Scaling of motion and governing equations for baroclinic large-scale motions in equatorial ocean

PROPOSALOFPROBLEMTheequatorialoceanicdynamicsintightconnectionwiththeEINinoeventshasbeenthefocusoftheoceanographer'sattention.Asabasisofequatorialoceanicdynamics,theconventionaltheoryoftheequatoriallytrappedwaves,whichwerefertothetrappedwavetheoryinextensiveliteratureuptodate(Matsuno,1966;Blandford,1966;MunkandMoors,1968;WunschandGill,1976;MoorsandPhilandet,1977;Eriksen,1985;Pedlosky,1987),hasbeenprogressivelydevelopedandemployed.However,thedetailedinvestigationsrevealthattheproper…     

A review of studies of ocean platform motions

In this paper various aspects of studies on the motions of ocean platforms are reviewed, with emphasis on floating and semi-submerged structures.Model experimental procedures and theoretical methods, commonly used for prediction purpose, are discussed and motion correlations are made with full scale observations. Special attention is given to the motions of platforms in the horizontal plane, where low frequency phenomena are of importance because of their being responsible for the major part of the loads in a mooring system.     

On the angular structure of weakly non-linear large-scale motions in the ocean

The two-dimensional spectrum of large-scale motions in the upper layer of the south-eastern Atlantic has been estimated using surface buoy observations. The derived spectrum is compared with the theoretical spectra of weakly non-linear Rossby waves. In thein situ data-based spectrum, one can trace such characteristic peculiarities of the theoretically derived spectra as symmetry relative to the parallels and energy concentration in a nearly zonal flow.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

Kalman filtering of vessel motions for ocean wave directional spectrum estimation

This paper proposes a high-speed iterative procedure for estimating the ocean wave directional spectrum from vessel motion data. It uses as input data, the measurements from motion sensors that are commonly available on dynamically positioned vessels and which may easily be installed on any ship. Because the necessary sensors are relatively inexpensive or may already be installed, it becomes an ideal solution to provide initial estimates to offline estimation procedures and to give spectral updates under quickly changing weather conditions. The Kalman filtering algorithm, for iterative harmonic detection, and frequency domain vessel response data are used in the estimation procedure. The results and conclusions are still based on synthesized data, but very promising.     

Fast computation of the transient motions of moving vessels in irregular ocean waves

A fast time-domain method is developed in this paper for the real-time prediction of the six degree of freedom motions of a vessel traveling in an irregular seaway in infinitely deep water. The fully coupled unsteady ship motion problem is solved by time-stepping the linearized boundary conditions on both the free surface and body surface. A velocity-based boundary integral method is then used to solve the Laplace equation at every time step for the fluid kinematics, while a scalar integral equation is solved for the total fluid pressure. The boundary integral equations are applied to both the physical fluid domain outside the body and a fictitious fluid region inside the body, enabling use of the fast Fourier transform method to evaluate the free surface integrals. The computational efficiency of the scheme is further improved through use of the method of images to eliminate source singularities on the free surface while retaining vortex/dipole singularities that decay more rapidly in space. The resulting numerical algorithm runs 2–3 times faster than real time on a standard desktop computer. Numerical predictions are compared to prior published results for the transient motions of a hemisphere and laboratory measurements of the motions of a free running vessel in oblique waves with good agreement.     

Effects of the deep ocean circulation on the reservoir characteristics of the ocean

To examine the effects of the deep ocean circulation on the characteristics of the ocean as a reservoir, age distributions of the material whose source and sink are at the ocean surface are calculated using an idealized vertical two-dimensional model of the ocean. The results show that the large-scale vertical circulation of the deep water accelerates the renewal of deep water and reduces the average age of the material. It is also shown that the multi-layered structures of the deep circulation are more realistic than the one-layered structure and promote the renewal of the deep water.     

Adaptive techniques for radar detection and identification of objects in an ocean environment

New technology opens very interesting possibilities in regard to target adaptive radar systems. The paper illustrates this by considering a multifrequency radar concept applied to the detection and identification of ships against a sea clutter background.     

Dynamical features of near-inertial motions in global ocean based on the GDP dataset from 2000 to 2019

Based on the latest oceanic surface drifter dataset from the global drifter program during 2000–2019, this study investigated the global variation of relative frequency shift(RFS), near-inertial energy(NIE) and inverse excess bandwidth(IEB) of near-inertial motions, and analyzed their relations with oceanic mesoscale dynamics, relative vorticity and strain. Compared with previous works, we have some new findings in this study:(1) the RFS was high with negative values in some regions in which we found a significant blue shift of the RFS in the equatorward of 30°N(S) and from 50°N to 60°N in the Pacific, and a red shift in the western boundary currents and their extension regions, the North Atlantic and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions;(2) more peak values of the NIE were found in global regions like the South Indian Ocean, the Luzon Strait and some areas of the South Ocean;(3) the global distribution of the IEB were characterized by clear zonal bands and affected by vorticity and wind field;(4)the RFS was elevated as the absolute value of the gradient of vorticity increased, the IEB did not depend on the gradient of vorticity, and the eddy kinetic energy(EKE) weakened with the decrease of the absolute value of RFS;(5) the NIE decreased with increasing absolute value of the relative vorticity and the gradient of vorticity, but it increased with increasing strain and EKE when EKE was larger than 0.003 2 m~2/s~2.     

Tracing water masses with particle trajectories in an isopycnic-coordinate model of the global ocean

Offline particle trajectories are obtained for a quasi-global isopycnic-coordinate OGCM using an analytical method, adapted for use with online time-integrated isopycnal and diapycnal mass fluxes. The method is highly efficient, allowing the calculation of large ensembles of such trajectories. These ensembles can be used to establish pathways and transformations associated with the global circulation of water masses on timescales which are well in excess of any feasible model integration length. The method is here used to investigate the important, yet poorly observed, transformation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) through slow spreading, upwelling and diapycnal mixing (defined when and where density decreases below a threshold value). A fundamental problem arises through unsteadiness in the thickness of NADW layers (due to various model flaws and/or intrinsic variability). Particles converge on gridboxes where layers inflate during the online time-integration period. Depending on the degree of layer inflation, only a fraction of NADW particles can be diagnosed as transformed at some point along their respective trajectories. However, the unsteadiness of layer thickness decreases during a 50-year spin-up, implying fewer converged trajectories and an increased fraction of transformed NADW. Using trajectories to trace NADW southward across the equatorial Atlantic, with mass fluxes from years 10, 30 and 50 of model spin-up, the transformed percentage (of NADW exported from the North Atlantic) increases from 17–18% (with fluxes from years 10 and 30) to 41% (using year 50 fluxes). In the latter case, about 30% of the NADW upwells south of 30°S after 500–1000 years. Most of the remaining 70% upwells in the South and North Pacific after 1000–2500 years.     

2004年西北太平洋热带气旋特征

本文通过对2004年西北太平洋热带气旋发生源地、月频数、移动路径、强度等方面的分析,找出2004年西北太平洋热带气旋的特征,并对其大气环流场进行了分析,结果表明:2004年西北太平洋热带气旋偏多、偏强,路径以近、远海转向为多,前期赤道东太平洋海温偏低、西太平洋副高位置偏北、偏东,是2004年西北太平洋热带气旋偏多的主要原因。     

全球Stokes 漂流的时空分布特征研究

利用海浪模式WWIII(Wave Watch III)2008年的模拟结果对海面Stokes漂流、Stokes输运、Stokes深度以及全球Langmuir数的年平均分布特征和季节平均分布特征分别进行了详细的研究与分析。结果表明,海面Stokes漂流和Stokes输运均呈现高纬度偏大的特征,以南极绕极流海域最为突出。全球大部分海域Stokes漂流影响深度在20 m以内,呈现大洋东部偏大,西部偏小的分布特征。全球大部分海域的混合作用是剪切不稳定性和Langmuir湍效应并存的状态,甚至有些海域是以Langmuir湍效应为主。因此,在进行大尺度的海洋数值模拟时,应该考虑波浪导致的混合效应。     

An adjoint method for the assimilation of statistical characteristics into eddy-resolving ocean models

The study investigates perspectives of the parameter estimation problem with the adjoint method in eddy-resolving models. Sensitivity to initial conditions resulting from the chaotic nature of this type of model limits the direct application of the adjoint method by predictability. Prolonging the period of assimilation is accompanied by the appearance of an increasing number of secondary minima of the cost function that prevents the convergence of this method. In the framework of the Lorenz model it is shown that averaged quantities are suitable for describing invariant properties, and that secondary minima are for this type of data transformed into stochastic deviations. An adjoint method suitable for the assimilation of statistical characteristics of data and applicable on time scales beyond the predictability limit is presented. The approach assumes a greater predictability for averaged quantities. The adjoint to a prognostic model for statistical moments is employed for calculating cost function gradients that ignore the fine structure resulting from secondary minima. Coarse resolution versions of eddy-resolving models are used for this purpose. Identical twin experiments are performed with a quasigeostrophic model to evaluate the performance and limitations of this approach in improving models by estimating parameters. The wind stress curl is estimated from a simulated mean stream function. A very simple parameterization scheme for the assimilation of second-order moments is shown to permit the estimation of gradients that perform efficiently in minimizing cost functions.     

碟形网箱水动力特性的研究

根据物模实验得到碟形网箱在不同海况条件下的受力并给出了其估算方法和公式及其相关系数的取值,同时总结了碟形网箱的运动特性。     

潜标式海洋探测仪控制系统及模块设计

基于CORTEX M4内核的STM32嵌入式系统,设计并实现了用于长期监测海洋地理环境参数(温度、盐度、湿度等)的潜标式海洋探测仪,给出了主控系统及各个模块的设计方案及选型,通过合理的功能分配,可靠的硬件设计和有效的软件实现,使探测仪具备低功耗、高可靠的特点。海试实验表明,主控系统实现了对探测仪的浮力调节、能源供电及应急处置等状态控制,通过在SOFAR声道工作,完成了对深海海洋要素的实时监测。     

Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean

Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February–March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5–5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 (“plume”) and S > 33.0 (“ocean”). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between “plume” and “ocean”) were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into “plume” and “ocean” using two criteria: (1) “plume” included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in “plume” exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between “plume” and “ocean” was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color.     

台湾海峡及周边海域水色光谱特性分析

利用2006—2007年4次908计划ST06区块海洋光学调查的数据和MODIS水色遥感数据,对台湾海峡及周边海域的水色光谱特性进行了研究和分析。结果显示该海域的水色光谱主要有4个类型:类型1光谱峰值出现在580 nm附近,谱峰两侧遥感反射率随波长变化迅速减小,主要分布在紧靠中国大陆的海域;类型2光谱峰值出现在540～560 nm之间,具有谱峰宽的特点,主要分布在台湾海峡靠近大陆的一侧;类型3光谱与大洋水体光谱类似,主要分布在台湾西南的南海区域和吕宋海峡区域;类型4光谱在.450 nm附近出现极小值,在500～600 nm之间出现峰值,主要出现在台湾海峡中部和靠近台湾岛的一侧。其中类型2和4水体分布具有明显的季节特征。类型3、4、2、1对应的叶绿素a浓度和悬浮泥沙浓度呈上升趋势,对应的透明度依次降低,该海域以二类水体为主。     

一种基于Canny和数学形态学的海洋锋检测方法

MODIS遥感影像中海洋锋呈现明显的弱边缘信息特征。为有效获得海洋锋信息,首先应用调整后的Canny边缘检测算法,获取海洋锋初步检测结果,然后基于数学形态学二值重构及击中击不中算法,对检测出来的海洋锋进行再处理,确保了海洋锋的连续性及定位准确性。试验结果表明了该算法在海洋锋检测上的有效性与实用性。     

深度学习在海洋信息探测中的应用:现状与展望

深度学习可以通过深度神经网络,使机器理解学习数据,从而提高数据分类效果和预测结果的准确性,因此在海洋信息探测中应用越来越受到重视.作者基于深度学习的基本原理,阐述了海洋上常用的深度学习神经网络模型,并结合海洋信息探测要素,对温度、盐度、风场、有效波高和海冰等进行了海洋环境信息因子的预测分析;同时,对船舶、溢油和涡旋等进...     

一种潜标的水下姿态变化规律分析

采集了布放和工作过程中锚系结构潜标的姿态变化信息,分析了潜标布放和工作过程姿态变化的规律。水下潜标存在一个周期40 s左右的沿竖直轴线的旋转振荡,同时还存在倾斜和俯仰变化。经分析,造成潜标旋转振荡的原因是柔性缆的扭力与潜标转动时尾翼的阻力相互作用,使潜标沿回转轴振荡。造成潜标倾斜的原因是标志浮标受风浪影响对潜标产生拉力。提出了在缆绳上加装自由转环以消除缆绳扭力、改变标志浮标系留位置等改进措施。重点列出了不同阶段的姿态变化曲线,通过曲线显示的信息可以回溯当时的工作环境和过程。