多功能测井解释理论及应用

多功能测井解释理论通过对测井学、渗流力学、油藏物理学等多门学科的综合，突破了以往测井解释主要以含油饱和度高低判别油水层的传统观念，认为相对渗透率的大小或束缚水饱和度的高低才是决定储层产液性质的原因，它的出现是测井解释理论的一次飞跃。     

塔里木盆地塔中16石炭系低含油饱和度油藏成因机理

塔中16石炭系油藏位于塔里木盆地塔中地区,具有低含油饱和度的油层分布在相对低孔-渗的储层中,而高GOI值的水层分布在高孔-渗储层中的特征.为阐明其特殊的成因机理,利用石油包裹体丰度(GOI)分析方法,结合圈闭演化历史开展了详细研究.结果表明,现今油层和水层的样品都具有较高的GOI值(5.6%~32.0%),暗示在地质历史时期形成了古油层,GOI值与孔隙度和渗透率具有正相关关系.高孔-渗储层优先充注油气,形成具有高含油饱和度、高GOI值的油层,低孔-渗储层充注油气较少,形成具有低含油饱和度,相对低GOI值的油层.而古油层泄漏的过程中,高孔-渗储层中聚集的油气也更容易泄漏,形成高GOI值水层,低孔-渗储层中充注的油气泄漏较少,形成低含油饱和度油层.综合分析认为:不同孔-渗条件储层的差异充注和成藏后的差异泄漏,是塔中16石炭系低含油饱和度油藏的形成机理.深化并研究了多期演油气区的成藏机理,对于深入认识多期演化背景的致密砂岩油气勘探潜力具有指导意义.      

歧口凹陷板桥斜坡储层流体性质判别方法研究

歧口凹陷板桥斜坡A37井区油层纵横向变化较大,测井响应特征不一。已有的流体识别图版显示电阻率在20Ω·m以上的储层即为油层,但钻井证实低部位井储层电阻率高达30Ω·m却试油出水。显然常规流体识别图版不适用于这种高电阻水层的判别。为此,本文在高阻水层地质成因的研究基础上,通过引入泥质含量校正,建立了流体性质判别图版,并反推出计算电阻率的公式,利用曲线重叠法快速区分油水层。结论认为:该类高阻水层主要是由于沉积环境不同造成的储层岩性差异所形成,图版的建立能够识别高阻水层,并为储层流体性质的识别提供了依据。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组油层识别标准研究

玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组整体勘探程度不高,储层评价中缺少准确油层识别标准,需建立正确区分识别储层流体性质的油层识别标准.通过全区岩电参数和地层水电阻率平面分布规律分析,保证单井含水饱和度计算精度;基于玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组储层四性关系分析,明确下乌尔禾组电性-含油性和物性关系;结合深电阻率、测井计算含水饱和度、测试资料及岩心...     

陆梁油田低阻油层成因及其识别

对陆梁油田白垩系呼图壁河组低阻油层进行了研究，分析该区低电阻率油层的成因，认为粘土的附加导电性、束缚水饱和度高、构造幅度低及强润湿性是造成油气层电阻率低的重要原因，低阻油田的粘土矿物以伊，蒙混层、伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石为主，均呈薄膜状分布于砂粒周缘，膜厚2—5μm，最厚可达10μm油层具亲水性．这种含水粘膜极大地扩大了储集层中导电网络面积，它是导致白垩系呼图壁河组低阻油层成因的主要原因，由于不同含油气性储层中的烃类(石油沥青)含量姐成和性质不同，所反映的荧光和有机地化特征也不同，椐此本应用地球化学方法中氯仿沥青“A”的含量、热解气相色谱的游离烃含量和总烃含量以及饱和烃色谱特征，结合储层荧光的发光强度、发光面积及分布特征对低阻油层、油水层、含油水层及水层进行了识别，在生产中取得了很好的效果．     

红河油田川口地区长8储层段流体性质识别方法

以川口地区低孔特低渗储层为研究对象,利用研究区岩心数据,物性分析数据,试油数据和测录井资料信息,对研究区内48口井进行电阻率与孔隙度测井值交会分析,用视地层水电阻率正态分布法对储层流体性质进行识别,结果表明采用孔隙度测井、分析孔隙度与电阻率交会能较好的将油层、差油层与含油水层、油水层区分开;视电阻率正态分布法能很好的识别该目的层的复杂油层流体性质。     

单砂体高部位油水倒置分布的成因机制

成藏地质条件的复杂多变控制了油水分布的复杂性和多样性,尤其是在低渗透油藏中。断层圈闭油藏和岩性油藏中存在一种类似的油水倒置分布样式,即由单砂体高部位向低部位,依次为水层、含油水层、油水同层、油层、油水同层、含油水层、水层。通过分析两种油藏类型中低渗透砂体储层高部位油水倒置的控制因素,探讨了油水倒置的两种成因机制。分析结果表明,断层圈闭为主的油藏中,造成油水倒置的主要原因是断层封闭性的历史性差异,其次是储集层物性和渗透率级差;而上倾尖灭砂体岩性油藏中,造成油水倒置的主要因素是储集层物性及其变化,尤其是储层层内非均质性。同时,分析结果进一步表明,油水倒置系统中,存在低电阻率油层。     

非均质储层夹层控油作用初论——非均质储层油气分布规律及测井响应特征

根据毛细管压力理论, 分析了具有复杂孔隙结构的非均质储层油气聚集和分布规律.提出了非均质储层夹层对油气聚集和分布有重要控制作用的观点.分析表明, 物性较差的非均质储层一般具有较长的油-水或气-水过渡段, 形成油气藏的必要条件是要具备较大的圈闭高度.圈闭高度有限的非均质储层中夹层对油气流体有遮挡作用, 储层纵向上容易形成大段的不饱和含油(气) 水层或油水同层、气水同层.根据相对渗透率数据, 这类储层的有效产液能力受两相渗流的影响和本身渗透能力差的限制, 往往表现为低产甚至偏干的事实.导致气测录井、测井和试油测试之间存在矛盾.对非均质储层测井响应规律和特点进行了分析, 复杂孔隙结构非均质储层中含油性与储层物性的相关关系变得模糊.储层纵向上含油性及物性的复杂变化导致其油气层和水层的测井特征不易区分, 测井油气识别与评价面临很多困难和挑战.结合我国西部M盆地一个非均质油气藏的典型实例, 实际分析了非均质储层油气聚集和分布规律及测井响应特征.      

准噶尔盆地石南31井区清水河组油气水层分布规律

针对石南31井区储层岩性多变、油气水关系复杂等问题,按不同岩性识别油气层、水层和干层,据油气不同测井响应特征进一步识别油层和气层.将储层划分为细砂岩、中粗砂岩和砂砾岩3类,识别储层流体性质,分析油藏分布特征,指出油层、隔夹层平面分布特征,探讨油气水层分布规律.结果表明,石南31井区主要有4个油藏.储层所含流体有油、水和气,中北部细砂岩储层为纯油层,南部中粗砂岩储层为水层.气层从南到北分布于全区,主要位于油藏北部和东部局部区域,为今后解释工作具很好指导意义.     

油藏模型含油饱和度变化的地震振幅响应特征

针对储层流体地震检测技术不容易识别油层(不含气)的现状,深入研究油、水弱弹性参数差异条件下的地震响应同油水饱和度变化之间的关系,对提升油层地震检测成功率有重要意义。因此,利用矢量波场数值模拟技术,对不同含油饱和度条件下的油藏模型进行波场正演,利用正演结果探索性地研究仅含油—水混合流体油藏的含油饱和度变化引起的地震响应特征,为油层地震检测和定量解释提供参考。研究结果显示:仅含油—水混合流体的油藏在不同含油饱和度时的AVO响应特征基本一致,利用常规手段较难有效区分含油与含水,但通过压制储层反射中的非油气响应,突出油气响应的振幅校正处理后,可以明显看到储层含油饱和度变化引起的地震响应,且不同含油饱和度范围的地震响应特征不同,呈明显的非线性特征,因此,地震资料携带了储层流体信息,利用地震资料检测储层含油性及含油量是可行的,但对储层含油性和饱和度的合理解释需要以正确认识储层含油饱和度变化同地震响应之间的非线性规律为前提基础。     

摩天岭地区古山体垮塌作用与铀成矿关系

在摩天岭地区,铀矿床产出在断陷带和岩体边缘的舌形凹陷带。这些地带为现代剥蚀物的堆积区,与现代地形汇水区关系密切。大量资料表明,成矿流体原始水为大气降水,赋矿构造为帚状构造。这些特征表明,古山体垮塌是造成铀成矿的主要原因,古垮塌体形成成矿前的含水体,为成矿流体提供原始水。本文阐述了摩天岭地区山体垮塌的几种类型,帚状构造的形成以及与铀成矿的关系。     

油藏地球化学在沈家铺断块油田的应用

首先采用色谱、色谱-质谱等分析技术研究了本区枣Ⅴ油组原油地球化学特征及断块间油藏流体连通性，然后利用岩石热解(Rock-Eval)和薄层色谱-火焰离子检测技术(TLC—FID)，结合试油及测井资料，建立了枣Ⅴ油组油干水层划分的地球化学标准，研究了流体(原油)及其性质在纵向上和平面上的变化及分布规律。研究结果表明，枣Ⅴ油组原油为低成熟原油，其源岩形成于微咸水一半咸水湖相还原环境，主要由菌藻类有机质组成，但某些藻类可能是其源岩有机质的主要贡献者；枣Ⅴ油组断块间油藏流体不连通；纵向上，储层流体非均质性强，总体而言，随深度增加枣Ⅴ油组储层含油性逐渐变差，但原油性质逐渐变好。平面上，储层流体非均质性强，不同断块含油性不同，同一断块不同部位含油性不同；不同断块原油性质不同，总体而言，从NE到SW，枣Ⅴ油组的原油性质逐渐变好。     

The occurrence and behavior of radium in saline formation water of the U.S. Gulf Coast region

Radium has been measured in deep saline formation waters produced from a variety of U.S. Gulf Coast subsurface environments, including oil reservoirs, gas reservoirs and water-producing geopressured aquifers. A strong positive correlation has been found between formation-water salinity and Ra activity, resulting from the interaction of formation water with aquifer matrix. Ra isotopes enter the fluid phase after being produced by the decay of parent elements U and Th, which are located at sites on and within the solid matrix.Processes that are belived to be primarily responsible for transferring Ra from matrix to formation water are chemical leaching and alpha-particle recoil. Factors controlling the observed salinity—Ra relationship may be one or a combination of the following factors: (a) ion exchange; (b) increased solubility of matrix silica surrounding Ra atoms, coupled with a salinity-controlled rate of reequilibration of silica between solution and quartz grains; and (c) the equilibration of Ra in solution with detrial barite within the aquifer.No difference was found in the brine-Ra relation in water produced from oil or gas wells and water produced from wells penetrating only water-bearing aquifers, although the relation was more highly correlated for water-bearing aquifers than hydrocarbon-containing reservoirs.     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区延长组低孔低渗砂岩物性与石油临界注入压力关系实验研究

岩性油藏的形成受到石油流体动力及储层物性等因素的控制。岩性油藏理论分析和勘探实践表明,成藏期当砂岩体孔隙度和渗透率过低或石油充注动力不足时,石油往往无法充注其中。本文采用砂岩样品石油充注临界条件实验测量了不同围压条件下石油进入砂岩样品的最小注入压差,定量研究了已知不同物性砂岩样品的临界石油注入压差与埋深的关系,并建立了镇泾地区延长组低孔低渗砂岩体成藏解释图版。石油充注临界条件实验表明:镇泾地区延长组低孔低渗砂岩体石油充注临界孔隙度约为10.5%,小于该临界值时,石油难以注入砂岩样品; 该地区低孔低渗砂岩体临界注入压差受储层埋深和物性的双重控制:相同物性不同埋深的砂岩样品临界注入压差随深度增加而迅速增大,表明随深度增加石油需要更大的充注动力才能成藏; 而相同深度时不同物性的砂岩样品临界注入压差随物性条件变好迅速降低,即同一深度不同物性时较好物性的砂体更容易发生石油充注。应用成藏图版解释研究区长8低孔低渗砂岩体成藏条件,发现成藏期石油充注压差大于临界压差者为高产油井,充注压差等于或者小于临界压差多为低产油井或者水井,解释结果与油田实际试油结果有一定吻合。     

水平井含水率上升影响因素

利用塔里木油田塔中4油田(TZ4)底水油藏相关的地质、流体数据建立数值模型。在所建模型的基础上,应用数值模拟计算的累积产油、产水和产液量回归俞启泰水驱特征曲线,以反映水平井见水特征的参数b。以参数b为研究对象,采用正交试验的方法研究不同因素对b值的影响,筛选影响水平井见水特征的主要因素,认为原油粘度、油层厚度、非均质性及水平井水平段在油藏中的位置是影响水平井含水上升趋势的主要指标。最后建立主要因素与b值的关系式,结合俞启泰曲线b值图版,提出预测水平井见水规律的公式——图版法(F-b法)。应用F-b法对塔里木水平井含水率进行预测,并与其他相关方法及实际生产数据对比,认为F-b法可作为预测塔里木油田水平井含水率、估算可采储量的一种有效方法。     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System $48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a cross- formationai flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal fows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI- and K Na , is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified: (1) residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, (2) residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and (3) interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System $48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Brconcentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enrichment of oil/gas become weaker, residual water increases, and the salinity and concentration of Br- decrease. At the edge of the main cave, although the wells have a high deliverability at the beginning with a short stable production period and water-free production period. After water breakthrough, the pressure and deliverability drop quickly, and the water content rises quickly. The hydrochemistrai characteristics of the produced water are relatively uniform. Wells in the branch caves have a relatively low deliverability at the beginning, with a short stable production period. Water breakthrough appears quickly and then the pressure and deliverability drop quickly. The salinity and concentrations of CI-and K Na are usually fluctuant or descend slowly in the produced water. Wells in low areas of ancient karst have a low deliverability and a short stable production period. The yield drops quickly and the water content is high, while the characteristics of the produced water may vary significantly well to well. The salinity and concentrations of CI- and K, Na in the produced water are usually fluctuant with a precipitous decline.     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a crossformational flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal flows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI^- and K^＋＋Na^＋, is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified： （1） residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, （2） residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and （3） interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System S48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Br^- concentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enri     

用油水相对渗透率确定镇泾油田长6储层的产液情况

油水相对渗透率可以精确刻划出油、水二相流体在孔喉中的流动情况,通过阿尔奇方程准确求取储层的含水饱和度,建立适合镇泾油田的束缚水饱和度计算模型,并运用"岩心刻度测井"的方法,通过回归法,用实测油、水相对渗透率曲线求取琼斯方程中的区域参数,最终建立适合本区的油水相对渗透率经验公式。结果表明,用测井数据可以进行油、水相对渗透率的计算,并且完全满足评价储集层的产液情况。由此建立的油水相对渗透率解释模型,可以进行镇泾油田长6储层的油、水层的划分,并对油、水分异不彻底的储层进行测井评价,有着重要的参考价值。     

构造电阻率差比值法识别火山岩裂缝地层天然气层

在基岩电阻率较高的硬地层中,除去泥质、孔隙和其他矿物等因素的影响后,地层电阻率与致密围岩电阻率的差异就被认为是裂缝以及地层孔隙中储存的流体性质引起的。选择相同岩性含气储层与致密围岩层的电阻率值,利用数值反演的方法确定出计算含气层段消除裂缝以及孔隙中流体性质影响以后的地层真电阻率公式,定义地层真电阻率和深侧向电阻率的差值与地层深侧向电阻率的比值为构造电阻率差比值,该参数主要反映裂缝以及孔隙中的流体性质对电阻率降低幅度的影响。因此,利用差比值法可以识别火山岩裂缝地层的流体性质,进而制作油层、气层和水层的判别图版,并结合其他测井曲线、油藏动态资料以及气测信息综合识别火山岩裂缝地层天然气层。该方法在准噶尔盆地研究区火山岩天然气层的识别中取得了很好的应用效果,解释结论与试油结果基本吻合。