VIBROSEIS DECONVOLUTION*

Vibroseis deconvolution can be performed either before or after correlation. As regards the deconvolution before correlation, the Vibroseis deconvolution operator can be described as convolution of a spike deconvolution operator with a minimum-phase filter operator with bandpass properties. As regards the deconvolution after correlation, the deconvolution operator can be shown to be the convolution of three operators: spike deconvolution operator and two-fold convolution with a minimum phase operator. Time-varying Vibroseis deconvolution can particularly well be described and performed after correlation.     

SD-1型数字大地电磁记录系统

SD-1型数字大地电磁测深仪是一种用途较广的地球物理勘探仪器,可用于研究地壳上地幔结构,普查石油、天然气田构造,寻找热田及监视地震前地壳电阻率随时间的变化。该仪器已于1982年8月通过国家鉴定。鉴定以后又在华南地区作了大地电磁测深工作。本文只是简述一下仪器的基本结构、几个主要的技术问题及鉴定前后用该仪器所     

SD-1型数字大地电磁记录系统

SD-1型数字大地电磁测深仪是一种用途较广的地球物理勘探仪器,可用于研究地壳上地幔结构,普查石油、天然气田构造,寻找热田及监视地震前地壳电阻率随时间的变化。该仪器已于1982年8月通过国家鉴定。鉴定以后又在华南地区作了大地电磁测深工作。本文只是简述一下仪器的基本结构、几个主要的技术问题及鉴定前后用该仪器所     

TWO METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF HARMONIC DISTORTION IN VIBROSEIS SIGNALS1

The quality of Vibroseis survey data can be improved by continuously monitoring the vibrator's baseplate and reaction mass accelerations. Equipment failures can be detected as they occur, rather than relying on similarity trials at the beginning and end of the day's production. Equipment faults can then be corrected as they happen and thus would not have a detrimental effect on the quality of the survey data. Source efficiency can be optimized by monitoring the amount of harmonic distortion generated by the vibrator at different drive levels on the different surfaces which may be encountered during a survey. Phase problems introduced by poor coupling of the baseplate to the ground can also be identified and addressed in the field. Rapid analysis of vibrator signals is required if continuous monitoring is to be useful. Frequency-time (f-t) analyses of vibrator signals are often used in processing centres, but are slow and require a large storage capacity which makes the technique unsuitable for a field analysis system. The two methods proposed to analyse vibrator signals entail the use of hodograms and time-varying notch filters. Hodograms provide a qualitative analysis of harmonic distortion and vibrator performance. A fast, time-varying notch filter gives quantitative and qualitative information about the harmonic distortion present in the signal and can be used to identify problems with vibrator behaviour. Both the hodogram and fast, time-varying notch filter methods can analyse the vibrator's reaction mass and baseplate accelerations as it progresses through its sweep and can present automatically interpreted results to the operator before moving to the next vibrator point.     

A NEW APPROACH TO VIBROSEIS DECONVOLUTION*

A method is proposed to obviate the shortcomings of conventional deconvolution approaches applied to vibroseis data. The vibroseis wavelet reduces the time domain resolution of the earth's impulse response by restricting its passband. The spectrum of the wavelet is assumed to be a “low quefrency”phenomenon, and hence it can be estimated by low cut cepstral filtering. The wavelet's amplitude spectrum can then be removed by spectral division. By using an approach which is consistent with the principle of maximum entropy, the undetermined portions of the seismogram's Fourier transform can be filled in by autoregressive prediction. The process of initially deconvolving in a restricted passband reduces the enhancement of noise contaminated parts of the spectrum, and the spectral extension scheme increases the time domain resolution of the process.     

VIBROSEIS SIGNALS WITH PRESCRIBED POWER SPECTRUM*

For a swept frequency signal with constant envelope the power spectral density is approximately inversely proportional to the signal's rate of frequency change. Hence, by means of this relation, the phase function which describes the sweep's frequency variation may be derived from a predefined power spectrum. This is in contrast to the present use where the power spectrum is the result of a rather arbitrarily chosen phase function. A numerical algorithm based on the relation between power spectrum and phase function was found to lead to sweeps whose power spectra matched the prescribed ones rather closely.     

COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF VIBROSEIS SIGNAL SIMILARITY*

Computerized evaluation of Vibroseis similarity test data is the logical consequence of the increasing quality requirements for signal reproducibility and for synchronization of vibrators. The differences in start time and phase as well as an indication of local phasing problems between any two Vibroseis signals can be obtained from an analysis of the difference of their respective phase spectra. This method appears to be accurate and stable with respect to harmonics which usually plague the signals from transducers monitoring the motion of the vibrators'base plates.     

ENCODING TECHNIQUES FOR THE VIBROSEIS * SYSTEM **

The use of certain codes for the Vibroseis system of exploration has been investigated. The codes considered are well-known in communication theory. The effect of coding the Vibroseis input signal is the suppression of correlation noise and therefore an improvement of the signal to noise ratio. It is believed that, during the course of research, a new property of one of the codes used has been discovered.     

SIGNAL ADJUSTMENT OF VIBROSEIS AND IMPULSIVE SOURCE DATA*

In certain areas continuous Vibroseis profiling is not possible due to varying terrain conditions. Impulsive sources can be used to maintain continuous coverage. While this technique keeps the coverage at the desired level, for the processing of the actual data there is the problem of using different sources resulting in different source wavelets. In addition, the effect of the free surface is different for these two energy sources. The approach to these problems consists of a minimum-phase transformation of the two-sided Vibroseis data by removal of the anticipation component of the autocorrelation of the filtered sweep and a minimum-phase transformation of the impulsive source data by replacement of the recording filter operator with its minimum-phase correspondent. Therefore, after this transformation, both datasets show causal wavelets and a conventional deconvolution (spike or predictive) may be used. After stacking, a zero-phase transformation can be performed resulting in traces well suited for computing pseudo-acoustic impedance logs or for application of complex seismic trace analysis. The solution is also applicable to pure Vibroseis data, thereby eliminating the need for a special Vibroseis deconvolution. The processing steps described above are demonstrated on synthetic and actual data. The transformation operators used are two-sided recursive (TSR) shaping filters. After application of the above adjustment procedure, remaining signal distortions can be removed by modifying only the phase spectrum or both the amplitude and phase spectra. It can be shown that an arbitrary distortion defined in the frequency domain, i.e., a distortion of the amplitude and phase spectrum, is noticeable in the time section as a two-sided signal.     

WSQ-1型电涡流自记水管倾斜仪的研制

为了连续记录地壳长期倾斜运动和进行固体潮的观测研究,我们设计制造了 WSQ-1型电涡流自记水管倾斜仪.该仪器缸体采用浮子--横臂结构,并在设计中考虑了温度补偿.为本仪器专门研制的 WQB-B-1000型电涡流位移变换器是一种非接触式传感器,它具有灵敏度高、动态范围宽、稳定性好、对浮子导向要求低等优点.这种传感器的采用,简化了仪器结构,并保证了整机的良好性能.仪器输出两缸体的水位差与水位和信号,前者即测得的倾斜信号,而后者不仅作为整机稳定性指示,而且在利用位于水管中央的标定器进行标定时作为标定信号.测试和试记录证明,仪器格值优于5.10-9rad/mm(水管长度30m),测量水位差范围1mm(不需调整),平均漂移优于310-9rad/日,记录固体潮因子精度达0.003(M2波,88天).     

REMARKS ON THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO IN THE VIBROSEIS SYSTEM*

The paper presents a discussion of some of the noise features of the VIBROSEIS SYSTEM *** ** Trademark of Continental Oil Company.
and their bearing on the determination of the optimally weighted stack.     

CSJ延时触发数字记录地震仪

CSJ延时触发数字记录地震仪是一种便携式三路数字记录地震仪.它具有触发和定时控制两种工作方式,适合于记录区域性地震和人工地震.与之配套使用的回放仪,有串行和并行两种接口,便于联机处理.经野外实地观测,效果良好.     

数字地震记录的基本概念

牟其铎教授是国家地震局地球物理研究所研究员、中国数字地震台网技术管理研究室主任。本文包括：作一个线性系统的地震观测系统、数字地震记录的压缩、数字地震记录的格式三部分。     

CSJ延时触发数字记录地震仪

CSJ延时触发数字记录地震仪是一种便携式三路数字记录地震仪.它具有触发和定时控制两种工作方式,适合于记录区域性地震和人工地震.与之配套使用的回放仪,有串行和并行两种接口,便于联机处理.经野外实地观测,效果良好.     

记录大位移的宽频带强震仪

作者把H.Benioff提出的电磁式地震计用并联电容增长固有周期的方法用到强震仪的设计中,并提出用电流计并联电阻-电容增长电流计固有周期和对整个仪器频率特性进行校正的设计方法,获得了将近三个十倍频程的带宽。标定实验和野外观测结果与理论计算相符。 该仪器可用于爆炸地震效应观测和工程结构振动测量。最大可记录位移1米,频带宽度约为0.2赫到200赫。     

记录大位移的宽频带强震仪

作者把H.Benioff提出的电磁式地震计用并联电容增长固有周期的方法用到强震仪的设计中,并提出用电流计并联电阻-电容增长电流计固有周期和对整个仪器频率特性进行校正的设计方法,获得了将近三个十倍频程的带宽。标定实验和野外观测结果与理论计算相符。 该仪器可用于爆炸地震效应观测和工程结构振动测量。最大可记录位移1米,频带宽度约为0.2赫到200赫。     

A WIDE-BAND DIGITAL MAGNETOTELLURIC RECORDING SYSTEM *

A six-channel wide-band digital system for magnetotelluric measurements is described The system is designed to operate in the frequency band 10-.0001 Hz. The recording is made on a 7 track tape in an IBM compatible 12 bit format. The amplitude and phase responses of the system and sample records are presented.     

763长周期地震仪及其地震记录特征

介绍了763长周期地震仪的原理特性,并着重分析讨论了长周期仪器在地震观测记录中显示出来的典型特性。指出763长周期资料的应用,能明显提高地震台站的监测能力和单台定位精度。地震记录震相清晰,特别是对记录“影区”地震和极远震有独到之处。763资料的应用,对于地震学的研究与发展,将发挥更大的作用。     

地磁相对记录的两种补缺方法

要得到地磁台站所在地区的地磁场各要素的绝对数值和变化量，除了绝对观测要准确、可靠外，地磁相对记录的准确性也是一个至关重要的因素。记录地磁场三分量变化的经典、传统方法是照相记录。它几乎能实时地反映地磁场的变化情况。国际地磁和高空物理协会     

喀什地磁台磁通门磁力仪与磁变仪记录资料的对比分析

作为国家“九五”科技公关成果的GM3磁通门磁力仪,是我国自行研制的地磁数字化记录仪器,现广泛应用于我国地磁观测台站。磁通门磁力仪的工作原理从理论上讲是勿庸置疑的,但是不同的设计、不同的制造工艺使得仪器的性能略有差异。CB3磁变仪模拟记录虽然不能象磁通门磁力仪那样提供高分辨率的数字化资料,但多年的观测实践表明,其工作的稳定性