城市地震现场搜救指挥辅助决策系统的设计与开发

提出了一种基于GIS和空间决策技术的城市地震现场搜救指挥辅助决策系统的技术思路和解决方案,在软件的总体设计、功能模块、数据库建设、模块集成等方面进行了研究和开发,并以四川自贡市资料为例对系统功能进行了试验,最后给出了试验结果.应用GIS技术构建城市地震现场搜救指挥辅助决策系统是提高地震现场搜救工作效率的有效途径.     

西藏地震应急指挥系统建设与应用

通过对西藏局原有应急指挥技术系统的分析,利用成熟的数据库技术,云计算技术、WebGIS等先进的计算机技术,建设一套包含地震灾情快速评估,震后辅助决策、快速出图及灾情发布等模块等相结合的应急指挥管理系统。该系统在西藏自治区发生破坏性地震后可以快速给出地震造成的经济损失和人员伤亡及其分布情况等震害结果和辅助决策信息,为政府应急救灾提供决策依据。介绍了地震应急指挥管理系统的总体设计、关键技术及现实应用,对设计开发地震应急指挥管理系统及城市应急管理系统建设具有重要的参考意义。     

基于地震现场救援行动跟踪监控的指挥与控制软件

建立基于地震现场救援行动跟踪监控的指挥与控制软件可以提高现场指挥人员指挥决策的效率和科学性.本文提出了一种基于地震现场救援行动跟踪监控的指挥与控制软件系统的技术思路和解决方案,在软件的总体设计、功能模块、数据库建设、关键模型等方面进行了研究和开发,并以5.12汶川特大地震资料为例对系统功能进行了试验,给出试验结果.     

交通系统地震应急智能辅助决策技术研究

本文研究了交通系统地震应急智能辅助决策的技术方法,初步完成了基于Arc View GIS的城市和区域交通系统地震应急智能辅助决策系统的研制。     

EES-GIS系统及其在九江-瑞昌地震中的应用

叙述了EES—GIS应急数据库系统的技术思路、组成及其功能,介绍了该系统在九江地震应急中的应用效果。实践表明,EES—GIS系统在地震应急辅助决策中能有效地提高评估效率。     

HAZ-China地震灾害损失评估系统设计及初步实现

过去三十多年里,我国在震害预测、地震应急救援、地震现场工作和灾后恢复重建等领域取得了丰硕的研究成果,完成了三十余个城市和大型企业的震害预测工作并建立了相应的信息管理与辅助决策系统,构建了较为完善的地震现场工作标准体系,基本建成了覆盖中国大陆的全国一体化的地震应急指挥技术系统网络,在应对汶川和玉树两次重特大地震的应急救援行动中发挥了积极作用,为国务院和各级政府防震减灾规划和地震应急指挥决策提供了重要依据和有力的技术支撑。然而,目前的国内研究仍存在以下问题:各类震害防御和应急指挥系统琳琅满目,系统重复建设造成资源浪费和闲置,维护更新困难;系统软/硬件建设投资费用大,部分用户无力承担;部分信息系统的结果展示和辅助决策效果不佳,许多已建成系统被束之高阁没有发挥应有的作用;大多数信息系统都是基于/模式开发,服务范围小;多局限于某城市的具体     

地震应急预案执行辅助系统研究

地震应急预案执行辅助系统以数字化地震应急预案为基础,可加强地震应急信息共享,提高地震应急响应速度和改进地震应急指挥决策的合理性。本文介绍了地震应急预案执行辅助系统建设的总体工作思路和技术方案,从系统构建与业务流程、总体框架与功能设计到基于GIS技术的系统实现等方面进行了探讨,介绍了下一步工作展望与设想。     

基于综合数据库的安徽省地震应急分类响应辅助决策系统

建立了由基础地理数据库、地震地质数据库、地震监测数据库、地震预报数据库、地震应急数据库组成的安徽省防震减灾综合数据库,收集并整理了安徽省地震局自建局以来的各类业务资料.实现了信息化管理.在防震减灾综合数据库的基础上,利用GIS技术研制了具有安徽特色的地震应急分类响应辅助决策系统,在有感地震应急、地震模拟演练以及地震技术...     

空间决策支持技术在城市地震应急指挥软件系统中的应用

将空间决策支持技术SDSS引入城市地震应急指挥技术领域,利用决策支持技术DSS的多模型组合建模方法和地理信息系统的空间分析技术,建构了城市地震应急指挥空间辅助决策支持软件系统。详细讨论了该系统的整体规划与功能实现,并对系统数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库及其管理子系统的设计与开发作了详细阐述,以期为城市灾害与突发事件的防御与应急提供技术支持。     

卫星定位导航系统在地震应急救援中的应用

在对地震灾害特点综合分析的基础上,分析了地震应急响应与救援决策中的关键性问题。认为震害的规模、程度、空间分布和灾情发展趋势,以及快速获取灾情信息已成为整个地震应急响应和救援决策的关键;而对灾情空间分布及其不同灾情程度位置的确定是救援决策的先导与重要环节。卫星定位导航技术在地震应急搜救的信息快速获取、应急响应、救援决策、指挥、搜索与营救等救援行动的整个过程中,都将发挥其强大的功能。建议研发中国北斗灾害应急救援导航与指挥决策系统,包括地震灾情快速获取、快速判定和决策定位导航技术系统、地震救援指挥调度技术系统和应急救援物流定位导航技术系统建设;研发北斗灾害应急救援导航装备,包括自主定位导航幸存者搜索和营救设备研发和国内外巨灾救援专用定位与导航系统研发。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.