流体—岩石反应体系中的硼同位素地球化学

Ｂ在岩浆作用中对于主要造岩矿物的不相容性和水溶液中的较大溶解度使其在地壳（１０×１０＾－６）和海洋（４．６×１０＾－６）中大量富集。在自然界中Ｂ的同位素组成变化很大（δ＾１１Ｂ＝－３２‰－＋５８‰），但在不同类型地质体中却有较特定的分布范围。造成自然界的Ｂ的同位素分馏的主要原因在于流体－固体反应体系的ｐＨ条件和水／岩比值变化。Ｂ的这些特殊地位化学性质在不同地质地球化学作用示踪，特别是与流体有关的地     

横岭关铜矿床地球化学研究

对横岭关铜矿床中稀土元素、同位素和矿物包裹体地球化学研究表明，矿床形成温度为３５０℃±３０℃；压力为３８×１０~５Ｐａ～２４０×１０~５Ｐａ；盐度为３０ｗｔ％～４２ｗｔ％；ｌｏｇｆｏ_２为－３０．４１～－３１．４７；ｌｏｇｆｓ_２为－５．４～－８；ｐＨ值为７．３；ｌｏｇｆｃｏ_２为－２．４９；铜的溶解度（ｌｏｇｍ_（Ｃｕ））为－５．８７～－２．２１。围岩的铅－铅同位素年龄为１７７５×１０~６ａ，矿石的铅－铅同位素年龄为１８４５×１０~６ａ；矿石硫同位素组成，δ~（３４）Ｓ为－８．１‰～３６．９‰，显示出硫同位素为非平衡特征；碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成，δ~（１３）Ｃ为－７．１‰～－２．６‰，δ~（１３）Ｃ_（∑Ｃ）为－５．３‰；成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成具有变质热卤水的特点，认为该矿床属于变质热卤水成矿。     

浙江遂昌地区金矿床矿物包裹体研究

对浙江遂昌地区所发现的金（银）矿床之矿物包裹体研究表明，其均一化温度多集中在１４０～２６０℃，成矿压力（０．２～０．６）×１０２ＭＰａ，气液比在５％～２７％。成矿流体为液态，矿液中主要有Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｉ，Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｓｉ．Ｍｇ，Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣＯ２．Ｃｌ，Ｆ，Ｓ，Ｍｎ，Ｌｉ．Ｔｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ等组分。成矿时的含矿流体呈弱酸性─中性（ｐＨ４．５６～５．１４），盐度较高（ＮａＣｌ（２０～３２）ｗＢ％）．根据这些特征，并综合其产出的大地构造环境及成矿地质条件，认为该区所产出的金（银）矿床在成因上属地洼型火山─次火山中（─低）温热液矿床。     

黄土中硼的同位素组成变化及其气候示踪意义研究

自然界中硼的同位素组成变化很大(δ１１Ｂ＝－３０‰～＋４０‰),但在不问类型地质体中的分布或一定地质地球化学过程造成的分馏却有特定的范围。硼同位素分馏的主要原因是流体—固体反应体系的ｐＨ条件和水－岩比值变化。硼的这些特殊地球化学性质在不同地质地球化学作用示踪,特别是与流体作用有关的地球化学过程的研究中得到了广泛的应用。近年来有学者利用硼同位素组成示踪古海水的ｐＨ变化,但利用硼同位素示踪其它古环境或气候变化的研究却相当少。本文试图通过研究黄土中不同相态硼的同位素组成变化来识别黄土化学风化过程中流体介质的ｐＨ条件以及其它与风化作用强度有关的各种信息,并进一步发掘硼同位素组成变化在反映古气候、古环境     

金堆城斑岩钼矿床地质地球化学特征及成因

金堆城斑岩钼矿是东秦岭超大型钼矿带内最重要钼矿床之一,该矿床的形成与中生代花岗斑岩有关,且岩体顶部发育了典型的钾长石石英条纹岩。矿区内含脉率和裂隙发育程度可作为矿化强度的一个重要标志。成矿流体研究表明主要成矿阶段温度为２００°Ｃ±;成矿流体含盐度具有双配分模式特征,盐度介于２７５～４２５ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）ｅｑ％和０６１～１７ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）％两个区间之内;成矿流体成分以富Ｃｌ－、Ｋ＋、ＳＯ２－４、贫Ｆ－、Ｎａ＋、ＨＣＯ－３为特征。稳定同位素研究表明δ３４Ｓ‰介于１２３～４３４之间;δ１８Ｏ‰介于１１８３～８５９之间,δＤ‰介于５７２２～１２０６９之间;稳定同位素数值说明成矿热液早期以岩浆热液为主,晚期有雨水加入     

中国东部幔源气体同位素地球化学

中国东部地幔岩包体及其单矿物中发育有大量的流体包裹体，采用阶段加热真空热爆的 方法脱出幔源包裹体中的气体，测试了气体的碳、氧、氦、氮等同位素组成。ＣＯ２的σ１３℃普遍较低， 主峰值为（－１８～－２２）×１０－3 ，多数样品在高温下的 σ１３℃普遍小于低温下的对应值。氧同位素变 化也很大，从－３．４×１０－３至２５．５×１０－３（ＳＭＯＷ），并呈现多峰的特征。σ１８Ｏ与σ１Ｃ３具有很好的相 关性，可能受控于同种分馏机制。Ｃ、Ｏ同位素组成特征表明，中国东部大陆地幔具有很大的化学不 均一性，可能是由地幔碳的多样性、源区的不均一性或地幔交代作用所致。氧同位素的变化可能是 结晶作用、去气作用或地壳物质混染所至。４Ｈｅ含量变化范围为（０．２４～２５．００）×１０－８，３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ变 化范围为（０．４６～１２．８０）×１０－６，４０Ａｒ含量从０．９７×１０－６到３４．１８×１０－６，４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ变化范围为 ２５０．５８～１２０２。３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ的变化反映了亏损地幔和富集地幔的存在。不同地区４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ的巨大差 异显示了地幔脱气程度的不同，也说明在地幔演化中Ａｒ、Ｈｅ同位素地球化学行为的差异。     

广东长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及同位素地球化学研究

通过长坑金银矿床流体包裹体及氢氧硫碳同位素的研究，表明金矿体与银矿体在空间上虽存在分带性，但成矿的物质来源和成矿热液来源是相同的。金银矿床的形成，成矿温度为２５０℃，Ｌｏｇｆｏ２为－３８～－３７，ｐＨ为４．０～５．６，硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值为－６．６‰～８．８‰；成矿热液水的δ１８Ｏ值和δＤ值分别为－７．８‰～９．０‰和－８０‰～－４３‰；金银矿石Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为１３３×１０６ａ～１３７×１０６ａ。因此，金银矿床的形成为燕山期岩浆活动提供热源，使大气降水在地层中循环淋滤，带出地层中成矿物质，并在容矿构造中沉淀形成矿床。     

中国东部地幔CO2流体包裹体的碳同位素初步研究

采用分步加热爆裂法收集中国东部１１个地点的新生代玄武岩中１３个富ＣＯ２流体包裹体捕捞体（包括１２个橄榄岩和１个麻粒岩）的ＣＯ２，做了碳同位素测定，８００℃的δ＾１３Ｃ主要集中分布于－１６．０‰－－２２．０‰，１１００℃的δ＾１３Ｃ主要集中分布于－２１．０‰－２９．０‰。初步结果表明，地幔演化不同阶段的流体ＣＯ２碳同位素组成不同。     

广西百色盆地州景矿第三系褐煤有机地球化学与煤岩学研究 Ⅳ．单化合物碳稳定同位素推断生物标志物起源

一个未成熟褐煤抽提物中，高等植物生源化合物的同位素值在全煤碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ值－２７．０‰）的±２‰范围内，表明相似成煤植物对这些化合物的贡献，或者其成煤植物经历过相似的生物合成分馏效应。所检测的萜烃类按同位素差异分为两组：二萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．０±１．４‰）和倍半萜类（δ１３Ｃ值－２５．９±１．５‰）平均较全煤样富集１～２％。１３Ｃ，而奥利烷－乌散烷－羽扇烷型衍生物（δ１３Ｃ值－２９．０±０．８‰）平均比全煤样减少１～２‰１３Ｃ。Ｃ１５～Ｃ３５正烷烃δ１３Ｃ平均值－３２．４±０．６‰，据此表明Ｃ１７～Ｃ２２和Ｃ２２～Ｃ３３正烷烃的同位素值与上述平均值没有明显差异。与全煤样相比较，该煤样抽提物的藿烷衍生物１３Ｃ值则减少８～３４‰，标志在成煤过程中甲烷的细菌循环起着作用。     

青海大柴达木湖卤水、沉积物和水源水中的锂同位素组成

采用Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７，的热电离质谱技术研究了青海大柴达木湖的理同位素组成。与湖底沉积物相比，卤水富集７￣Ｌｉ，其平均δ￣６Ｌｉ值为－２１．７±１．５‰。湖水与沉积物间的同位素分馏因素α＝１．００９±０．００２，来源水的δ￣６Ｌｉ值变化范围为＋６．１‰－－２８．６‰，由它们的来源所决定。大柴达木湖中的锂和硼同位素组成有着相似的变化趋势，这说明大柴达木湖中锂和硼有相同的物质来源和地球化学行为。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861