利用地下水库蓄水的初步认识

论述了地下水库的概念、蓄水原理及理论基础、蓄水基础条件和方法及重大蓄水效益.建议建设地下水库蓄水示范工程,推广利用地下水库蓄水,以缓解一些地区严重缺水的局面.利用地下水库蓄水除具备水文地质基础条件外,还必须修建水利工程.因此,它是水文地质学和水利工程学的交叉和结合,将来可能发展成为水利工程学的一个重要分支—“地下水库蓄水工程学”.     

Influence of geologic layering on heat transport and storage in an aquifer thermal energy storage system

A modeling study was carried out to evaluate the influence of aquifer heterogeneity, as represented by geologic layering, on heat transport and storage in an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system in Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada. Two 3D heat transport models were developed and calibrated using the flow and heat transport code FEFLOW including: a “non-layered” model domain with homogeneous hydraulic and thermal properties; and, a “layered” model domain with variable hydraulic and thermal properties assigned to discrete geological units to represent aquifer heterogeneity. The base model (non-layered) shows limited sensitivity for the ranges of all thermal and hydraulic properties expected at the site; the model is most sensitive to vertical anisotropy and hydraulic gradient. Simulated and observed temperatures within the wells reflect a combination of screen placement and layering, with inconsistencies largely explained by the lateral continuity of high permeability layers represented in the model. Simulation of heat injection, storage and recovery show preferential transport along high permeability layers, resulting in longitudinal plume distortion, and overall higher short-term storage efficiencies.     

Impacts of subsurface heat storage on aquifer hydrogeochemistry

The use of shallow aquifers for subsurface heat storage in terms of energy management and building climatisation can lead to a temperature rise in the aquifer to 70 °C and above. The influence of temperature changes on individual mineral and sorption equilibria, reaction kinetics and microbial activity is largely known. However, the impact of heating to temperatures as high as 70 °C on the aquifer overall system has not been quantified yet. Temperature-related changes in sediment ion exchange behaviour, dimension and rates of mineral dissolution and precipitation as well as microbially enhanced redox processes were studied in column experiments using aquifer sediment and tap water at 10, 25, 40, and 70 °C. At 70 °C, a change in sediment sorption behaviour for cations and organic acids was postulated based on temporal changes in pH, magnesium, and potassium concentration in the experimental solution. No clear changes of pH, TIC and major cations were found at 10–40 °C. Redox zoning shifted from oxic conditions towards nitrate and iron(III) reducing conditions at 25 and 40 °C and sulphate reducing conditions at 70 °C. This was attributed to (a) a temperature-related increase in microbial reduction activity, and (b) three times higher release of organic carbon from the sediment at 70 °C compared to the lower temperatures. The findings of this study predict that a temperature increase in the subsurface up to 25 °C and above can impair the usability of ground water as drinking and process water, by reducing metal oxides and thus possibly releasing heavy metals from the sediment. Generally, at 70 °C, where clear cation and organic carbon desorption processes were observed and sulphate reducing conditions could be achieved, a site-specific assessment of temperature effects is required, especially for long-term operations of subsurface heat storage facilities.     

地质资料存储方式的转变--浅谈地质资料光盘存储工作

本文分析了地质资料管理的现状;指出地质资料光盘存储是实现地质资料现代化管理的第一步,重点介绍了地质资料光盘存储工作的内容和过程,以及作者在工作实践中的几点体会;指出了地质资料光盘存储工作是实现地质资料存储方式转变,实现地宣现代化的重要基础。     

基于优化-模拟技术的生态库容

为发挥水库在水资源开发利用与河流生态环境问题之间的协调作用,以丹江口水库为例,探讨了综合利用水库生态库容划分方法.以丹江口水库下游襄阳和仙桃为控制断面,采用Tennant法计算下游河道生态流量的参考值.在考虑丹江口水库的防洪、生态、供水、调水、发电、航运等综合任务和汉江中下游水量联系的基础上,建立了综合利用水库的生态库容优化模型,拟定了4组调度规则,应用自适应遗传算法和模拟调度方法进行求解.计算结果表明:设置生态库容后的调度图能较好地满足控制断面对生态流量的需求,获得较佳综合利用效益.     

软粘土层上的油罐差异沉降

根据某一大型油罐软基加固处理工程方案设计和优选需要,按照离心模型相似律,开展了三组模型试验,分别模拟了天然地基、土工合成材料袋装碎石垫层和既在填土层中设置袋装碎石垫层又在淤泥质粘土层设置土工合成材料排水板三种情况,以研究这一加固布置形式对减小高压缩性软土层地基上油罐罐底的差异沉降效果反应。模型油罐地基采用原型土重塑制备,现场土工合成材料袋装碎石采用柔性机织玻璃纤维细管塞装粗砂条模拟,并在不停机运转条件下模拟了多次充放水预压加载。试验结果表明,油罐软弱地基经土工合成材料袋装碎石加固后,罐底总沉降值和差异沉降值均明显小于天然地基情形下对应的沉降值,罐底畸变得到显著减小,就本文所述的土质条件、土层厚度和预压荷载强度,地基经加固处理后,油罐罐底畸变减小了近50 %。最后就土工合成材料在加固油罐地基布置形式的合理性进行了初步探讨。     

基于优化-模拟技术的生态库容

为发挥水库在水资源开发利用与河流生态环境问题之间的协调作用,以丹江口水库为例,探讨了综合利用水库生态库容划分方法。以丹江口水库下游襄阳和仙桃为控制断面,采用Tennant法计算下游河道生态流量的参考值。在考虑丹江口水库的防洪、生态、供水、调水、发电、航运等综合任务和汉江中下游水量联系的基础上,建立了综合利用水库的生态库容优化模型,拟定了4组调度规则,应用自适应遗传算法和模拟调度方法进行求解。计算结果表明:设置生态库容后的调度图能较好地满足控制断面对生态流量的需求,获得较佳综合利用效益。     

Impact of storage coefficient on numerical modelling of trench drainage

The present paper deals with the numerical modelling of trench drainage in variably saturated porous media. In particular, the effect of the unsaturated storage coefficient form on the rate of transient seepage into the trench is investigated. Several numerical analyses are performed for two different soil types. The numerical results derived using a pressure head-dependent storage coefficient, are compared to those derived using constant storage coefficients. It is shown that simplifying assumptions using constant storage coefficients may predict too fast drainage rates.     

渗透率的非均质性对CO_2地质封存的影响

CO2地质封存可以减少化石燃料燃烧排放的CO2量,有效减缓温室效应。储层渗透率可以决定CO2通道的形成,进而改变其在储层中的运移规律,因而是影响CO2地质封存的重要因素。根据研究区基本地质数据、三维地震勘探结果和统计规律确定了渗透率的分布情况,运用储层多相流模拟软件TOUGH2-MP分析了渗透率的非均质性对CO2地质封存的影响。结果表明:(1)渗透率的分布情况对CO2储存量和注入压力的影响很大,相比于均值模型,CO2的注入总量明显减少,到达最大允许压力积聚所需的时间要比均质模型短;(2)在保证注入速率和压力积聚不超过允许最大值的双重要求下,定压和定量两种注入方案都有待改进,建议考虑如人工压裂等工程措施;(3)渗透率的非均质性使得CO2晕呈现出不规则扩散,经过20年的注入,其最大扩散距离约800m,比均质情况下小150m,须做好相应的监测工作。     

The analysis of liquid storage tanks on deep elastic foundations

The behaviour of a cylindrical liquid storage tank resting on a deep homogeneous elastic layer is examined. The analysis employs a substructure approach and proceeds by examining the behaviour of the tank base, the tank walls and the soil separately and developing flexibility matrices for each of these components. These flexibility matrices are then assembled and the complete soil structure system analysed.     

地下水库特征水位与特征库容的划分及确定研究

参考地表水库调控指标的划分方法,将地下水库的特征水位与特征库容划分为死水位与死库容、正常蓄水位与调蓄库容、腾空库容和已占库容以及总库容,并提出了特征水位确定的一般原则以及承压地下水库的库容计算原理与方法。以大庆市西部地下水位降落漏斗区地下水库为实例,确定地下水库水量调蓄的死水位为115m,正常蓄水位为132m,结合现状地下水位,计算得出相应的死库容为1161.58×108m3,调蓄库容为1.75×108m3,腾空库容为1.57×108m3,总库容为1163.33×108m3。     

Decision-tree analysis on optimal release of reservoir storage under typhoon warnings

The wet and dry seasons are distinctive in Taiwan as the amount of precipitation in wet seasons accounts for over three-fourth of the total rainfall. And the water-resources management relies pretty much on the rainfall brought in by typhoons as it accounts for a significant portion of the precipitation during wet seasons. Furthermore, as the storage of reservoirs is limited due to topographical factors, the management of typhoon rainfall has always been an important issue in Taiwan. The technique of decision-tree analysis is applied in this article to determine the optimal reservoir release in advance upon the issuance of a typhoon warning by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), and the proposed methodology may provide solution to the trade-off judgment of reservoir operations between flood control and water supply according to economic efficiency. In this article, the economic loss functions of flooding damage and water-supply shortage are assumed in linear and nonlinear conditions, and the respective expected optimal releases based on the predicted precipitation as issued by CWB are derived. The proposed methodology has been applied to the Shihmen Reservoir System, and the capabilities of the model as an aid to real-time decision-making as well as the evaluation of the economic worth of forecasts is presented.     

中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心

近年来,我国新增航磁测量数据在大规模持续增长,传统的关系型数据库难以有效地按采样点粒度存储“一点多值”的数据,对亿级数据量的读写存在效率瓶颈,并且存在分布式动态扩展的局限。通过对比分析多种非关系型数据库的特点,以MongoDB作为数据库载体,开展存储模式设计、索引构建和测试分析,结果表明,该存储模式高效、灵活、可扩展,在大数据量、多并发条件下的读写性能表现优异,能够支撑航磁测量大数据的存储管理和业务应用需求。针对其他传感器不同但组成特点类似的数据,如航空重力测量数据、航空伽马能谱测量数据、航空电磁测量数据等,亦可采用该存储模式,最终形成行业通用的解决方案。     

Basic consideration on storage of compressed natural gas in rock chambers

Summary Compressed gas energy storage (CGES) works with gas in the gas phase and not in the liquid phase, thus avoiding the necessity of temperatures below 0° C. The paper discusses fundamental aspects of the two possible concepts of gas storage in rock: in lined and unlined chambers. Emphasis is placed on the rock engineering problems associated with the design of such schemes. It becomes clear, however, that the thermodynamic background, the operational aspects and safety concerns strongly interact with rock mechanics considerations.     

Effects of magma storage and ascent on the kinetics of crystal growth

The size distributions of crystals of olivine, plagioclase and oxides of the 1991/93 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) are analyzed. The simultaneous collection of this information for different minerals gives precious insight into the cooling history of lavas. Three distinct episodes are detectable: a storage of the magma in a deep reservoir, characterized by nearly constant and low nucleation and growth rates (near to equilibrium); an ascent phase, with an ever increasing nucleation rate related to volatile exsolution; and finally a quenching phase. In addition to geochemical and geophysical evidence, the similarity of the crystal size distributions of the present eruption with those of previous ones of this century makes it possible to exclude that crystal size distributions of Etnean lavas are due to mixing of different populations. This strongly suggests that the main features of the volcano feeding system have not changed despite observed variations in the magma output rates.     

采暖尾水回灌对砂岩热储温度的影响——以鲁北地区为例

为保证地热资源可持续开发利用,深入开展回灌工程采灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破是地热领域的重大关切。本文根据全井段测温结果,对砂岩热储不同采灌工程地温场变化特征进行了分析。研究表明：随着回灌年度的增加,冷水范围越来越大,热量对回灌井有效补给路径变长,回灌井热储段温度曲线波动幅度越小;当采灌井距较小、底部温度相对较低时,回灌冷水会对开采井造成影响,致使开采井热储温度降低;在回灌初期热对流在热量恢复中占主导作用,随着回灌年数的增加,冷水范围越来越大,热对流对温度场恢复的作用逐渐减弱,周边和相邻隔水层热传导在温度恢复中的作用越来越显著,温度恢复越来越慢,因此,在规模化回灌条件下,热突破是必然的。     

Techno-economic analysis of grid-tied energy storage

This paper presents a methodology to assess the technical and economic viability of grid-tied battery energy storage for a student residence under a time-of-use tariff structure. Battery as a storage medium can take advantage of the price arbitrage between peak and off-peak period under favourable conditions. To investigate the impact of different pricing regimes, summer rate was implemented, and the results were compared with that of winter rate on yearly basis. At base case conditions, neither a prevailing summer nor winter pricing tariff favours the use of battery energy storage. A 0.4656 R/kWh price differential between peak and off-peak period for a summer pricing regime was not sufficient for the battery energy storage system to break even. Implementing a year-round winter pricing regime with a price differential of 2.1171 R/kWh between peak and off-peak period requires a minimum of 866 battery cycle life to break even. Probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulation indicated that to make battery energy storage system attractive, at least 110% increase in the peak price of electricity for summer is needed. The study concluded that the price differential among the different time-of-use tariff regimes impact on the extent of profitability of using battery energy storage.     

盐岩储气库蠕变损伤分析

通过对盐岩本构关系的实验研究,对Norton Power 盐岩蠕变本构模型引入损伤变量,在损伤等效应力中引入考虑偏应力和围压影响的函数,建立了一种能反映盐岩蠕变和加速蠕变的本构模型。通过对某盐矿盐岩实验数据进行拟合,获得了本构模型的参数,理论曲线与实验曲线吻合得较好。通过三维数值模拟方法,应用该本构模型对某盐矿天然气储存库进行了数值模拟研究,探讨了该盐矿盐岩储气库最低内压工况下,腔周损伤区的扩展、变形规律及最长持续运行时间。研究结果表明：（1）盐岩本构模型在盐岩加速蠕变期具有较好的数值稳定性;（2）在最低运行压力下,腔周盐岩进入加速蠕变期后,储气库损伤区的扩展速度非常快,储气库最危险部位位于腔体顶部;（3）腔周盐岩进行加速蠕变期后,盐岩的腔体体积收敛变形主要表现为损伤蠕变体积收敛,稳态蠕变体积收敛趋于稳定;（4）该盐矿盐岩储气库在该压力下最长持续运行时间约为3个月。     

泥岩夹层对层状盐岩体中储库稳定性影响

针对盐矿常为不同岩层交替而成的互层盐岩体的基本特点,利用宏观平均意义下考虑细观弯曲效应的三维Cosserat介质扩展本构模型的FLAC3D接口程序,对湖北云应地区的ZK1075,ZK1083,ZK1099溶腔进行了计算,不仅考虑了刚度异于盐岩的泥岩对复合体弹性特征的影响,并且考虑了由于各层内部位移协调引起泥岩夹层先行破损,进而引起复合体变形和破坏。计算结果表明,云应地区的层状盐岩体中的刚度、强度较大的泥岩夹层对层状盐岩复合体具有强化作用,对盐岩溶腔造腔后的稳定性有利。