基于春季气候信号的“台风是否经过江苏”预测研究

利用中国气象局提供的1951—2018年台风最佳路径数据集,筛选经过江苏的热带气旋个例,发现历史上所有经过江苏的热带气旋都发生在夏秋季节。基于春季130种气候信号指数,利用C4.5决策树算法建立“台风是否经过江苏”的预测模型。结果表明:基于C4.5算法的决策树能够较为直观且准确地对每年“台风是否经过江苏”进行预测。利用1951—2000年(51 a)的数据样本进行训练,学习准确率达到82%,利用2001—2018年(18 a)的数据样本对模型进行泛化能力测试,测试准确率达到83.3%,最后利用2019年第9号热带气旋“利奇马”经过江苏的事实进行个例检验,符合决策树规则C。可以证明C4.5算法对“台风是否经过江苏”的预测具有较高的准确率和通用性。     

改进气象雷达TITAN算法在灾害性天气预警中的应用研究

提出一种适用于我国不同季节、经纬度和下垫面的改进气象雷达TITAN算法。建立天气雷达数据格式转换系统,将我国不同型号新一代天气雷达基数据转换成MDV格式雷达数据;按我国不同气候类型、经纬度和海陆下垫面特征,统计获取不同区域强风暴天气雷达特征指标参数阈值。利用云贵高原和海南地区不同下垫面的两次典型超级单体强风暴天气雷达实况数据与改进的TITAN算法进行实验对比分析。分析结果指出,采用改进TITAN算法识别、跟踪和预测0.5~1 h后的强风暴天气误差较小,可信度较高,有助于识别预警灾害性天气和人影指挥作业。     

新增积雪深度客观预报技术研究及其应用

利用地面历史观测数据对我国冬季典型降雪过程的雪水比进行了统计分析,在此基础上,利用改进后的Cobb算法、ECMWF IFS模式预报及中央气象台降水和相态网格预报构建了雪水比和新增积雪深度物理预报模型。结果表明:我国降雪过程的雪水比分布较广,最小为0.3:1,最大为100:1,仅有4%左右的雪水比为10:1;雪水比具有明显的区域和季节特征,新疆、西北地区东部、华北以及东北地区雪水比大于其他区域,冬季较春、秋季雪水比大;改进后的Cobb算法建立了随地形高度变化的云识别方案,利用云内温度与雪水比统计关系及垂直速度构建了雪水比和新增积雪深度预报模型,其预报的雪水比和新增积雪深度空间分布特征较原Cobb算法的预报更接近实况;结合雪水比预报模型和中央气象台降雪网格技术的新增积雪深度预报较ECMWF IFS模式预报有明显的改进,相对模式新增积雪深度预报TS评分提高率基本在10%以上,尤其对20 cm以上新增积雪深度预报能力提升明显。     

基于PCA RBF的风电场短期风速订正方法研究

风电功率预测中最重要的因子是风速,准确的风速预测是风电功率预测的前提和基础。为了提高短期风速预测的准确性,本研究采用WRF模式,对我国上海崇明吕四风电场的风速进行预报。在此基础上,利用PCA-RBF算法结合WRF模式预报风向、气温、气压等气象要素对预报风速进一步订正。实验结果表明,利用PCA-RBF算法对WRF模式预报风速进行订正后,预报风速的误差进一步减小,相对均方根误差降低20%~30%,相对平均绝对误差降低15%~20%。与其他智能算法(BP算法、LSSVM算法)对比分析后得出,PCA-RBF算法对WRF模式预报风速具有较好的订正效果,能够有效提高风速预报准确率。     

学生成绩关键因素挖掘与成绩预测

为了探索影响学习成绩的关键因素,为学生学习、教师教学和学校管理提供帮助,采用密度全局K-means算法对UCI机器学习数据库的葡萄牙学生数据、陕西蒲城县第三高级中学的学生数据进行聚类分析,挖掘影响学生成绩的相关因素,并对学生成绩进行预测分析.葡萄牙学生数据挖掘发现：学生成绩与其所在学校、家庭住址、母亲学历、家庭有无网络有极大相关性,与父亲受教育程度、上学路上花费时间、想上大学、在谈恋爱也有一定相关性.蒲城县第三高级中学学生数据分析发现：学生成绩与其监护人、父母年龄、父母学历、学习态度、课后学习量之间有极大相关性.成绩预测聚类结果显示：预测成绩与实际成绩一致.中外学生数据挖掘揭示：学生成绩与父母受教育程度,特别是母亲受教育程度密切相关,母亲受教育程度越高,孩子学习成绩越好;孩子成长过程中,父母作为监护人的陪伴作用不容忽视;激励和引导学生树立远大理想,调动学生学习的主动性,对学习成绩和成长至关重要;缩小城乡教育差距势在必行.     

BP神经网络在建模中的参数优化问题研究

神经网络方法已经在过去很多年中得到了大量研究,特别是基于误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络(简称BP-ANN)在很多天气预报业务上发挥了重要作用.对于BP-ANN训练有这样的一个问题,在同一个样本模型、同样的网络结构和同样的输入参数情况下,每次训练得到的权重和最终的误差结果几乎都是不一样的,有的会很好,有的会较差.在利用BP-ANN建模训练中,希望都寻找到因子模型的局部最优解,使它具有较好的泛化能力.为了提高BP-ANN在业务预报中的建模和预测能力,将对BP-ANN进行改进试验.利用2009-2010年每年5月15日至9月15日的T639模式预测数据和北京地区4个站点的最高温度实况资料作为建模样本数据,对4个站点进行数值模拟试验.通过对4个模型样本的拟合建模试验发现:BP-ANN的随机初始权重场服从高斯分布,或者初始权重场进行多次初始化,或者采用动态的隐层神经元网络结构都能让BP-ANN对样本的拟合命中率有一定的提高.最后选择2011年5月15日至9月15日115天的资料作为预报测试数据,集成3种改进方法于一个BP-ANN中,和未改进前的BP-ANN进行比较,对比后发现优化后的BP-ANN训练出的模型预测得到的验证样本预测命中率要高于未优化的BP-ANN训练出的模型得到的验证样本预测命中率,优化后的BP-ANN具有更好的泛化能力.     

改进的C波段天气雷达定量降水估计算法研究

针对我国新一代C波段天气雷达,提出了综合考虑雷达波束阻挡、信号衰减以及雷达波束随距离增加而抬高和展宽等因素影响的定量降水估计算法。该算法基于高分辨率地形高度数据计算极坐标中每个方位-斜距库上不受地形阻挡的最低观测仰角,依此从雷达体扫数据中提取用于降水估计的混合反射率因子;结合雷达和雨量计资料对雷达系统标定偏差进行估计后...     

数据挖掘方法与工具

数据挖掘是一个利用各种分析工具在海量数据中发现模型和数据间关系的过程,这些模型和关系可以用来做出预测.数据挖掘技术分类较多,主要根据模型与算法的不同.     

在天气雷达信号处理器中用IQ信号消减地物杂波

地物杂波的检测和处理对雷达数据质量有重要的影响。常规的地物杂波检测依赖于晴空条件下的杂波图,人工判别,后来采用GAMP滤波器进行全程自适应滤波处理,该法在对地物抑制的同时对天气信号的损失较大,现探究比较多的方案是先自动识别地物,后结合滤波器对地物进行处理,在抑制地物的同时减少对天气信号的损耗。该算法基于IQ信号,利用已在C波段天气雷达中进行实验的SCI算法的4个判别因子,引入模糊逻辑理论,重新设计算法识别流程,并应用于我国S波段天气雷达中。通过实例对比杂波消减决策（CMD）算法对同一天气过程的识别与抑制的结果,发现该算法对气象回波的误判率低于CMD算法,对地物的识别率与CMD算法相当。     

基于C4.5算法的长江中下游地区夏季降水预测模型研究及应用

为了对长江中下游夏季降水进行短期气候预测,利用国家气候中心提供的74项环流指数和NOAA整编的西太平洋型WP指数、MEI指数、ENSO指数等多种全球环流指数资料,归纳整理了影响长江中下游夏季降水的34个前期春季因子,讨论了前期春季因子与夏季降水的关系,并利用这34个前期春季因子通过数据挖掘中的C4.5算法对1951—2013年(63 a)长江中下游夏季降水,建立判别降水偏多以及偏少的两类决策树预测模型,并分别得到5条和7条综合判别规则。随机选取80%左右历史年份数据作为模型的训练集,两模型的训练集准确率分别为94.12%和93.88%,剩余20%年份数据作为模型测试集,模型的测试预测准确率分别达91.67%和85.71%。模型预测应用也显示结果正确。模型研究和应用显示,基于C4.5算法的长江中下游夏季降水预测模型具有较高的预测准确率,模型构建合理有效,判别规则依据大数据理论,广泛考虑相关因子以及因子的排列组合,智能化选择关键因子,易于客观化、自动化实施,为长江流域汛期降水的短期气候预测提供了新的思路与方法。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.