一种小型化双低频4T4R基站天线阵列设计方法

能够支持双低频4T4R的MIMO基站阵列天线已成为目前运营商布网主流,当采用常规设计时,往往造成天线尺寸过大、风载荷过高等问题.在MIMO阵列天线小型化设计时,由于各阵列间距离缩小,电磁耦合急剧上升,导致各天线水平面波束宽度恶化,性能下降严重.针对此问题,提出了一种小型化阵列天线设计方法.采用波束合成技术,利用一种功率比随频率变化的新型不等功分电桥复用一组辐射单元,这样每列天线均可复用一个窄波束宽度单元,再通过该窄波束单元与其他宽波束单元合成理想的水平面波束宽度,提升天线覆盖性能.实测结果表明：采用本文阵列天线设计方法能够得到收敛的水平面波束宽度,范围在56°~68°,同时具有较好的增益和系统隔离度,大幅改善了天线性能.     

一种超宽带高增益对踵Vivaldi天线

本文设计了一种带宽3.3~40 GHz的新型超宽带高增益对踵Vivaldi天线,该天线介质板两侧采用相同的辐射结构,由一个微带线和两条指数型槽线构成.在天线辐射方向添加一块梯形结构介质板,将天线正反两面的表面电流限制在天线辐射方向,既可以矫正E面方向图的增益峰值偏移角度,也可以提升天线辐射强度.实测结果显示,3.3~40 GHz带宽内的驻波比均小于2,倍频带宽大于12,增益为1.0~12.6 dB.该天线的E面方向图对称性好,天线的交叉极化比小,且易于设计、成本低廉,在超带宽、高增益的天线领域具有较高应用价值.     

基于可见光通信的MIMO技术研究现状

随着灯光与光无线通信技术的结合,基于LED的可见光通信（VLC）越来越受到人们的关注.本文首先探讨了可见光通信的基带处理过程.为了提高室内照明度,LED阵列渐渐被广泛使用,基于此,可见光通信系统中基于LED阵列的MIMO技术也进入研究者的视野,因此,随后介绍了两种VLC-MIMO机制,并介绍了空时分组编码（STBC）在VLC-MIMO系统中的研究进展.作为对比,最后对LTE系统中的物理层处理过程和多天线技术进行技术探讨,并大胆预测了可见光通信基带处理后续可能发展的方向.     

可见光通信中光学天线的研究

可见光通信作为一种结合了照明与通信的新型无线通信技术,近几年成为一个研究的热点.光学天线是可见光通信系统中的重要组成部分,在优化光能分布、提高接收功率、提升系统信噪比和通信质量方面起重要作用.目前国内外对于光学天线的研究可以分为发射天线和接收天线两个部分.发射天线一般与LED光学设计相结合,按照配光方式可以分为准直型、均匀照明型和聚焦型等类型.接收天线采用复合抛物面聚光器、菲涅尔透镜等光学元件作为光学接收前端,主要目的是提高接收信号的功率.本文介绍了近年来国内外光学天线的研究进展,评价并比较了各种类型光学天线的光学性能,并对光学天线的发展趋势做出了展望.     

声雷达阵列式天线的初步研究

文章计算并测试了声雷达阵列式天线的波瓣特性，讨论了天线波瓣特性与波长、阵列喇叭数量、喇叭间距以及气温的关系。结果表明，实测的4×4阵列的波瓣特性和理论计算值基本相符，比较了用不同喇叭作的天线的性能，指出压电陶瓷高音喇叭的声电转换效率最高，1600Hz时是一般纸盆扬声器的3倍，是最佳换能器件；国产号简式高音喇叭YH5-4性能价格比较好，适于声天线的制作。     

多界面匹配高效微波整流天线设计方法

整流天线效率对远距离微波能量传输的整体效率至关重要.针对传输系统接收整流端效率提升的需求,提出了一种多界面匹配高效微波整流天线的设计方法.首先对整流天线的效率给出了数学描述,并据此在能量波束入射界面、能量转移界面、能量转换界面、直流合成界面提出了匹配原理和方法.多界面匹配联合就形成了高效整流天线设计方法.最后,根据相关匹配原理进行了实验验证,证实了对波阻抗匹配和输入阻抗匹配的分析.     

宽功率微波整流电路研究进展

无线能量传输可以摆脱线缆的限制,实现传感器的远距离无线充电、无电池设备的低功率能量收集等.首先介绍了无线能量传输的研究意义和工作原理,接着引出了其接收端的整流电路效率易受到输入功率波动影响的问题,并简要介绍了目前的一些解决方案;在此基础上介绍了3种采用无源网络减小对输入功率敏感的整流电路结构,这些结构能使电路在更宽的功率范围内实现高效率整流;最后展望了微波整流电路未来的一些研究方向.     

基于波导结构的紧凑型电介质加载双极化天线研究

本文提出了一款基于波导结构的紧凑型电介质加载双极化天线.通过采用在传统波导内加载电介质材料的方法,可以有效减小波导尺寸,从而达到天线小型化的目的.针对波导结构口径天线高后瓣辐射的问题,本文提出了一种在波导金属壁上添加矩形槽孔的方法,该方法的原理不同于扼流环结构.相比之下,矩形槽孔具有结构简单、尺寸小、加工方便等优点.通过电磁场全波仿真分析,可以发现所提出的天线具有阻抗带宽宽（大于40%）、增益高（8.6±0.6 dBi）、辐射性能稳定等优点,有很大的潜力,可以应用在如卫星通信等X波段的各种应用场景中.     

9210工程到CMACast系统卫星天线使用经验

介绍利用闲置的VSAT 2.4mX2.6m的偏馈天线代替PC-VSAT单收站1.2mku波段天线和代替CMACastC波段正馈华达1.8m天线.提高了接收效率的方法和经验.以及如何使用LNB放大器快速寻星和对抗雨衰及馈线损耗的方法.     

双偏振相控阵雷达与业务雷达的定量对比及观测精度研究

相控阵天气雷达突破了全机械驱动天线天气雷达的时空分辨率瓶颈,能够提供更加快速、精细的观测资料.但阵列天线存在性能参数随扫描角偏离法向而恶化的情况,使相控阵雷达定量测量存在困难.本文针对中国华南地区最新布网的双偏振相控阵天气雷达,通过与当地S波段业务雷达在相同区域内的定量对比,评估了反射率因子差分反射率因子的误差量级及其...     

Design of a High Efficiency Acoustic Phased Array Antenna for an Acoustic Wind Profiler

Summary Improvements to the performance of acoustic wind profilers necessitate designing efficient acoustic antennas for the profilers, so that weak echoes can be received to enhance data availability. An efficient acoustic antenna needs to optimize electrical to acoustic and acoustic to electrical conversion efficiency as measured at the antenna axis. It also needs to provide a good directional response, and be able to handle increased electrical power. Phased array antennas, designed using piezo-electric transducers, should provide better characteristics in this regard. In the present study several different transducer elements were characterized with respect to their relative efficiencies. On the basis of this characterization, measurement of acoustic background noise at the expected site of antenna location and comparative study of atmospheric molecular absorption at the element peak efficiency frequencies, it is concluded that Motorola KSN 1025 A transducer is the best speaker element for the array antennas for profilers up to around 500 meters. The present array antenna has been designed using 104 KSN 1025 A piezo-electric transducer elements. The corner elements were removed from a 16 × 8 element speaker matrix, yielding an irregular octagonal pattern. Before installing the elements in the array, each element was individually characterized for its transmit and receive conversion efficiency, and variations in the product of these efficiencies (conversion gain) amongst the different elements, has been usefully employed to taper the array gain from centre to periphery. The antenna was systematically characterized, in an acoustic anechoic chamber, with respect to its axial transmit and receive conversion efficiencies and directional response. Received October 14, 1998 Revised March 1, 1999     

一种新型小型化宽带平面全向天线

在传统圆形单极子平面天线的基础上引入了Wilkinson功分器、渐变型微带馈线和瓶状接地板结构，设计了一款3.4~7.4 GHz频段的新型小型化宽带平面全向天线.通过引入Wilkinson功分器来改善天线方向图不圆度，较好地实现全向辐射；天线背面采用瓶状结构的金属接地板，达到了良好的阻抗匹配效果.结果表明：该平面全向天线驻波比小于2的阻抗带宽为4 GHz，中心频点5.4 GHz处的增益为3.35 dB，中心频点5.4 GHz在天线辐射方向的不圆度小于3.50 dB，整个阻抗带宽内的增益为2.3~3.35 dB，仿真结果与实测结果基本吻合.     

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的优劣将直接影响雷达探测能力和气象目标定量测量的精度。双线偏振雷达主要采用交替发射和双发双收两种模式,即水平和垂直线偏振波交替发射同时接收和同时发射同时接收两种形式。本文基于双线偏振天气雷达天线误差对气象目标探测精度影响的研究和分析,提出了双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法,特别对如何在雷达工作现场利用太阳和专用信号源检测评估双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的方法进行了说明。     

713雷达的双线偏振改装

本文介绍了将713天气雷达改为双线偏振雷达的方法。即在713雷达上增加一只大功率微波开关,将天线馈源改为双通道,提高雷达发射机的脉冲重复频率和加设必要的数据处理系统后,使713雷达具有双线偏振探测能力。文中对各主要部件的技术指标亦作了介绍。     

CINRAD/SA雷达故障统计分析

对石家庄CINRAD/SA雷达运行1年的故障情况进行了统计分析。介绍了常见告警信息,故障现象及处理办法。通过对雷达开机日数、故障日数、损坏器件情况、故障发生部位、告警信息、以及与环境温度的相关性分析,认为CINRAD/SA雷达运行状态与网络保障、计算机状况、环境温度等环境因素密切相关。现场的运行环境对CINRAD/SA雷达的运行状况影响较大。CINRAD/SA雷达发射机和天线控制系统故障较多,是日常维护的重点。为保障雷达正常运行,加强CINRAD/SA雷达网络安全管理、采用高性能计算机、做好雷达维护工作、保障良好的机房环境非常重要。     

Microphysical and chemical characteristics of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial particles in continental stratocumulus clouds

During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO₄ accounted for 23% and NH₄ for 14%. NO₃ and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.     

Microphysical and chemical characteristics of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial particles in continental stratocumulus clouds

During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO₄ accounted for 23% and NH₄ for 14%. NO₃ and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.     

一种用于GPS的小型化全向圆极化天线设计

圆极化天线在卫星导航通信、雷达及信息对抗上有非常重要的作用.本文提出了一种工作在GPS L1频段（1.575 GHz）上的小型圆极化天线,它具有较低的剖面和较小的尺寸,结构紧凑、馈电简单,并呈现良好的全向圆极化特性.天线的辐射结构由一个4轴弧形贴片和直接馈电的金属柱组成,同时,贴片内环引入额外的弧形枝节,外环枝节的末端引入4个短路探针来实现天线的小型化.通过Ansoft HFSS 16.1对该天线进行仿真验证,结果表明,该圆极化天线在1.575 GHz频段上具有良好的驻波特性,且工作频带内的轴比<3 dB,最高增益达到0.2 dBic.