明,土壤相对含水量下降的过程中,红砂叶片水势也相应地下降;净光合速率（Pn）的日变化由‘双峰型’逐渐趋向‘单峰型’;水分利用效率（WUE）随着干旱程度的增加而升高,植物接近休眠时下降;净光合速率 (Pn)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率 (Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ非循环式电子传递效率(ΦPSⅡ)在中午都明显降低;干旱胁迫下初始荧光(F0)出现明显的升高,日变化趋势为先上升后下降。说明红砂在干旱期间,采取了依赖于叶黄素循环的热能耗散和PSⅡ反应中心可逆失活两种光抑制的保护机制来度过干旱维持生存。     

土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响

研究了土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响,结果显示：（1）土壤含水量的下降导致马铃薯幼苗叶片含水量和叶绿素含量降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量、相对电导率（REC）及超氧阴离子（O₂^-·）产生速率升高,抗氧化酶活性增强,株高、茎粗、根长、匍匐茎数、地上部分干重降低,马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质、Vc含量下降;（2）不同水分条件下增施适量磷肥,显著提高了马铃薯叶片含水量、叶绿素含量,相对增强了抗氧化酶活性,降低了相对电导率、MDA含量和活性氧水平,且马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质和Vc含量显著增加。（3）比较包括对照在内的6种磷肥增施量,增施15.3 g·m^-2磷肥对马铃薯幼苗抗旱性及生长发育的促进效果最佳。综上所述,干旱胁迫显著抑制了马铃薯幼苗生长发育,而增施适量磷肥可通过提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫下马铃薯幼苗叶片的脂质过氧化程度及细胞膜损伤,减轻干旱对生长发育的抑制,增强植株整体抗旱性。     

4种荒漠植物的抗氧化系统和渗透调节的季节变化

研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘4种荒漠植物的水势、渗透调节物质和抗氧化系统的季节变化。结果表明,4种荒漠植物的清晨水势和午后水势的最低值出现在7月,最高值出现在6月,说明在此区域,6月植物的水分状况相对较好,7月植物的水分状况最差。骆驼刺的MDA含量和活性氧（O-2和H2O2）积累随着季节变化均呈上升趋势,表明骆驼刺的膜脂过氧化和膜伤害随季节推进逐渐加剧;柽柳、花花柴和沙拐枣的MDA含量和活性氧积累最高峰值分别出现在7月、7月和8月,说明在水分亏缺最严重的7月和8月,植物面临的膜脂过氧化程度亦最高。4种植物的渗透调节物质积累和抗氧化酶活性的变化,与膜脂过氧化几乎同步。其中,柽柳是以脯氨酸和可溶性糖两者的积累来调节细胞质渗透势以适应极端环境,脯氨酸的积累是沙拐枣应对水分胁迫的主要物质之一,骆驼刺是以可溶性糖的积累来应对水分亏缺,花花柴这两者含量都不高,分析可能是以无机离子作为渗透调节物质。4个月SOD、POD和CAT活性的均值排序均为柽柳>沙拐枣>骆驼刺>花花柴,说明在整个生长季中,柽柳的活性氧积累最为严重,其保护酶SOD、POD和CAT对活性氧的清除均起到关键作用。     

钠盐对冬小麦抗旱性增效作用调控机理的生理生态学分析

以冬小麦（烟台-2070）为实验材料,苗期对冬小麦进行不同浓度钠盐(NaCl、Na2CO3、Na2SO4)处理,在随后进行的干旱胁迫和复水过程中进行叶片抗逆生理指标变化对比分析,以期探究盐处理在提高小麦抗旱性中的作用和生理调节机理,为未来干旱区农业实施盐水灌溉提供理论依据。实验采用盆栽法,将冬小麦种子盆栽,待长到第7天进行不同浓度钠盐(70 mM, 135 mM, 200 mM, 270 mM)预处理8 d, 然后进行干旱胁迫12 d和复水5 d。分别在盐处理的第4天,第8天,干旱胁迫的第4天,第8天,第12天,以及复水第5天,从不同盐处理中采集冬小麦叶片,分析叶片相对含水量、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活力[超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢（CAT）、过氧化物酶(POD)]的动态变化,同时测定土壤含水量。结果表明,在干旱胁迫过程中,未经盐处理的对照组和低浓度(70 mM)NaCl、Na2CO3、Na2SO4溶液处理的土壤,土壤含水量急剧下降,同时冬小麦叶片相对含水量也相应的急剧下降;而用较高盐浓度处理的土壤和冬小麦叶片含水量降低较慢。在干旱胁迫过程中,对照组冬小麦在短时间（6 d）内干旱叶片便出现萎蔫,并伴随着丙二醛、脯氨酸含量、SOD等抗氧化酶活力急剧增加并一直高于盐处理的冬小麦。相反高浓度盐处理的冬小麦在干旱处理12 d时叶片直立生长良好,叶片MDA、抗氧化酶活力均增加,但增加幅度均低于对照。脯氨酸含量随干旱胁迫增加,但随盐处理浓度增加而上升幅度减小。在复水处理5 d后,叶片含水量均增加,MDA和脯氨酸含量下降,但抗氧化酶活力仍增高。荒漠环境土壤中盐离子一方面可提高土壤和植物的保水率,提高水分利用率,另一方面激活体内的抗氧化酶系统使植物较早获得抗逆能力,这可能是荒漠植物多抗逆性形成的部分生理生化原因。     

火龙果与量天尺对岩溶土壤干旱的生理响应研究

近年来火龙果大面积在岩溶区种植,岩溶干旱是否对其生理过程产生影响,对于规划和管理这种热带水果具有重要科学意义。本研究通过试验对比研究火龙果及其近缘野化种量天尺的生理生化过程对不同水分水平的响应,阐明这两种植物的适应干旱机制。结果表明,两种植物随土壤水分下降生理生化变化过程基本一致。随着土壤干旱的加剧,有害物质丙二醛增加,但同时两种保护酶（SOD和POD）和渗透调节物质Pro也随之增加;在相对含水量>50%,保护酶能有效清除代谢毒素, Pro也能通过渗透调节维持水分需要;但是当相对含水量<40%时,保护酶的保护功能下降。叶绿素通过光合作用形成生物量,在相对含水量为70%-80%时生物量最大,此时根冠比小,地上生物量最大;土壤相对含水量为30%-40%时生物量显著下降,两种植物的降幅分别达到73.28%和73.56%。因此在岩溶地区发展火龙果,土壤水分控制在相对含水量为70%-80%为最佳,有利于水果产量的形成;中度水分不足,虽然植物通过代谢调节和平衡不利因素,但却分配较多的生物量到根系,降低地上生物量,从而不利于水果产量的形成。     

火龙果与量天尺对岩溶土壤干旱的生理响应研究（英文）

近年来火龙果大面积在岩溶区种植,岩溶干旱是否对其生理过程产生影响,对于规划和管理这种热带水果具有重要科学意义。本研究通过试验对比研究火龙果及其近缘野化种量天尺的生理生化过程对不同水分水平的响应,阐明这两种植物的适应干旱机制。结果表明,两种植物随土壤水分下降生理生化变化过程基本一致。随着土壤干旱的加剧,有害物质丙二醛增加,但同时两种保护酶(SOD和POD)和渗透调节物质Pro也随之增加;在相对含水量50%,保护酶能有效清除代谢毒素,Pro也能通过渗透调节维持水分需要;但是当相对含水量40%时,保护酶的保护功能下降。叶绿素通过光合作用形成生物量,在相对含水量为70%-80%时生物量最大,此时根冠比小,地上生物量最大;土壤相对含水量为30%-40%时生物量显著下降,两种植物的降幅分别达到73.28%和73.56%。因此在岩溶地区发展火龙果,土壤水分控制在相对含水量为70%-80%为最佳,有利于水果产量的形成;中度水分不足,虽然植物通过代谢调节和平衡不利因素,但却分配较多的生物量到根系,降低地上生物量,从而不利于水果产量的形成。     

干旱程度对C3植物红砂和C4植物珍珠光合生理参数的影响

 C3和C4植物混生在草地生态系统中较多,而在荒漠生态系统少见。在中国荒漠地区,C3小灌木红砂和C4半灌木珍珠在特定生境下混生在一起,以独特方式适应高温强光和干旱的极端环境。通过在不同干旱程度下测定它们生长期叶片的光合气体交换参数,探讨它们在混生条件下对极端环境的生理响应特征。结果表明,红砂的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)、气孔导度(Gs)均要高于珍珠;而珍珠的水分利用效率(WUE)则要高于红砂。这表明珍珠和红砂在水分匮乏的荒漠生境下采取了不同的生存策略。红砂通过维持较高净光合速率和较高蒸腾速率来生存;而珍珠则通过高水分利用效率生存。     

盐胁迫对濒危植物长叶红砂抗氧化系统的影响

以长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)幼苗为研究对象,测定了不同浓度NaCl溶液胁迫30 d的长叶红砂叶片抗氧化特征参数和自由基及膜脂过氧化指标含量,以探讨长叶红砂抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的适应机制。结果显示,高盐胁迫下长叶红砂叶片O-2的产生速率显著上升,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率都在低盐浓度下降低,高盐浓度下随着盐浓度的增加而增加;长叶红砂叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随盐胁迫加剧而显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化较小;随盐浓度的提高谷胱甘肽的基本含量显著提高,抗坏血酸盐的含量在降低。研究表明,长叶红砂叶片中SOD、POD和谷胱甘肽在防御盐胁迫引起的氧化性损害中起到了显著保护作用。     

Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzyme, photosynthetic pigment and flavonoid pathway in two desert shrubs

Antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, and free malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as flavonoid content and the key enzyme activity in the flavonoid pathway were determined in two desert shrubs, Caryopteris mongolica Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. under drought stress. The free MDA content was enhanced during the experimental period, which may be an indicator of oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in C. mongholica showed a significant increase during the experiment, but catalase (CAT) activity was slightly decreased. On the other hand, POD and APX activities showed a significant increase and SOD and CAT activity data had no significant changes in R. soongorica. APX, SOD, and CAT activities were higher in R. soongorica than in C. mongholica, but MDA content was lower, indicating that the lower values of MDA were attributed to higher activities of antioxidant enzyme in R. soongorica. Chlorophyll content decreased significantly in the two shrubs during the experiment, which indicated that there was a photoprotection mechanism through reducing light absorbance by decreasing pigments content. Caretonoids content increased in C. mongholica and decreased in R. soongorica. The ratio of Chla/Chlb decreased significantly but caretonoids/Chl revealed a significant increase in the two shrubs, which could be explained as no decrease of peripheral light-harvesting complexes and a higher tolerance to drought. Total flavonoid content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) showed different changes between C. mongholica and R. soongorica after treatment. These values decreased in R. soongorica and increased in C. mongholica except for PAL activity. However, anthocyanin content increased in the two shrubs, indicating that there was a different regulation response in the flavonoid pathway in the two shrubs under drought stress, and anthocyanin should be an important antioxidant both in the shrubs. Our results demonstrated the different responses of antioxidant defense and drought tolerance ability between the two shrubs.     

Involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress

Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It can survive severe environ- mental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat. Thus, we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R. soongorica to saline environments. R. soon- gorica was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaC1 solutions for 14 days. Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaC1 solution, and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment. The levels ofpe- roxidation of lipid membranes （measured by malondialdehyde content） and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） increased under salt stress. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited sig- nificant increase under 400 mM NaC1. However, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and Chalcone isomerase （CHI） decreased under salt stress. These findings possibly suggest that R. soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducin~ the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.     

Physiological responses and adjustment mechanisms of the dominate species of natural vegetation of Eastern Tengger Desert

Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina have significant differences in ecophysiological characteristics, which change with the environmental variations. Although they live together for a long period of time, their adaptive mechanisms to environmental stresses are very different. As two extreme xerophytes, Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina differ significantly from other psammophytes in ecophysiological characteristics; they can survive in lower water potential, and can even grow in piedmont areas. Low water potential may be related to the existence of osmosis-regulating substance, such as praline, which can strengthen the capacity of water absorption. Compared to other psammophytes, Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina have a higher degree of photo-inhibition under the same condition, and the photo-inhibition can lead to destruction of the photosynthetic pigment, nevertheless, this photo-inhibition can be repaired under suitable conditions in the morning and evening.     

土壤水分含量对虉草幼苗保护酶与渗透调节物质的影响

以虉草幼苗为试材,通过为期50 d的室内盆栽控水试验,按照土壤水分含量设置7个水分梯度：（10±0.5）%、（15±0.5）%、（20±0.5）%、（25±0.5）%、（30±0.5）%、（40±0.5）%（土壤水分饱和）和51%（淹水2 cm）,研究了不同土壤水分含量对植物的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：（1）土壤水分含量在20%~35%之间时SOD （超氧化物歧化酶）活性较高,低于20%和高于35%时,SOD活性下降,且在不同土壤水分含量下试验50 d的SOD活性均大于试验25 d的。（2） CAT（过氧化氢酶）与POD （过氧化物酶）活性达极显著相关p<0.01,均随土壤水分含量的增加呈先大幅下降后平稳再小幅上升的趋势。（3） MDA （丙二醛）含量与SOD活性趋势相反,随土壤水分含量的增加不断下降,在试验25 d时淹水组略有上升。（4）可溶性蛋白在20%~40%之间时含量较高,植株生长状况较好,在干旱和淹水胁迫条件下可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势。由此可见：当虉草幼苗受到干旱等胁迫时,虉草幼苗会开启抗氧化酶系统以保护植株组织,可长时间的胁迫或者胁迫超过其耐受范围（土壤水分含量小于20%或处于土壤水分过饱和淹水条件）就会不同程度的破坏植物的防御系统从而影响其生长发育。     

Spatial patch structure and adaptive strategy for desert shrub of Reaumuria soongorica in arid ecosystem of the Heihe River Basin

In many arid ecosystems, vegetation frequently occurs in high-cover patches interspersed in a matrix of low plant cover. However, theoretical explanations for shrub patch pattern dynamics along climate gradients remain unclear on a large scale. This context aimed to assess the variance of the Reaumuria soongorica patch structure along the precipitation gradient and the factors that affect patch structure formation in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin (HRB). Field investigations on vegetation patterns and heterogeneity in soil properties were conducted during 2014 and 2015. The results showed that patch height, size and plant-to-patch distance were smaller in high precipitation habitats than in low precipitation sites. Climate, soil and vegetation explained 82.5% of the variance in patch structure. Spatially, R. soongorica shifted from a clumped to a random pattern on the landscape towards the MAP gradient, and heterogeneity in the surface soil properties (the ratio of biological soil crust (BSC) to bare gravels (BG)) determined the R. soongorica population distribution pattern in the middle and lower HRB. A conceptual model, which integrated water availability and plant facilitation and competition effects, was revealed that R. soongorica changed from a flexible water use strategy in high precipitation regions to a consistent water use strategy in low precipitation areas. Our study provides a comprehensive quantification of the variance in shrub patch structure along a precipitation gradient and may improve our understanding of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Gobi Desert under future climate change.

     

Growth and water relation parameters in drought-stressed Coriaria nepalensis seedlings

In the present study, growth and water relation parameters were analysed in drought-stressed Coriaria nepalensis Wall. seedlings. C. nepalensis seedlings were subjected to four drought cycles of 7, 14, 21, and 28-days, and to one control level (watered on alternate days) in a glasshouse. The seedlings failed to survive a 28-days drought during summer. Osmotic adjustment (defined as the decrease in osmotic potential at zero or full turgor in response to water deficit) was measured as the difference between the osmotic potential of seedlings watered on alternate days (control) and those subjected to 21-days drought cycle. Seedlings subjected to 21-days drought had a predawn water potential of −2.60 MPa, and showed an osmotic adjustment of −1.95 MPa at full turgor and −2.17 MPa at zero turgor. The growth of seedlings was positively related to moisture and with water potential. With decline in soil moisture the root:shoot ratio increased while leaf weight ratio decreased. Leaf characteristics, such as leaf number, leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf drop, were also affected by moisture stress. This study has indicated that osmotic adjustment is a major adaptive mechanism of C. nepalensis that aids successful regeneration of seedlings in degraded sites with inhospitable soil conditions.     

干旱区绿洲荒漠带土壤水盐异质性及生态环境效应研究——以黑河中游张掖绿洲为例

对黑河中游地区典型绿洲的土壤含水量与含盐量分析表明,在无灌溉情况下,绿洲及绿洲边缘过渡带表层土壤含水量水平分异明显,由绿洲区的20%左右递减到绿洲荒漠生态过渡带的2.9%。绿洲荒漠带土壤水分变化反映了人类利用绿洲水资源的程度,在绿洲地下水资源开发过度和绿洲边缘人类活动剧烈的区域均存在着生态裂谷,对绿洲生态系统的稳定极为不利。绿洲荒漠带土壤可溶性盐分含量的水平分异表现为绿洲土壤可溶性盐分含量比绿洲荒漠生态过渡带和荒漠区低;绿洲界外区不同荒漠类型土壤含盐量变化不同,在绿洲外围沙质荒漠区,土壤含盐量较低,在绿洲外围砾质荒漠（戈壁）区,土壤含盐量明显高于绿洲区;荒漠区土壤含盐量的垂直变化表明,含盐量最高的聚集层一般不在表层,而在40～60 cm的亚表层。受土壤水盐分异的影响,绿洲外围荒漠植被类型出现分异,从高位绿洲到中位绿洲,外围区荒漠植被的耐旱性和耐盐性均增加。     

沙漠腹地醉鱼草（Buddleja alternifolia） 栽培苗对水盐胁迫的响应

为了研究盐、旱及其交互胁迫下植物生长和生理特性的变化,了解沙漠腹地极端生境下互 叶醉鱼草（Buddleja alternifolia）幼苗的适应性,确定合理的灌溉方式,为沙漠腹地醉鱼草的引种提 供理论依据。通过大田控制实验,设计了 3 个水分梯度和 4 个盐分梯度随机结合实验,定位测量生 长量和生化指标,最后基于隶属函数法综合评价醉鱼草的抗旱耐盐性。结果表明：（1）在干旱胁迫 或低浓度盐胁迫下,醉鱼草的地径、新枝和冠幅生长量均呈上升趋势,而在高盐浓度胁迫下均降 低;水盐交互胁迫下,不同的盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫效果不同,低盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫时（W1S1、 W2S1）,植物生长量均上升,高盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫时（W1S3、W2S3）,植物生长量均降低。（2）无论 是盐胁迫、干旱胁迫还是盐、旱交互胁迫,醉鱼草游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量随着胁迫程度的增加均呈显 著上升的趋势。（3）醉鱼草的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化相对复杂, 除了在干旱胁迫时,SOD 活性和 POD 活性都显著下降外,在盐胁迫和交互胁迫时它们各自的变化并 不一致。醉鱼草在盐胁迫、交叉胁迫和干旱胁迫时,渗透调节物质和酶活性各自对应的发生了变 化,没有明显的同步性,存在相互协调的可能,同时植物细胞的敏感性远远强于表型生长的变化, 高盐浓度的伤害并没有表现在植物外部形态上,但酶活性及渗透调节物质却有显著变化。通过隶 属函数分析显示,醉鱼草最佳的生长水盐条件是盐浓度为 8 g·L^-1、灌水量为 25 L·次^-1,对水盐胁迫 的抗旱耐盐性为：干旱胁迫＞交互胁迫＞盐胁迫。     

不同生育期四合木抗氧化系统的变化及生境间差异

对不同生境四合木种群特征、根际土壤理化性质进行了比较分析,对不同生育期四合木抗氧化系统的变化和生境间差异性进行了探讨。结果表明:①不同生境四合木种群密度、盖度、年龄结构存在显著差异,且低山、台地、丘陵种群所处生境有利于幼苗更新,其密度和盖度均显著大于高平原和倾斜平原种群\.②不同生境四合木根际土壤理化性质存在显著差异。对其进行聚类分析分为两类:低山、台地、丘陵为一类（A类）;高平原、倾斜平原为一类（B类）\.方差分析表明,A类样地土壤营养元素（N、P、K）和微量元素（全Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo与有效量）、土壤有机质含量及土壤含水量都显著高于B类。③不同生境四合木体内MDA含量、抗氧化酶类SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD、GR活性和非酶抗氧化剂GSH、AsA含量均随5月（营养期）、6月（花期）、8月（果期）而不断升高,二者协同作用共同抵抗干旱胁迫诱导的氧化伤害。④不同生境四合木抗氧化系统存在差异性:A类样地受到的膜脂过氧化程度相对较低,其体内的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量较低;而B类样地四合木根际土壤干旱程度较高,土壤偏贫瘠,植物体通过提高一定幅度的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量以清除干旱导致的氧化伤害。