班公湖-怒江缝合带东段晚白垩世红层古地磁研究及其构造意义

班公湖-怒江缝合带古地磁研究对约束印度与亚洲大陆碰撞所导致亚洲大陆内部构造缩短量具有重要意义。本文对班公湖-怒江缝合带东段晚白垩世红层开展了详细的古地磁学研究。本研究共获得了30个采点共约298块/个定向古地磁样品。通过系统热退磁分析,共获得25个采点的有效特征剩磁方向。这些特征剩磁结果同时通过了褶皱检验和倒转检验,表明岩石可能记录了原生剩磁方向。25个采点的特征剩磁方向平均值为Ds=355.7°、Is=28.5°、κs=41.6、α₉₅=4.5°,相应的古地磁极位置为72.8°N、288.0°E、dp/dm=2.7°/4.9°。等温剩磁磁化率各向异性分析显示所获得的古地磁方向不存在明显的磁倾角浅化现象。本次研究结果限定了班公湖-怒江缝合带东段晚白垩世的古纬度为15.2±3.7°N（参考点：31.9°N/93.8°E）。通过对比拉萨、羌塘地块古地磁数据和亚洲大陆古地磁参考极表明：（1）晚白垩世以来班公湖-怒江缝合带与拉萨地块南缘之间并不存在明显的构造缩短;（2）晚白垩世以来班公湖-怒江缝合带（94°E经度方向上）与亚洲大陆刚性块体之间发生了约1150±330km的南北向构造缩短。

     

Paleomagnetism of Peninsular Malaysia

Paleomagnetic results from Upper Jurassic to Paleocene rocks in Peninsular Malaysia show counter clockwise (CCW) rotations, while clockwise rotations (CW) are predominantly found in older rocks. Continental redbeds of the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Tembeling Group have a post folding remagnetization, giving a VGP at N54°E29°, corresponding to approximately 40° of CCW rotation relative to Eurasia and 60° CCW relative to the Indochina block (Khorat Plateau). Samples from Cretaceous to Paleocene mafic volcanics of the Kuantan dike swarm and the Segamat basalts give VGPs at N59°E47° and N34°E36°, respectively. These Malayasian data are indistinguishable from the Late Eocene and Oligocene VGPs reported for Borneo and the Celebes Sea and are similar to the Eocene VGPs reported for southwest Sulawesi and southwest Palawan. The occurrence of CCW deflected data over this large region suggests that much of Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Celebes Sea rotated approximately 30° to 40° CCW relative to the Geocentric Axial Dipole (GAD) between the Late Eocene and the Late Miocene, although not necessarily synchronously, nor as a single rigid plate. These regional CCW rotations are not consistent with simple extrusion based tectonic models. CW declinations have been measured in Late Triassic granites, Permian to Triassic volcanics, and remagnetized Paleozoic carbonates. The age of this magnetization is poorly understood and may be as old as Late Triassic, or as young as Middle or Late Cretaceous. The plate, or block rotations, giving rise to these directions are correspondingly weakly constrained.     

阿尔金断裂走滑作用对青藏高原东北缘山脉形成的古地磁证据

通过对青藏高原北部阿尔金断裂东缘早白垩世-第三纪红层与玄武岩38个采点的系统古地磁测定,获得了研究区早白垩世-第三纪高温特征剩磁分量。结果表明,昌马乡早白垩世红层与玄武岩剖面层面坐标下高温特征剩磁平均方向(Ds=32.8°,Is=59.4°,κs=36.2,α95=8.1°)和北大窖早白垩世玄武岩剖面层面坐标下高温特征剩磁平均方向(Ds=335.4°,Is=55.1°,κs=34,α95=9.6°)均通过了褶皱检验,可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁。旱峡地区早白垩世地层层面坐标下高温特征剩磁平均方向(Ds=26.1°,Is=49.5°,κs=28.6,α95=7.3°)和红柳峡早第三纪地层层面坐标下高温特征剩磁平均方向(Ds=355.4°,Is=48.3°,κs=135.8,α95=7.9°),这两组高温特征剩磁方向在地理坐标下均远离现代地磁场方向,且具有正、反双极性特征,说明其也可能代表了岩石形成时的原生剩磁方向。结合已有阿尔金断裂及周边早白垩世-第三纪古地磁结果,提出柴达木块体在新生代印度/欧亚大陆碰撞挤压下并没有发生明显的整体顺时针旋转作用,青藏高原东北地区的块体旋转作用是阿尔金断裂左旋走滑作用在青藏高原东北缘转换的重要表现形式。     

青藏高原羌塘盆地晚三叠世古地磁数据及其构造意义

羌塘盆地作为青藏高原主要的地体之一,其中生代的地质演化对于研究古特提斯洋关闭和冈瓦纳大陆解体都具有重要的指示意义。为查明羌塘盆地中生代的演化过程,在南、北羌塘坳陷上三叠统扎拉组和土门格拉组地层中共采集200余件砂岩样品进行古地磁对比研究。热退磁实验显示,大部分样品均含有两个磁组分,并揭示出一组高温特征剩磁分量,在95%置信度下通过正倒转检验和正褶皱检验,说明这组高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁。南、北羌塘坳陷中样品的平均特征剩磁方向分别为D/I=28°/45.5°(a₉₅＝3.6°)和D/I=35.3°/46.5°(a₉₅＝4.0°);其相近的古地磁极和古纬度表明,南、北羌塘在晚三叠世已经属于一个统一的地块,并且具有北纬27°的古纬度。再结合前人研究成果发现,羌塘盆地晚古生代位于南半球中纬度地区,晚二叠世时已靠近赤道,并逐渐从冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解开来向北漂移。羌塘盆地与塔里木地块在晚三叠世实现了碰撞拼合;中白垩世时,又与拉萨地块完成了板块碰撞。至此,羌塘盆地与周缘各地块基本上完成了碰撞拼合。     

Magnetic overprints in granitoids and metamorphic rocks from Limousin (France): evidence for Late Variscan rotations, crustal folding and tilting

Generally, the lack of bedding criteria in basement units hampers the interpretation of paleomagnetic results in terms of geotectonics. Nevertheless, this work demonstrates that successive remagnetizations recorded in Early Carboniferous metamorphic and plutonic units, without clear bedding criteria, can be used to constrain a polyphased tectonic evolution consisting of a regional clockwise rotation, followed by a folding phase, a tilting phase and a second regional clockwise rotation.Metamorphic, ultrabasic, tonalitic and granitic rocks from different parts of Limousin (western French Massif central; 45.5°N/1.25°E), which underwent metamorphism during Devonian–Early Carboniferous or were intruded in the Early–Middle Carboniferous, were sampled in order (a) to identify the magnetic overprinting phases and the related tectono-magmatic events and (b) to constrain the regional and plate tectonic evolution of Limousin. Paleomagnetic results from 32 new and 26 sites investigated previously show that at least 90% of the magnetization isolated in rocks older than 330 Ma are overprints. In agreement with results from adjacent areas of the Variscan belt, the major overprinting phases occurred: (a) in the last stages of the major exhumation phase [332–328 Ma; mean Virtual Geomagnetic Pole (VGP) “Cp”: 37°N/70.5°E], (b) during the post-collisional syn-orogenic extension (325–315 Ma; VGP “B”: 11°N/114°E), (c) in the Latest Carboniferous and Early Permian (VGP “A1”: 27°N/149°E) and (d) in the Late Permian (VGP “A”: 48°N/146°E). The Middle–Late Carboniferous overprints “Cp” and “B” are contemporaneous with emplacement of leucogranitic, crustal derived plutons, and probably result from the hydro-thermal activity related to the magmatism. The drift from “Cp” directions to “B” directions implies that after 330 Ma, Limousin underwent a clockwise rotation by 65°, together with the Central Europe Variscides. The “Bt” components, the VGPs of which deviate from the mean apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the belt, are interpreted as “B” overprints tilted during Late Variscan tectonics, that is, in the time range 325–315 Ma. The first and most important generation of “Bt” overprints was tilted during NW–SE folding associated with NE–SW shortening, updoming and emplacement of leucogranitic plutons. The second generation reveals southeastward tilting due to NE-striking normal faulting. The drift from “B” to “A1” directions implies that Limousin has participated to the second clockwise rotation by 40° of the whole belt in Westphalian times.     

内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世古地磁新数据及其地质意义

对采自内蒙古苏尼特左旗白音乌拉乡晚石炭世—早二叠世宝力高庙组和敖汉旗安庆沟乡晚石炭世酒局子组的凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩开展了古地磁学研究。宝力高庙组和酒局子组样品退磁特征表明,高温剩磁分量均以赤铁矿为主要载磁矿物,可能携带了岩石形成时期的特征剩磁分量。层面校正后2个组平均特征剩磁分量分别为:D=159.3°,I=-33.1°,α95=8.7°;D=328.8°,I=31.3°,α95=5.7°。这反映了内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世位于北纬17°—18°N。将所获得的古地磁结果与已发表的相邻地区古地磁数据进行比较,并结合古生物、古气候等地质数据,推测晚石炭世—早二叠世时内蒙古中部与华北地块关系密切,距离较近,而远离西伯利亚地块,内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世时可能是华北地块的组成部分。     

The drift history of the Dharwar Craton and India from 2.37 Ga to 1.01 Ga with refinements for an initial Rodinia configuration

Coupled paleomagnetic and geochronologic data derived from mafic dykes provide valuable records of continental movement. To reconstruct the Proterozoic paleogeographic history of Peninsular India, we report paleomagnetic directions and U-Pb zircon ages from twenty-nine mafic dykes in the Eastern Dharwar Craton near Hyderabad. Paleomagnetic analysis yielded clusters of directional data that correspond to dyke swarms at 2.37 Ga, 2.22 Ga, 2.08 Ga, 1.89–1.86 Ga, 1.79 Ga, and a previously undated dual polarity magnetization. We report new positive baked contact tests for the 2.08 Ga swarm and the 1.89–1.86 Ga swarm(s), and a new inverse baked contact test for the 2.08 Ga swarm. Our results promote the 2.08 Ga Dharwar Craton paleomagnetic pole (43.1° N, 184.5° E; A95 = 4.3°) to a reliability score of R = 7 and suggest a position for the Dharwar Craton at 1.79 Ga based on a virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) at 33.0° N, 347.5° E (a95 = 16.9°, k = 221, N = 2). The new VGP for the Dharwar Craton provides support for the union of the Dharwar, Singhbhum, and Bastar Cratons in the Southern India Block by at least 1.79 Ga. Combined new and published northeast-southwest moderate-steep dual polarity directions from Dharwar Craton dykes define a new paleomagnetic pole at 20.6° N, 233.1° E (A95 = 9.2°, N = 18; R = 5). Two dykes from this group yielded 1.05–1.01 Ga ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb zircon ages and this range is taken as the age of the new paleomagnetic pole. A comparison of the previously published poles with our new 1.05–1.01 Ga pole shows India shifting from equatorial to higher (southerly) latitudes from 1.08 Ga to 1.01 Ga as a component of Rodinia.     

Paleomagnetic evidence for a large counterclockwise rotation of northern Greece prior to the Tertiary clockwise rotation

Abstract

This study aims at unravel the geotectonic evolution of northern Greece prior to the already established Tertiary clockwise rotation. Therefore, Mesozoie sediments, Early Mesozoie ophiolites and Carboniferous granites were sampled. While the metamorphosed and/or too weakly magnetized limestones had to be rejected, the gabbros and serpentinites of the 80 km long Chalkidiki belt (40.4°N, 23.3”E), and the granites of the northern Pelagonian zone (40.8°N, 21.2°E) have yielded similar results interpretable in terms of geoleetonies. In both areas the demagnetizing process has revealed a poh phased magnetic evolution.

The oldest magnetizations, labelled M (D=311°, I=20°, a₉₅, = 15°; VGP: 37°N, 272.5°, for the ophiolites; D=320.5°, I = 26°, a₉₅ =11°; VGP : 46°N, 264.5”E, for the granites) are interpreted as overprints acquired in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous times. The younger magnetizations, called C2 (D = 66°, I = 28°, a₉₅ = 9°; VGP : 28°N, 117°E, in the ophiolites ; D=64°, I = 2° a₉₅, = 11°; VCP : 20°N, I28°E, in the granites) are Tertiary overprints. Northeasterly C’ directions with negative inclinations (and conversely) are considered as overprints empiaceli prior to the Ca magnetizations ; they are interpreted as due to a barkthrusting of the ophiolilic belt of Chalkidiki and of the N. Pelagonian granitic belt, during the Early - Middle Tertiary convergence phase. The large deviation from the M to the C₂ directions, also observed by other authors in Mesozoic volcanics and sediments, results from a counterclockwise rotation of the Hellenides, probably in the Late Cretaceous as it is the case for the counterclockwise rotations of the western Mediterranean microplates. The deviation from the C₂ to the present field direction is due to a clockwise rotation of all Hellenic zones, probably in several phases.     

Combined paleomagnetic and geochronological study on Cretaceous strata of the Qiangtang terrane,central Tibet

A combined paleomagnetic and geochronological investigation has been performed on Cretaceous rocks in southern Qiangtang terrane (32.5°N, 84.3°E), near Gerze, central Tibetan Plateau. A total of 14 sites of volcanic rocks and 22 sites of red beds have been sampled. Our new U–Pb geochronologic study of zircons dates the volcanic rocks at 103.8 ± 0.46 Ma (Early Cretaceous) while the red beds belong to the Late Cretaceous. Rock magnetic experiments suggest that magnetite and hematite are the main magnetic carriers. After removing a low temperature component of viscous magnetic remanence, stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) was isolated successfully from all the sites by stepwise thermal demagnetization. The tilt-corrected mean direction from the 14 lava sites is D = 348.0°, I = 47.3°, k = 51.0, α₉₅ = 5.6°, corresponding to a paleopole at 79.3°N, 339.8°E, A₉₅ = 5.7° and yielding a paleolatitude of 29.3° ± 5.7°N for the study area. The ChRM directions isolated from the volcanic rocks pass a fold test at 95% confidence, suggesting a primary origin. The volcanic data appear to have effectively averaged out secular variation as indicated by both geological evidence and results from analyzing the virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) scatter. The mean inclination from the Late Cretaceous red beds, however, is 13.1° shallower than that of the ~ 100 Ma volcanic rocks. After performing an elongation/inclination analysis on 174 samples of the red beds, a mean inclination of 47.9° with 95% confidence limits between 41.9° and 54.3° is obtained, which is consistent with the mean inclination of the volcanic rocks. The site-mean direction of the Late Cretaceous red beds after tilt-correction and inclination shallowing correction is D = 312.6°, I = 47.7°, k = 109.7, α₉₅ = 3.0°, N = 22 sites, corresponding to a paleopole at 49.2°N, 1.9°E, A₉₅ = 3.2° (yielding a paleolatitude of 28.7° ± 3.2°N for the study area). The ChRM of the red beds also passes a fold test at 99% confidence, indicating a primary origin. Comparing the paleolatitude of the Qiangtang terrane with the stable Asia, there is no significant difference between our sampling location in the southern Qiangtang terrane and the stable Asia during ~ 100 Ma and Late Cretaceous. Our results together with the high quality data previously published suggest that an ~ 550 km N–S convergence between the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes happened after ~ 100 Ma. Comparison of the mean directions with expected directions from the stable Asia indicates that the Gerze area had experienced a significant counterclockwise rotation after ~ 100 Ma, which is most likely caused by the India–Asia collision.     

青藏高原东北部沉积物磁倾角浅化之成因探究

磁倾角是古纬度的记录者,对许多构造活动有着很好的揭示作用。但在青藏高原,沉积物的磁倾角往往要比火山岩或欧亚极预测的值要小,这很大程度上制约了对该地区构造演化历史的了解。本文应用 E/I 统计分析法对青藏高原东北部几个典型山间盆地的已有古地磁数据进行分析,发现该地区沉积物中普遍存在的10°~20°磁倾角浅化可以通过该法矫正,揭示出该地区的磁倾角浅化可能是由于沉积物在沉积过程中或沉积后的压实作用造成; 同时也表明该地区在晚新生代以来南北向缩短量并不是十分显著,至少是在古地磁研究的误差范围以内。     

Paleomagnetism of the Late Cretaceous intrusions from the Minusa trough (southern Siberia)

The paper summarizes paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic data on the Late Cretaceous diatremes and associated dikes from the Minusa trough located within the southwestern Siberian Platform. It is shown that the stable characteristic component of magnetization is superimposed magnetization (in physical sense). It is linked to Fe-rich titanomagnetite produced by the decay and oxidation of Ti-rich titanomagnetite derived from a primary magma. This process, however, coincides in time with the intrusion cooling, which is supported by paleomagnetic tests. Correlation of magnetic polarity with ³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar ages suggests that the acquired stable characteristic component of magnetization corresponds to magnetic Chrons C33-C32 and characterizes the Middle Campanian magnetic field (74–82 Ma). The mean paleomagnetic pole for this span is located at 82.8° N, 188.5° E, with α₉₅ = 6.1 and, within confidence intervals, coincides with the reference data from the European part of the Eurasian plate. The excellent agreement between virtual paleomagnetic poles testifies that the intraplate motions in the Mesozoic resulting in the crust deformation of Central Asia ceased in the late Cretaceous or were so small that elude detection by the paleomagnetic method.     

Palaeomagnetism and tectonic rotation of the Hastings Terrane,eastern Australia

The Hastings Terrane comprises two or three major fragments of the arc‐related Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia, and is now located in an apparently allochthonous position outboard of the subduction complex. A palaeomagnetic investigation of many rock units has been undertaken to shed light on this anomalous location and orientation of this terrane. Although many of the units have been overprinted, pre‐deformational magnetizations have been isolated in red beds of the Late Carboniferous Kullatine Formation from the northern part of the terrane. After restoring these directions to their palaeohorizontal (pre‐plunging and pre‐folding) orientations they appear to have been rotated 130° clockwise (or 230° anti‐clockwise) when compared with coeval magnetizations from regions to the west of the Hastings Terrane. Although these data are insensitive to translational displacements, a clockwise rotation is incompatible with models previously proposed on geological grounds. While an anti‐clockwise rotation is in the same sense as these models the magnitude appears to be too great by about 100°. Nevertheless, the palaeomagnetically determined rotation brings the palaeoslopes of the Tamworth Belt, facing east, and the Northern Hastings Terrane, facing west before rotation and facing southeast after rotation, into better agreement. A pole position of 14.4°N, 155.6°E (A₉₅ = 6.9°) has been determined for the Kullatine Formation (after plunge and bedding correction but not corrected for the hypothetical rotation). Reversed magnetizations interpreted to have formed during original cooling are present in the Werrikimbe Volcanics. The pole position from the Werrikimbe Volcanics is at 31.6° S, 185.3° E (A₉₅ = 26.6°). These rocks are the volcanic expression of widespread igneous activity during the Late Triassic (～ 226 Ma). While this activity is an obvious potential cause of the magnetic overprinting found in the older units, the magnetic directions from the volcanics and the overprints are not coincident. However, because only a few units could be sampled, the error in the mean direction from the volcanics makes it difficult to make a fair comparison with the directions of overprinted units. The overprint poles determined from normal polarity magnetizations of the Kullatine Formation is at 61.0°S, 155.6°E (A₉₅ = 6.9°) and a basalt from Ellenborough is at 50.7° S, 148.8° E (A₉₅ = 15.4°), and from reversed polarity magnetizations, also from the basalt at Ellenborough is at 49.4° S, 146.2° E (A₉₅ = 20.4°). These are closer to either an Early Permian or a mid‐Cretaceous position, rather than a Late Triassic position, on the Australian apparent polar wandering path. Therefore, despite their mixed polarity, and global observations that the Permian and mid‐Cretaceous geomagnetic fields were of constant polarities, the age of these overprint magnetizations appears to be either Early Permian or mid‐Cretaceous.     

Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Rind River Range, Wyoming, USA

We present geochronologic and paleomagnetic data from a north-trending quartz diorite intrusion that cuts Archean metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the South Pass Greenstone Belt of the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite was previously thought to be either Archean or Early Proterozoic (?) in age and is cut by north and northeast-trending Proterozoic diabase dikes of uncertain age, for which we also report paleomagnetic data. New U–Pb analyses of baddeleyite and zircon from the quartz diorite yield a concordia upper intercept age of 2170±8 Ma (95% confidence). An ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole date from the same sample yields a similar apparent age of about 2124±30 Ma (2σ), thus confirming that the intrusion is Early Proterozoic in age and that it has probably not been thermally disturbed since emplacement. A magmatic event at ca. 2.17 Ga has not previously been documented in the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite and one of the crosscutting diabase dikes yield essentially identical, well-defined characteristic remanent magnetizations. Results from eight sites in the quartz diorite yield an in situ mean direction of north declination and moderate to steep positive inclination (Dec.=355°, Inc.=65°, k=145, α₉₅=5°) with a paleomagnetic pole at 84°N, 215°E (δm=6°, δp=7°). Data from other diabase dike sites are inconsistent with the quartz diorite results, but the importance of these results is uncertain because the age of the dikes is not well known. Interpretation of the quartz diorite remanent magnetization is problematic. The in situ direction is similar to expected directions for magnetizations of Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary age. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that these rocks were remagnetized during the late Mesozoic or Cenozoic. Assuming this magnetization to be primary, then the in situ paleomagnetic pole is strongly discordant with poles of 2167, 2214, and 2217 Ma from the Canadian Shield, and is consistent with proposed separation of the Wyoming Craton and Laurentia prior to about 1.8 Ga. Correcting the quartz diorite pole for the possible effects of Laramide-age tilting of the Wind River Range, based on the attitude of nearby overlying Cambrian Flathead Sandstone (dip=20°, N20°E), gives a tilt corrected pole of 75°N, 58°E (δm=4°, δp=6°), which is also discordant with respect to time-equivalent poles from the Superior Province. Reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Province using a rotation similar to that proposed by Roscoe and Card [Can. J. Earth Sci. 46(1993)2475] is problematic, but reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Provinces based on restoring them to their correct paleolatitude and orientation using a closest approach fit indicates that the two cratons could have been adjacent at about 2.17 Ga prior to rifting at about 2.15 Ga. The paleomagnetic data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that the Huronian and Snowy Pass Supergroups could have evolved as part of a single epicratonic sedimentary basin during the Early Proterozoic.     

中中新世以来阿尔金断裂走滑未造成柴达木盆地整体旋转

通过柴达木盆地南八仙剖面磁性地层学研究,建立了部分上油砂山组磁极性序列,认为该剖面时代为7.5~9.0 Ma。从320块样品的古地磁数据分析,揭示了一组高温特征剩磁分量,在95%置信度下通过倒转检验(B级),说明这组高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁,其特征剩磁方向为:地理坐标下为D_g=358.5°, I_g=40.5°, k=28.5,α₉₅=4.2,层面坐标下为D_s=1.0°, I_s=41.5°, k=34.0,α₉₅=3.8;相应的极位置为λ_p=75.9°N, φ_p=270.5°E, d_p=2.8°, d_m=4.6°。通过与同时代柴达木盆地及邻区的古地磁极对比,说明中中新世以来柴达木地块整体上没有经历明显旋转运动,阿尔金断裂活动致使肃北等毗邻断裂带地区发生了构造旋转。     

中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征

系统分析、总结了中国东南部地区中新生代地层的分布状况、沉积作用、构造特征 ,反映出地层分布总体上具 NE走向、SE— NW的分带现象 ,现今盆地的面貌有五种不同类型及相应的几何形态。分析认为 ,中国东南部早、中侏罗世普遍为拉张裂陷沉积环境 ,在赣南、粤北、闽西一带发育双峰式火山岩 ;稍后可能受到区域性挤压 ,如皖南、浙西、赣东北等地有南东向北西逆冲的压性构造 ;早白垩世为火山喷发高峰期 ,研究区均不同程度发生了火山喷发 ,其中东南沿海发育大面积的火山岩 ;早白垩世以后华南全区转为拉张 ,发育大量中、小型断陷盆地等伸展型盆地 ;晚白垩世—第三纪地壳继续处于拉张松弛环境 ,形成以裂谷环境为主要特征的火山—沉积岩石组合。这些结果表明 ,早—中侏罗世受古特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域的共同影响 ,中侏罗世之后太平洋板块占主导 ,上述现象主要系太平洋板块在晚中生代不同阶段对中国东南部俯冲作用的方位、俯冲速率、俯冲角度有所变化所导致     

New palaeomagnetic data from Central Iran and a Triassic palaeoreconstruction

New pole positions for Triassic and Cretaceous times have been obtained from volcanic and sedimentary sequences in Central Iran. These new results confirm the general trend of the Apparent Polar Wander Path (APWP) of the Central-East-Iran microplate (CEIM) from the Triassic through the Tertiary as published by Soffel and Förster (1983, 1984). Two new palaeopoles for the Triassic of the CEIM have been obtained; limestones and tuffs from the Nakhlak region yield a mean direction of 094.0°/25.0°, N=12, k=4.1,α ₉₅=24.7°, after bedding correction, corresponding to a palaeopole position of 310.8°E; 3.9°S, and volcanic rocks from the Sirjan regions yield a mean direction of 114.5°/35.1°, N=44, k=45.9,α ₉₅=3.2° after bedding correction and a palaeopole position of 295.8°E; 10.3°N. Combining these with the two previously published results yields a new palaeopole position of 317.5°E; 12.7°N, for the Triassic of the CEIM, thus confirming that large counterclockwise rotations of the CEIM have occurred since the Triassic time. New results have also been obtained from Cretaceous limestones from the Saghand region of the CEIM. The mean direction of 340.7°/26.3°, N=33, k=44.3,α ₉₅=3.8°, and the corresponding palaeopole position of 283.1°E; 64.4°N, is in agreement with previously determined Cretaceous palaeopole positions of the CEIM. Furthermore, results have also been obtained from Triassic dolomite, limestone, sandstone and siltstone from the Natanz region, which is located to the west of the CEIM. A total of 161 specimens from 44 cores taken at five sites gave a mean direction of the five sites at 033.3°/25.1°, N=5, k=69.0,α ₉₅=9.3° and a palaeopole position of 167.2°E; 53.7°N. They pass the positive fold test of McElhinny (1964) on the level of 99% confidence. This pole position is in fairly good agreement with the mean Triassic pole position of the Turan Plate (149°E; 49°N). It indicates that the area of Natanz has not undergone the large counterclockwise rotation relative to the Turan plate since the Triassic, which has been shown for the CEIM. A Triassic palaeogeographic reconstruction of Iran, Arabia (Gondwana) and the Turan Plate (Eurasia) is also presented.     

A Late Cretaceous pole for the Pacific plate: implications for apparent and true polar wander and the drift of hotspots

We present a Late Cretaceous (81 Ma) pole position for the Pacific plate derived from paleomagnetic analyses of basalt samples from Detroit Seamount (of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamounts) that were oriented using Brunhes-age overprints. This pole is at much higher latitudes than the previously published Late Cretaceous pole positions based on the modeling of magnetic anomalies observed during marine surveys over seamounts. Our new pole suggests that the Pacific plate would have moved rapidly between 95 and 81 Ma at speeds as high as 19.8 (−10.8/+11.2) cm/year. The Pacific plate at this time was smaller than the present-day plate and had a substantial subducting boundary. The high-velocity estimates are comparable with those of other paleoplates having similar characteristics. Therefore, plate tectonic driving forces can explain the motion and there is no need to invoke true polar wander. Decreases in mantle drag associated with vigorous Late Cretaceous volcanism in the Pacific, however, may have contributed to the rapid plate speed. The new pole position, together with other reliable paleomagnetic indicators of Pacific apparent polar wander, further supports the notion of drift of the Hawaiian hotspot during the Late Cretaceous.     

Further paleomagnetic results from the ~ 155 Ma Tiaojishan Formation,Yanshan Belt,North China,and their implications for the tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture

A new paleomagnetic study on well-dated (~ 155 Ma) volcanic rocks of the Tiaojishan Formation (Fm) in the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) has been carried out. A total of 194 samples were collected from 26 sites in the Yanshan Belt areas of Luanping, Beipiao, and Shouwangfen. All samples were subjected to stepwise thermal demagnetization. After removal of a recent geomagnetic field viscous component, a stable high temperature component (HTC) was isolated. The inclinations of our new data are significantly steeper than those previously published from the Tiaojishan Fm in the Chengde area (Pei et al., 2011, Tectonophysics, 510, 370–380). Our analyses demonstrate that the paleomagnetic directions obtained from each sampled area were strongly biased by paleosecular variation (PSV), but the PSV can be averaged out by combining all the virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) from the Tiaojishan Fm in the region. The mean pole at 69.6°N/203.0°E (A₉₅ = 5.6°) passes a reversal test and regional tilting test at 95% confidence and is thus considered as a primary paleomagnetic record. This newly determined pole of the Tiaojishan Fm is consistent with available Late Jurassic poles from red-beds in the southern part of the NCB, but they are incompatible with coeval poles of Siberia and the reference pole of Eurasia, indicating that convergence between Siberia and the NCB had not yet ended by ~ 155 Ma. Our calculation shows a ~ 1600-km latitudinal plate movement and crustal shortening between the Siberia and NCB after ~ 155 Ma. In addition, no significant vertical axis rotation was found either between our sampled areas or between the Yanshan Belt and the major part of the NCB after ~ 155 Ma.     

Paleomagnetic study of the Messejana Plasencia dyke (Portugal and Spain): A lower Jurassic paleopole for the Iberian plate

The only Iberian lower Jurassic paleomagnetic pole come from the “Central Atlantic Magmatic Province”-related Messejana Plasencia dyke, but the age and origin of its remanence have been a matter of discussion. With the aim of solving this uncertainty, and to go further into a better understanding of its emplacement and other possible tectonic features, a systematic paleomagnetic investigation of 40 sites (625 specimens) distributed all along the 530 km of the Messejana Plasencia dyke has been carried out. Rock magnetic experiments indicate PSD low Ti-titanomagnetite and magnetite as the minerals carrying the NRM. The samples were mostly thermally demagnetized. Most sites exhibit a characteristic remanent component of normal polarity with the exception of two sites, where samples with reversed polarities have been observed. The paleomagnetic pole derived from a total of 35 valid sites is representative of the whole structure of the dyke, and statistically well defined, with values of PLa = 70.4°N, PLo = 237.6°E, K = 47.9 and A₉₅ = 3.5°. Paleomagnetic data indicates that: (i) there is no evidence of a Cretaceous remagnetization in the dyke, as it was suggested; (ii) most of the dyke had a brief emplacement time; furthermore, two dyke intrusion events separated in time from it by at least 10,000 y have been detected; (iii) the high grouping of the VGPs directions suggests no important tectonic perturbations of the whole structure of the dyke since its intrusion time; (iv) the pole derived from this study is a good quality lower Jurassic paleopole for the Iberian plate; and (v) the Messejana Plasencia dyke paleopole for the Iberian plate is also in agreement with quality-selected European and North American lower Jurassic paleopoles and the magnetic anomalies data sets that are available for rotate them to Iberia.     

Tectonic implications of paleomagnetic research into Upper Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania

The paleomagnetism of Upper Cretaceous magmatic rocks from 47 collecting sites (172 samples, 692 specimens) in the Apuseni Mountains was studied. After AF cleaning, characteristic magnetizations were identified for various collecting areas in the study zone, which defined a few spatial and temporal units for which paleomagnetic poles could be derived statistically. At 21 sampling sites the paleomagnetic directions showed a high level of intrasite and intersite consistency, with a mean direction of I_f = −38° and D_f = −100°, with ₉₅ = 6°. The paleomagnetic results show that to reach their present-day position the Apuseni Mountains moved to the north, around 14° with respect to Europe, or around 25° with respect to the geographic poles, between the Campanian and, probably, Late Miocene, while a clockwise rotation, of around 80°, was taking place.