大容量存储器K9K8G08U0A及其在定点垂直升降剖面测量系统中的应用

介绍了新型大容量存储器K9K8G08U0A的基本组织结构,重点讲述了存储器与ATmega128L单片机外部存储器接口的硬件连接方式以及存储器的主要操作流程和部分C语言代码。     

中国对虾稚虾所需维生素K饵料的估算

维生素K系列通常称之为“维生素K_3”,但是更为正确的叫法为“甲萘醌”。 缺乏维生素K就会导致鱼的贫血症,并延缓血凝时间。饵料缺乏维生素K就导致虹鳟鱼肝指标轻微偏低和贫血症。因而甲萘醌对于日本对虾和斑节对虾是需要的。 据报道,台湾省学者Shi-Yen Shian等对中国对虾(P.chinensis)稚虾所需最佳维生素K饵料的估算进行了12周的投喂试验。对每个水族箱18尾对虾3个重复组投喂补充含甲萘醌8种含量(0、5、10、20、50、80、160和320     

Growth performance of the clam, Meretrix meretrix, breedingselection populations cultured in different conditions

A breeding-selection program for the clam,Meretrix meretrix,was conducted since 2004.Two of the selection populations were generated with the shell color pattern as an additional selection criterion and named as SP(purple stripes)population and SB(black dots)population.The third-generation SP and SB populations(08G3SP and 08G3SB,respectively)were cultured at two commercial clam farms and a nursery pond and their shell lengths were compared.08G3SB clams had significantly larger sizes than 08G3SP clams at commercial clam farms(p<0.05),yet 08G3SB individuals were significantly smaller than 08G3SP individuals at the nursery pond(p<0.05).Then,we examined the growth of the fourth-generation SP and SB populations(10G4SP and 10G4SB,respectively)at a commercial farm,and found that the shell lengths of the 10G4SB clams increased at a significantly higher growth rate than the 10G4SP clams(p<0.05)from May to September,when the water temperature was between 24.2–27.5 C,while 10G4SB lost the growth advantage in the other months.These results indicated that SP and SB populations responded differently to environmental factors,so it is beneficial for the clam farmers to select a suitable population according to the culture environment.Furthermore,a diallel mating of the SB and SP populations was designed to investigate whether their hybrid population would show heterosis.However,the heterosis was not shown in this study,which might result from the slight genetic divergence between SB and SP populations.     

黄渤海一些经济海洋生物^40K的测定

^40K是海洋中一种重要的天然放射性元素，其放射性强度约占整个海洋天然放射性强度的90%以上。钾是海洋生物的必需元素。海洋生物体内的天然放射性元素，就其放射性强度来说也主要是^40K。为此，在海域受到放射性污染较轻的情况下，进行海水、海洋生物和海底沉积物样品的^40K放射性总B调查和监测时，为了判断样品是否受到人工放射性元素的污染，必须首先扣除样品的^40K放射性强度。     

山东半岛海岸地貌与波浪、潮汐特征的关系

本文通过山东半岛海岸地貌类型与沿岸波浪、潮汐发生学关系的对比分析,引入浪潮作用指数 K,K=2.5×(H/R),H 为平均波高,R 为平均潮差.K>1时,海岸地貌演变的动力以波浪作用为主,海岸极少发育潮汐叉道和落潮三角洲,但连岛坝发育较好;K<1时,海岸地貌演变的水动力以潮汐作用为主,落潮三角洲、潮汐叉道较发育;K 值接近于1时,发育潟湖等过渡海岸地貌类型.     

三江平原湿地植物群落P、K的积累、动态及其生物循环

在三江平原湿地植物生长季节里,选择该区分布最广、面积最大且最具有代表性的毛果苔草(Carexlasioncarpa)-狭叶甜茅(Glyceria spiculosa)群落和小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifo-lia)群落为研究对象,逐月测定两类湿地群落生物量,并对植物样品分别用钼锑抗比色法和原子吸收法测定其P、K含量。在此基础上,探讨了两类湿地群落的P、K积累量及其生物循环特征。结果表明,三江平原不同的植物群落以及同一群落的不同器官,其P、K元素积累量不同,而且都有明显的季节变化。根是群落中P、K元素的最大贮存器官,其P、K积累量占总量的80%左右。湿地群落中K的吸收量、归还量、存留量、现存量和表土贮量都大于P的对应值,同时K的利用系数和循环系数均大于P,毛果苔草-狭叶甜茅群落K的吸收系数大于P,而小叶章群落K的吸收系数小于P。     

马钱子碱通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路对肺腺癌细胞的抑制作用研究

目的：探究马钱子碱对非小细胞肺癌的影响及其作用机制。方法：采用CCK-8法和划痕试验法研究马钱子碱抑制A549细胞的增殖、迁移能力,Western blot法检测各组细胞磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)通路相关的蛋白表达,ELISA法检测白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量。结果：CCK-8试验结果显示,给药组对A549细胞增殖有明显抑制作用;划痕试验显示,与空白组比较,给药组细胞迁移率明显下降（P<0.01）;Western blot结果显示,给药干预后可显著下调p-Akt、p-mTOR的表达（P<0.001）,同时给药组的mTOR、Akt、PI3K蛋白表达下调（P<0.05）;ELISA试验结果显示,采用马钱子碱进行干预后,细胞上清IL-6和TNF-α含量均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论：马钱子碱可有效抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移,可能是通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路而起作用,并通过调节TNF-α含量来达到抗肿瘤的作用。     

维生素E和硒互作对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗氧化系统的调节作用

采用二因素三水平设计试验,用添加不同水平配比的VE和Se(mg/kg)的饵料G0(0,0)、G1(200,0.2)、G2(200,0.4)、G3(200,0.8)、G4(400,0.2)、G5(400,0.4)、G6(400,0.8)、G7(800,0.2)、G8(800,0.4)、G9(800,0.8)投喂凡纳滨对虾,研究VE和Se对体长3cm左右凡纳滨对虾体液抗氧化系统的影响,试验进行4周。结果表明,第2周时,VE、VE和Se对O2?、酚氧化酶(PO)、血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)有显著影响(P0.05);Se对PO、血清和肝胰腺中T-AOC以及肝胰腺中GPx有显著影响(P0.05)。第4周时,VE和Se协同作用对4种抗氧化指标都有显著影响(P0.05)。第2、4周时,抗氧化酶活力比第0周显著升高。对O2?的研究发现,在第2和第4周时,G8组血细胞O2?最多。第2周时,血清PO在G5、G9组活力最高(P0.05),两组间差异不显著(P0.05);血清和肝胰腺中T-AOC在G2、G3组最高(P0.05);对虾肝胰腺中GPx酶活力在G3和G5组达到最高(P0.05),两组间差异不显著(P0.05)。第4周时,G7组PO和GPx活力最高,G9组T-AOC活力达到最高(P0.05)。研究结果提示:添加适量的VE和Se能显著提高对虾抗氧化能力,VE和Se对抗氧化系统具有随时间变化的动态调节作用,VE和Se之间存在交互作用。当在基础饵料中分别添加VE和Se在400mg/kg、0.4mg/kg时,凡纳滨对虾机体抗氧化能力整体达到平衡,能有效抵制氧自由基的损伤。     

缺K~+型低盐度水体Na~+/K~+比值对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长和能量收支的影响

为解决滨海盐碱地区缺K+渗咸水养殖对虾效果不佳的问题,2002年8月至9月,以人工海水为介质,在(25±0.5)℃条件下,保持盐度为15和Na、K总含量恒定,研究了6个Na+/K+(mmol/mmol)比值:R1,R2,R3,R4,5和R6(Na+/K+比值分别是47,62,76,88,98和116)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长、摄食和能量收支的影响。结果表明,各实验组实验虾的存活率没有显著差异。但是,随着Na+/K+比值的升高,实验虾的蜕皮频率(Moulting frequency)逐渐加快,并出现显著差异。R1,R2和R3组的养成体重、增重率和特定生长率(SGR)明显优于Na+/K+比值较大的R4,R5和R6组。各组实验虾的相对摄食率(FR)没有显著差异。R5和R6组的食物转化效率(FCE)显著低于对照组。水体的Na+/K+比值对实验虾的摄食能总量以及生长能、粪便能和蜕皮能所占摄食能的比例都产生了显著影响,而各组虾的呼吸能和排泄能的分配比例之间没有明显差异。实验表明水体Na+/K+比值是通过影响凡纳滨对虾对食物的转化效率(FCE)和生长能占摄食能的分配比例来影响其生长的。而且,在盐度15左右的缺K+咸水环境下养殖凡纳滨对虾,通过添加钾盐,将水体Na+/K+比值至少降低到76的水平,才能达到较好的养殖效果。     

海洋纤毛虫巨大拟阿脑虫的实验生态学研究:初始密度及食物对其种群生长的影响

采用实验生态学方法，就不同初始种群密度及食物密度等因素对海洋纤毛虫巨大拟阿脑虫（隶属纤毛门，盾纤目）的种群自然增长率（r)及世代时间（G）的影响进行了探讨。结果表明，初始种群密度与r值呈负相关，与G则呈正相关，初始密度为1ind/ml时，r值达最大值2．61/d，G值则为最小值为0．29d;r值随食物密度的增大而增大，当食物密度为2．8E＋08ind/ml时，r值达最大值为2．07。同时讨论了种群自然增长率和世代时间之计算方法在实验中的应用。     

基于无向图Floyd加速模型的海图抽选方法研究

为解决传统海图抽选存在的主观性高和抽选效率低的问题,尝试将图论中的Floyd算法应用到海图抽选问题中,通过在无向图多路径数据结构中对Floyd算法进行加速改进,提出了一种基于无向图Floyd加速模型的海图抽选方法。该方法通过对网络图及算法进行优化,实现了抽选海图航路覆盖范围的最大化和抽选海图数量的最小化,并将时间复杂度降至O(1/2(n)(n-1)~2);通过利用基于等价点数组的最短路径集算法,实现了同等海图数量前提下的不同海图选取方案。最后通过实验验证了上述模型在海图选取中的可行性和优越性。     

Influence of water logging time on the growth of Kandelia candel seedlings

Influence of waterlogging time on the growth of Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings grown for 70 d in the artificialtidal tanks‘ simulated semidiurnal tide under greenhouse is studied. Sand and soil act as the substrate and artificial seawater with salinity of 15 is used in cultivation. Shorter waterlogging time (inundated for about 2 ～ 4 h) promotes the growth of K candel seedlings, while longer time (inundated more than 8 h) or no waterlogging (0 h) inhibits their growth. The number and length of aerating roots increase with the increase of waterlogging time. Under existing conditions, the optimal waterlogging time for the growth of K. candel seedlings is about 2 ～ 4 h in every tide cycle. Compared with other treatments, the 2 h sanded treatments obtain the highest biomass of seedlings, have the lowest mass loss ofhypocotyl and broaden the photosynthetic area by increasing the area per leaf after 70-d cultivation. And the soil treatments have the similar tendency. However, waterlogging for 8h in every tide cycle is critical for normal development of seedlings.K. candel seedlings are highly tolerant to waterlogging and a proper waterlogging is beneficial to the growth of K. candel seedlings.     

Influence of water logging time on the growth of candel seedlings

Influence ofwaterlogging time on the growth ofKandeliacandel(L.) Druce seedlings grown for 70 d in the artificial-tidal tanks' simulated semidiumal tide under greenhouse is studied. Sand and soil act as the substrate and artificial sea-water with salinity of 15 is used in cultivation. Shorter waterlogging time (inundated for about 2 ～ 4 h) promotes thegrowth of K. candel seedlings, while longer time(inundated more than 8 h) or no waterlogging(0 h) inhibits theirgrowth. The number and length of aerating roots increase with the increase ofwaterlogging time. Under existing condi-tions, the optimalwaterlogging time for the growth of K. canoel seedlings is about 2 ～ 4 h in every tide cycle. Com-pared with other treatments, the 2 h sanded treatments obtain the highest biomass of seedlings, have the lowest massloss ofhypocotyl and broaden the photosynthetic area by increasing the area per leaf after 70-d cultivation. And the soiltreatments have the similar tendeney. However, waterlogging for 8 h in every tide cycle is critieal for normal develop-ment of seedlings. K. candel seedlings are highly tolerant to waterlogging and a proper waterlogging is beneficial to thegrowth ofK. candel seedlings.     

潮汐淹水时间对秋茄幼苗生长的影响

模拟正规半日潮淹水的条件下,不同淹水时间对秋茄[Kandelia candel(L.)Druce]幼苗生长的影响.应用沙和土两种培养基质,制备盐度为15的人工海水栽培幼苗培养时间为70 d.不淹水(0 h)和长时间淹水(>8 h)对秋茄幼苗的生长有一定的抑制作用,而短时间淹水(淹水2~4 h)对幼苗生长有所促进.较长时间的淹水可促进贮气根的数量增加和长度的增长.在当前培养条件下,秋茄幼苗生长的最佳淹水时间是每个潮水循环淹水2~4 h.2 h处理的沙培秋茄幼苗总生物量和成熟叶面积最大,胚轴失重最小,土培幼苗也有相应的变化趋势.秋茄幼苗生长的临界淹水时间是每个潮水循环淹水8 h.秋茄幼苗有较强的抗淹水能力,适当的淹水对其生长有利.     

中国明对虾血蓝蛋白C末端片段在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗菌活性

为研究中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血蓝蛋白C末端(FcHC-C)的抗菌功能,将血蓝蛋白基因FcHC的2个C末端基因片段连接到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建酵母表达载体pPIC9K/FcHC-C。该载体经SalI酶切后,采用PEG法转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)。转化子经过PCR鉴定后,阳性克隆通过含有G418的YPD平板筛选,获得高拷贝重组子。重组毕赤酵母利用甲醇诱导表达目的基因。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析结果表明,利用酵母工程菌成功表达了血蓝蛋白C末端片段(rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2)。抑菌活性鉴定实验结果显示,重组蛋白rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2作为阴离子抗菌肽具有抗真菌和抗细菌的活性。     

Formation of methane-related authigenic carbonates in a highly dynamic biogeochemical system in the Krishna–Godavari Basin,Bay of Bengal

We report the abundant occurrence of authigenic Fe-rich carbonate, high Mg-calcite (HMC) and low Mg-calcite from 11 cores recovered from the Krishna–Godavari Basin (K–G Basin), Bay of Bengal. The cores were collected as part of the Indian gas hydrate exploration program on board R/V Marion Dufresne (MD-161: May, 2007) in different environments, including mounds (mud diapirs), mass flows, and hemipelagic sediments over a range of water depths from 647 to 2079 m. Authigenic carbonates range in size from 1 mm to 12 cm and display various morphologies like roundish or platy (micro-) nodules and tube-like forms. From the cores, 173 carbonate samples have been investigated for their depth distribution, mineralogy, geochemical and stable isotopic composition. The stable carbon isotopic composition of 46 out of 88 measured carbonate samples are around −50‰ which allows the differentiation into methane-related carbonates (HMC), especially at Sites 8 and 15, but also in low abundance at Sites 1, 5, 9 and 12. Results indicate that the carbonates at Site 8 and 15 represent paleo methane seepage locations. The Fe-rich carbonates occur abundantly at many sites in the K–G Basin. Their varying carbon isotopic composition indicates that probably not only sulfate reduction through organic matter degradation but also methanogenesis are the responsible processes for their formation.     

三丁基锡对文蛤外套膜代谢酶活性的影响

用实验生态学方法，观察浓度为0．1、1、10ng／dm^3的三丁基锡暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7、20d后对文蛤外套膜酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶以及Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性的影响．结果表明各浓度组的三丁基锡在暴露早期（2d），外套膜中酸性、碱性磷酸酶和Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较没有显著差异，随着暴露时间的延长，高浓度的TBT暴露对AKP表现出激活作用，对ACP和Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶活性则具有抑制作用．结果显示Na^＋、K^＋-ATP酶可作为有机锡暴露的生物标志物．