A geophysical survey of the De Gerlache Seamounts: preliminary results

 The De Gerlache Seamounts actually consist of two medium-sized guyots, with summits at depths of 350–600 m. Acoustic profiler data show no significant sediment on these guyots. Alkaline basalts dredged from the summit of the eastern guyot yield K/Ar ages between 20.1±1.0 and 23.2±1.2 Ma. Basement ridges and sediment-filled troughs between the guyots are associated with the prominent gravity anomaly extending north from the Antarctic margin. This structure possibly played a role in the guyot formation, however, the question of how the De Gerlache Seamounts are related to this gravity anomaly remains uncertain. Received: 13 February 1997 / Revision received: 30 September 1997     

地衣芽孢杆菌De株对凡纳滨对虾粪便的降解效果

采用独立分析法,研究地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis De株降解凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei粪便的效果.所收集对虾粪便先经冻干、粉碎,再溶解于灭菌海水中,分别在不同温度(16、21、26和31℃)、虾粪含量(5、10和20mg·L-1)、芽孢杆菌初始添加量(1、2.5、5和10mg·L-1)等条件下分析地衣芽孢杆菌De株对对虾粪便溶解液中的NH3-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、PO-4-P及COD的降解效果.结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌De株可有效降低样品中COD和NO-3-N的含量,其平均降解率分别高于60%和50%,而NH3-N、NO-2-N、及PO43--P等的浓度则不断升高;总体而言,地衣芽孢杆菌De株在26-31℃,初始添加量5mg·L-1时对对虾粪便具有较好的降解效果(p＜0.05);当粪便溶解液浓度大于10mg·L-1时组间各项参数的差异不显著(p＞0.05).     

模糊图象消除方法在纤维密度检测和水下图象处理中的应用

在数字图象处理中,就纺织品的移动所造成图象的运动模糊和成象不在焦平面产生的弥散模糊,运用消模糊理论进行图象处理,并得到了满意的结果。同时对水下摄影过程中造成的水下图象处理进行研究,说明该方法还可应用到更广泛的领域。     

地衣芽孢杆菌De株之胞外产物对凡纳滨对虾淀粉酶活性影响的体外研究

试验以半透膜法收集地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)De株的胞外产物(extracellular products,ECP),以匀浆离心法提取凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)成虾的肝胰腺和肠道消化酶,将芽孢杆菌胞外产物和对虾消化酶按体积比10∶90混合,采用体外分析法研究在不同温度、pH及胞外产物添加量等条件下胞外产物对对虾淀粉酶活性的影响.试验共设A、B、C、D、E 5个试验组,每组三个平行.其中空白组A为地衣芽孢杆菌的胞外产物,试验组B、C组分别为添加了胞外产物的对虾肝胰腺消化酶、肠道消化酶,对照组D、E分别为未添加胞外产物的对虾肝胰腺消化酶和肠道消化酶样品.温度为20～40℃时试验组B、C的淀粉酶活性要明显高于对照组(p＜0.05),其中肝胰腺淀粉酶和肠道淀粉酶的活性分别提高了25.9%和19.3%,但该温度要远低于芽孢杆菌胞外淀粉酶的最适温度60～90℃.在pH为5～6时,试验组B、C的淀粉酶活性明显高于对照组(p＜0.05),对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶和肠道淀粉酶的活性分别较对照组提高了33.3%和122.2%,而该pH同样要低于芽孢杆菌胞外淀粉酶的最适pH值(6～9).此外,研究还表明试验组的淀粉酶活性随胞外产物添加量的升高而降低,即胞外产物在一定条件下可能抑制对虾内源淀粉酶的生物学活性.从本研究看,地衣芽孢杆菌胞外产物在一定程度上可促进对虾的淀粉酶活性,而当胞外产物活性高于0.02 U/mg蛋白质时,对虾淀粉酶活性将受到抑制.     

Speculations on the geological causes of backscatter variation on GLORIA sonographs from the Mississippi and De Soto fans,Gulf of Mexico

Published analyses of 61 piston cores, bottom photographs, and dredge samples provide ground truth for 6.5 kHz GLORIA side-scan sonar records of the Mississippi and De Soto fans. GLORIA sound appears to have penetrated through up to 4 m of foraminiferal ooze and terrigenous mud to reach sandy sediments. Possible primary geological causes of high backscatter include slump structures at various scales (1->1,000 cm), possible debris flow fabrics (roughness 1–100 cm) in sandy (5–21%) sediments, and thin ironstone crusts with a roughness of tens of centimeters.     

A description of Ovalipes trimaculatus (De Haan, 1833) (Brachyura: Portunidae: Polybiinae) zoeae reared in the laboratory

The zoeae larvae of Ovalipes trimaculatus (De Haan 1833) are described from laboratory-reared specimens, and some evidence is provided to support the division of the genus Ovalipes into subgroups.     

The Benthic Phase of the Life Cycle of Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan (Crustacea Decapoda) along the Southeastern Coast of the Mediterranean

Abstract. Recruitment, migration, growth and longevity of populations of Penaeus semisulcatus along the southeastern coast of the Mediterranean were investigated. The general pattern of the life cycle of P. semisulcatus and the parameters affecting it were identified.
Relative population density, measured by catch per unit effort, as well as relative age estimated by age group body length were used to study the pattern of the benthic phase of the life cycle.     

Feeding intensity and molecular prey identification of the mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844), in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay

Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided.     

Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (De Haan 1844) in the coastal area of Tongyeong,Korea

Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria, were investigated in the Tongyeong, Korea from July 2014 to August 2015. A total of 2,621 samples (1,380 females and 1,241 males) were collected during the study period. Females were observed more frequently than males. The mean body length (BL) was 128.5 ± 0.38 mm in females and 126.9 ± 0.42 mm in males. The mean body weight (BW) was 31.2 ± 0.28 g in females and 31.1 ± 0.32 g in males. There was a significant difference in the length-frequency distribution between females and males. The relationship between BL and BW was lnBW = 2.85 × lnBL - 10.43 for females and lnBW = 2.87 × lnBL -10.52 for males. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied on a monthly basis. The GSI reached a maximum in May and a minimum in November. The highest values of the GSI coincided with the spawning period of O. oratoria. Larger individuals of O. oratoria have their spawning season earlier than smaller ones. The size at sexual maturity of females was estimated as 96.5 mm. The Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were BL_∞ = 184.5 mm, K = 0.72 year^?1, C = 0.36 and WP = 0.45 for females and BL_∞ = 183.75 mm, K = 0.82 year^?1, C = 0.38 and WP = 0.22 for males. The growth of males was slightly faster than females. The present study will help with the fisheries management of O. oratoria based on ecological parameters.