无人直升机搭载大气颗粒物采样装置的前期地面评估

与搭载气溶胶观测和分析仪器测量相比,利用无人直升机搭载气囊采集高空大气颗粒物是一种经济、便捷和安全的采集方式。为了解无人直升机采样装置的采样效果,选择2014年10月至2015年3月的4次重污染天气过程,由无人直升机搭载气囊采集大气颗粒物,然后利用气溶胶采样器采集气囊内的大气颗粒物样品并计算采样时间,再利用气溶胶采样器采集相同时间段内的地面大气颗粒物(气囊外),并将两者进行对比。结果表明:在稳定的污染天气条件下,采集气囊内的大气颗粒物,与相同时间段内利用气溶胶采样器直接采集气囊外的大气颗粒物相比,两种方式采集到的大气颗粒物质量最大差值29%,最小差值11%,平均为21%;利用无人直升机的大气采样装置采集大气颗粒物对碳气溶胶组分影响很小,气囊内与气囊外OC/TC最大相差2.0%,最小相差0.5%。上述结果表明,无人直升机的大气采样装置有比较好的采集效率,利用气囊这种经济、便捷、安全的方式,搭载在无人机平台上,采集高空大气是一种获取气溶胶垂直廓线的有效方法,有望在未来的气溶胶气候和环境研究中提供宝贵数据。     

土质对FDR水分传感器拟合参数影响的试验研究

通过制作人工土柱的方法,对壤土、黏土、砂土等土质进行FDR(Frequency Domain Reflectometry)水分传感器拟合标定试验,分析了传感器频率与土壤水分之间的关系,以及不同质地土壤对传感器标定参数的影响。数据分析结果表明:FDR土壤水分传感器感应频率随土壤体积含水量的增加而单调减小,具有很好的相关性,不同的土质对土壤水分传感器标定参数影响较大,黏土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.64~0.94之间,壤土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.4~0.86之间,砂土测试的传感器归一化频率范围在0.3~0.94之间,土壤按类别进行标定比集中标定的效果更好。分析结果对土壤种类复杂地区的自动土壤水分观测仪精细化标定具有一定指导意义。     

LQG-1型土壤电阻率远程自动测量装置研制

为了解决传统的野外土壤电阻率测量仪器设备未实现无人状态下土壤电阻率远程自动监测的技术难题,在4105A接地电阻测量表基础上,自主研发了土壤电阻率远程自动测量装置。详细阐述了该装置的测量原理、系统组成、工作流程、硬件软件研发思路。对该装置1年的野外试验研究表明：该装置运行稳定,数据质量可靠,解决了土壤电阻率的长期、连续、稳定、自动测量的技术难题,是一种结构简单、使用方便、重量轻、便于野外土壤电阻率长期、连续、稳定的远程自动测量装置。     

利用条件采样法在常熟稻田测定N2O大气垂直通量初步观测结果

1999年在常熟农业生态站试验稻田于水稻主要生长季, 利用进口的条件采样装置对水稻低层大气N₂O的垂直通量进行了观测, 并在2000年做了补充观测。结果如下:各生长季测定的N₂O垂直通量值最多出现在0～2.0 mg·m-2·h-1之间;N₂O垂直通量平均日变化最大值出现在下午;插秧期和收割后N₂O垂直通量是各个生长季中最小的;观测到N₂O负通量现象的出现;在稻田用条件采样技术观测到的低层大气N₂O垂直通量大于国内用箱式法观测报道的土壤N₂O排放通量。     

八通道电阻温度表

八通道电阻温度表能同时采集1—8路温度信号。单通道采集时间200μS,采集信号电压≥40μV,测温范围±51.2℃,测温精度0.1％。利用IBM—PC/XT(或AP—Ⅱ)微机采集和处理数据,在总样本数≤200K、采样间隔≥1.65ms的情况下,采样时间和间隔可以任意设置,可即时处理並打印给出气温的均值、标准差、递减率等结果,此外还可与其它感应元件连接,用于测量其它气象要素。     

土壤采样头几何参数力学优化方法

通过对车载土壤采样设备的采样刀头力学建模,分析采样头在非导轨螺旋式工作状态下刀头所受土壤阻力以及内部应力,寻找出一种拓扑形状力学优化方法,仿真并计算出最优化的采样刀头形状与几何参数.优化后的采样头具有良好的减粘降阻和脱土功能并在实际运用中得到证实.     

麻黄草人工栽培的气象条件及其适宜种植区研究

简述了麻黄草的生长习性,并首次按各生育期,分析研究了麻黄草生长所需的气象条件。同时,根据内蒙古地区的土壤、土质类型和各地光、热、水条件,进行了适宜种植区分析。     

辽葵杂二号的引种研究

1983年我地区从辽宁省农科院引进了早熟油葵辽葵一号、辽葵杂一号和辽葵杂二号新品种。经过多年的试验、示范和推广,证明辽葵杂二号具有增产的良种优势,可以在哈密推广种植。一、哈密气候适宜辽葵杂二号种植     

宁夏土壤电阻率时空分布观测试验

通过在宁夏地区选择3种典型的土质结构,分别设置了3种不同结构的防雷接地体,经过1年的对比观测,用回归方法来分析平均气温和土壤湿度变化对不同土壤电阻率和不同结构接地电阻的影响,说明不同土质结构在不同时间（或季节）内、不同的温湿度条件下,对土壤电阻率的影响和不同结构防雷接地体的变化特点和规律,从而提出了防雷接地体的敷设和结构性能最优要求。     

基于土壤温湿度观测资料估算藏北高原地区土壤热通量

基于"全球协调加强观测计划(CEOP)亚澳季风之青藏高原试验研究"(CAMP/Tibet)土壤温湿度观测资料(2004年6月8日至7月30日),利用TDEC(土壤温度预报校正)法估算并分析了藏北高原地区土壤热通量的变化特征。通过与热通量板测量结果比较发现,它们在热流方向和相位上基本一致,且在量值上具有很好的线性关系(R~20.74),但热通量板测量值普遍偏小。通过对比不同天气条件下TDEC法的估算结果表明,云的存在以及降水发生都可导致土壤热通量的波动,且表层土壤热通量波动更加强烈。对于TDEC法估算的表层土壤热通量,发现它与净辐射通量线性关系密切(R20.78),而在土壤热传导率较大的地区,其日变化相位明显先于其他地区。对于土质均匀的砂质土壤,其土壤热通量日变化振幅最大,土壤的垂直热量交换最剧烈。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.