REMARKS ON THE USE OF THE MAGNETIC GRADIOMETER IN OIL EXPLORATION *

The principle of optical pumping allows the design of magnetometers with high sensitivity. When mapping the field of the total magnetic force, it is no longer possible to make full use of the accuracy of the instruments because the accuracy of the reduction of the diurnal variation is limited. By simultaneously recording with two instruments in different altitudes, the vertical gradient can be measured which doe's not depend on the time variation of the magnetic field. Therefore, the gradiometer seems to be a more adequate tool for oil exploration than the magnetometer. It is investigated in this article whether the results of this gradiometer or the measurements of the total magnetic field by the high sensitive magnetometer are more useful in oil exploration. The article comes to the conclusion that for most problems of oil exploration the total magnetic field is a more valuable unit than the vertical gradient measured directly by the gradiometer. The total magnetic field allows a better investigation of the tectonics than the vertical gradient. The apparent advantages of the gradiometer claimed by its supporters are mainly based on inconsistent mathematical concepts.     

Stationary approximation of the magnetotelluric field in a halfspace with a vertical boundary and three-dimensional perturbing body

Summary Based on the generalized potential of a double layer, integral formulae have been derived for calculating the stationary approximation of the magnetotelluric field in a halfspace divided by a vertical boundary into two quarterspaces, one of which contains a three-dimensional perturbing body. The appropriate boundary integral equation and other surface integrals have been computed for a perturbing body in the shape of the three-dimensional prism located at the vertical boundary, or in contact with the said boundary. The exciting electrical field is assumed to be homogeneous and perpendicular to the vertical boundary. Isoline graphs of the electrical and magnetic fields on the surface of the halfspace have been plotted and their anomalies are discussed.     

从偶层位出发建立曲面上的位场转换解释系统

本文从偶层位公式出发,导出了曲面上位场转换所需的基本公式:偶层场强分量及偶层场强分量的一阶导数、二阶导数的表达式;并导出了一条称之为“磁化方向与磁场分量方向互换”的定理,从而建立了一个多功能的曲面上的位场转换解释系统.     

利用位场及其高阶导数的功率谱计算岩层的深度与厚度

本文导出了利用重力与磁异常及其高阶导数的功率谱计算密度体和磁性体上顶与下底埋深的近似公式,还提供了利用垂向或水平导数谱计算深度的方法。理论模型的试验结果表明,由近似公式计算的精度可以满足实际需要。本文最后根据一条重力剖面资料,计算了密度层上、下界面。     

利用位场及其高阶导数的功率谱计算岩层的深度与厚度

本文导出了利用重力与磁异常及其高阶导数的功率谱计算密度体和磁性体上顶与下底埋深的近似公式,还提供了利用垂向或水平导数谱计算深度的方法。理论模型的试验结果表明,由近似公式计算的精度可以满足实际需要。本文最后根据一条重力剖面资料,计算了密度层上、下界面。     

从偶层位出发建立曲面上的位场转换解释系统

本文从偶层位公式出发,导出了曲面上位场转换所需的基本公式:偶层场强分量及偶层场强分量的一阶导数、二阶导数的表达式;并导出了一条称之为“磁化方向与磁场分量方向互换”的定理,从而建立了一个多功能的曲面上的位场转换解释系统.     

ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR GRAVITY DUE TO HOMOGENEOUS REVOLUTIONAL COMPARTMENTS IN THE GAUSSIAN DIVERGENCE APPROACH*

Complete analytical expressions are developed for the first and second derivatives of the Newtonian gravitational potential in arbitrary directions due to the homogeneous revolutional compartment with a polygonal vertical section by applying the Gaussian divergence theorem in the cylindrical coordinate system. Elementary solutions presented can easily be translated into magnetic anomalies caused by a uniformly magnetized body. The divergence approach in the polar coordinate system is also described, and gravity attractions in the radial direction are presented in closed form associated with a homogeneous cap compartment. The explicit solutions are tested against well-known formulae for a cylinder, cone, infinite plate, and sphere.     

MEASUREMENTS OF THE VERTICAL GEOMAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENT BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN*

Simultaneous measurements made on an ice island and about 1000 ft. below show that magnetic anomalies can be detected in the presence of large time variations of the magnetic field. Attenuation and phase lag of time variations at depth are measurable but do not limit the utilization of the vertical gradient of geomagnetic total intensity for defining crustal anomalies.     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3—4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

THE INTERPRETATION OF GRADIENT ARRAY CHARGEABILITY ANOMALIES *

Empirical equalities derived from time domain induced polarization scale modelling with the gradient array over simple geometries, and from the potential field functions for equivalent simple charge configurations are similar. The function for the dyke like body is analogous to the magnetic case allowing both total and vertical magnetic field interpretation techniques to be applied to gradient array chargeability anomalies.     

磁激发极化法探矿理论的几个问题

本文对磁激发极化法当前存在的几个探矿理论问题进行了讨论,指出了某些著作中的错误及不完善之点,提出了作者的观点,给出了新的理论公式和异常剖面曲线以及某些条件下的室内模型实验结果和野外实际资料。     

磁激发极化法探矿理论的几个问题

本文对磁激发极化法当前存在的几个探矿理论问题进行了讨论,指出了某些著作中的错误及不完善之点,提出了作者的观点,给出了新的理论公式和异常剖面曲线以及某些条件下的室内模型实验结果和野外实际资料。     

海面有效辐射的数值分析

本文基于大气辐射的基本概念和原理,对海面有效辐射进行分析讨论。首先,根据近海面大气边界层中的气温和湿度廓线跟风速廓线的相似性,采用海面粗糙参数z_0来定义海面。其次,由海面有效辐射的定义和大气辐射理论导出海面有效辐射的一般表达式。然后,对海洋大气的垂直结构作了分层描述,从而对海面有效辐射一般表达式进行具体运算,并且求得简化分析式。最后,利用海洋观测站资料,对本分析式和一些经验公式进行计算和对比。结果表明,晴天与阴天的海面有效辐射值相差较大,可是它们随海面风速的变化均甚小。     

海面有效辐射的数值分析

本文基于大气辐射的基本概念和原理,对海面有效辐射进行分析讨论。首先,根据近海面大气边界层中的气温和湿度廓线跟风速廓线的相似性,采用海面粗糙参数z_0来定义海面。其次,由海面有效辐射的定义和大气辐射理论导出海面有效辐射的一般表达式。然后,对海洋大气的垂直结构作了分层描述,从而对海面有效辐射一般表达式进行具体运算,并且求得简化分析式。最后,利用海洋观测站资料,对本分析式和一些经验公式进行计算和对比。结果表明,晴天与阴天的海面有效辐射值相差较大,可是它们随海面风速的变化均甚小。     

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF SOURCES AT THE SURFACE OF A HOMOGENEOUS CONDUCTING HALFSPACE WITH HORIZONTAL ANISOTROPY: APPLICATION TO FISSURED MEDIA*

The electric and magnetic fields generated by horizontal electric and vertical magnetic dipoles lying on the surface of a conducting medium with horizontal anisotropy are investigated. Full expressions of their Fourier transforms are given, and the fields for a vertical magnetic dipole are calculated numerically. The radial and vertical magnetic components are found to be independent of the receiver-transmitter direction, whereas the other magnetic and electric components strongly vary with this direction. These results give useful criteria for defining the direction and amplitude of anisotropy from ground data; a ground experiment on fissured limestone was found to confirm the expected variations of the various field components. It is believed that this electromagnetic method can be used in order to provide information about the direction and amplitude of electric anisotropy.     

瞬变电磁晚期场资料的一维反演

本文研讨了由垂直磁偶源和水平电偶源所激发的瞬变电磁晚期场的垂直磁场时间偏导数及其视电阻率的性态特征。探讨了其一维反演的某些问题，研制出了对该时间域电磁响应函数的一维实用化反演程序，表明具有较好的使用效果。     

The boundary integral calculations of the forward problem for D.C. sounding and MMR methods for a 3-D body near a vertical contact

Summary The paper presents comprehensive theory based on the boundary integral method for calculations of the electric potential, electric field and corresponding magnetic field due to a pair of D.C. source electrodes near a vertical resistivity contact in the halfspace, indlucing a 3-D disturbing body in the vicinity of the contact. Special attention is paid to the case when the disturbing body touches the vertical contact. Results of numerical calculations are presented in the form of sounding curves and a set of isoline graphs for potential, components of the electric and magnetic field (total and anomalous) on the surface of the Earth. It is shown that the presence of the disturbing body at the contact is most pronounced in the electrical characteristics. Anomalies in the magnetic field are small in comparison to the field due to the electric current in the electrode cable and primary currents flowing from the electrodes.     

一类非均匀介质中电磁场的延拓

本文讨论具垂向光滑变化的非均匀介质中电磁场延拓的数学物理问题及稳定化的算法原理。首先从电磁场的基本方程出发,导出了垂向非均匀介质下磁场的垂直分量所满足的二阶偏微分方程,并且依照实际背景将场的延拓问题化归为解相应二阶椭圆型方程的Cauchy问题。接着利用Fourier变换方法得到了场延拓的形式表达式,然后给出了几种特殊垂向非均匀介质下场延拓的精确解析公式。最后,应用正则化方法建立了场延拓的稳定化的公式,给出了所得公式的离散化形式,同时指出了相应正则化参数的选择原则。     

一类非均匀介质中电磁场的延拓

本文讨论具垂向光滑变化的非均匀介质中电磁场延拓的数学物理问题及稳定化的算法原理。首先从电磁场的基本方程出发,导出了垂向非均匀介质下磁场的垂直分量所满足的二阶偏微分方程,并且依照实际背景将场的延拓问题化归为解相应二阶椭圆型方程的Cauchy问题。接着利用Fourier变换方法得到了场延拓的形式表达式,然后给出了几种特殊垂向非均匀介质下场延拓的精确解析公式。最后,应用正则化方法建立了场延拓的稳定化的公式,给出了所得公式的离散化形式,同时指出了相应正则化参数的选择原则。