利用改进的DCCD和SIFT描述符的影像匹配方法

提出一种基于改进的DCCD(double-cirele-based corner detector, )和SIFT(scale invariant feature transform)描述符的影像匹配方法。在特征点检测阶段,首先采用改进的DCCD快速检测影像上的关键点,然后确定关键点的主方向,生成特征点。在特征点描述阶段,采用SIFT描述符描述特征点。在特征点匹配阶段,分别采用BBF(best bin first)算法和RANSAC(随机采样一致性)算法进行特征点粗匹配和误匹配特征点剔除。实验结果表明,与基于Harris角点和SIFT描述符的影像匹配方法相比,该方法在匹配速度和准确率方面得到了提高。     

结合SIFT特征点和泊松融合的无人机遥感影像拼接技术

针对无人机遥感影像拼接技术的研究,本文提出了一种结合尺度不变的SIFT特征点和重叠过渡泊松融合的无人机遥感影像无缝拼接方法。该方法首先采用SIFT算法对影像进行特征点提取,根据特征描述符间的欧氏距离对特征点进行粗匹配;然后使用随机采样一致性（RANSAC）算法剔除误匹配点对,为防止计算出的单适应矩阵线性结构不稳定,引入LM算法对单适应矩阵进行优化;最后采用重叠过渡泊松融合算法对影像进行拼接融合,以实现影像的无缝拼接。试验结果表明,该方法在无人机遥感影像拼接方面具有优势,能够获得良好的拼接影像。     

无人机航摄影像快速拼接方法改进

为提高无人机航摄影像快速拼接速度和精度,文章针对无人机影像处理特点,提出重叠区分块并行处理策略;通过对不同图像分辨率和尺度下的特征匹配情况进行分析,提出分块阈值自适应调节方法来改进SIFT算法;利用匹配点距离中误差进行粗差去除,获取最优RANSAC样本,得到更精确匹配点对。实验结果证明,改进策略既保证拼接的精度,又提高了拼接的效率。     

改进AKAZE算法的泥石流区无人机影像特征匹配

针对在泥石流区灾害应急中使用无人机高分辨率影像特征匹配时时效性较低的问题,本文提出了一种改进AKAZE无人机影像特征匹配的算法。该算法首先使用AKAZE特征点检测算法提取局部稳定不变特征,用二进制描述符BEBLID描述检测到的特征点,采用最近邻次近邻距离比(NNDR)完成初步匹配;然后采用核线几何约束计算变换矩阵,达到内点提纯、提高匹配质量的目的;最后选取5组同一无人机序列影像进行特征匹配试验,分别与经典SIFT算法、AKAZE算法、ORB算法进行比较。试验结果表明,该方法的匹配准确率与SIFT算法接近,略高于AKAZE算法,明显优于ORB算法,计算速度明显优于SIFT算法和AKAZE算法,基本达到ORB算法的计算效率。本文方法能较好地应用于对匹配精度和匹配时效均要求较高的泥石流场景无人机影像数据处理中。     

低空无人机影像的快速拼接技术研究

对低空无人机影像的快速拼接技术进行研究,采用SIFT算法和SURF算法对尺度不变特征进行提取,根据特征描述符间的欧氏距离进行特征匹配,并使用RANSAC算法对匹配中产生的误匹配点对进行剔除,然后利用单应性矩阵实现无人机的影像拼接。实验结果表明,SIFT算法和SURF算法均能较好地对影像特征进行提取,SURF算法在效率上更优,RANSAC算法的剔除效果较好,能够得到良好的拼接影像。     

利用特征组合检测算法的无人机遥感影像匹配研究

影像匹配是无人机遥感影像拼接和三维建模的基础和关键步骤。结合不同算法的优势,本文提出一种基于特征组合与RANSAC算法的无人机遥感影像匹配方法。该匹配方法首先采用AKAZE算法检测影像的特征点,然后利用SIFT描述符描述特征向量并获取特征点的主方向,最后基于单映射变换矩阵的RANSAC算法进行精准匹配。本文对基于特征组合与RANSAC算法的匹配效果进行了试验对比分析,试验结果表明：与常用匹配方法的匹配效果相比,本文的匹配方法继承了AKAZE算法的快速匹配能力,匹配总耗时介于AKAZE算法和SIFT算法之间,约为BRISK算法匹配耗时的20%;同时,该匹配方法继承了SIFT算法的多匹配点对性能,从整体匹配效果来看,本文的匹配方法优于AKAZE、SIFT、BRISK算法。     

一种改进的无人机航摄影像快速拼接方法

为提高无人机航摄影像快速拼接的速度和精度,针对无人机影像处理特点,提出重叠区分块并行处理策略;通过对不同图像分辨率和尺度下的特征匹配情况进行分析,提出分块阈值自适应调节方法来改进尺度不变特征转换(SIFT)算法;利用匹配点距离中误差进行粗差去除,获取最优随机一致性检验(RANSAC)样本,得到更精确匹配点对。试验结果证明,改进策略既可保证拼接精度,又可提高拼接效率。     

一种运用AKAZE特征的无人机遥感影像拼接方法

针对无人机遥感影像旋偏角大、地面覆盖范围小等特点,提出一种运用AKAZE特征匹配算法实现无人机遥感影像的快速拼接。该方法利用AKAZE算法提取影像特征点,采用比值法、RANSAC算法计算出拼接序列之间的单应矩阵,通过中心距离范数加权法进行融合。实验表明,其配准精度优于ORB算法,与SIFT算法相当,而运算效率高于SIFT算法,但不及ORB算法,是一种稳定高效的无人机影像拼接算法。     

改进SIFT特征描述符在影像匹配中的应用研究

由于成像条件变化造成的遥感图像之间的几何形变和灰度差异给影像匹配带来了困难,深入研究了SIFT特征描述符的生成方法,针对SIFT特征维数过高的问题进行改进,利用特征点邻域的圆形区域构造新的描述符,增强了描述符自身的抗旋转性,并降低了特征描述符的维数。实验表明,改进的特征描述符是可行有效的,在遥感影像目标匹配中取得满意的实验结果。     

带匹配支持度的多源遥感影像SIFT匹配方法

通过将匹配支持度的相似性测度引入SIFT特征匹配算法,提出了一种能够应用于不同源遥感影像的自动匹配方法。首先,建立待匹配影像中特征点的SIFT特征描述符;然后,以待匹配点与参考点间的欧氏距离为相似性测度,挑选一定数量的距离最为接近的匹配点作为候选点;最后,分别计算候选匹配点间的匹配支持度,并通过松弛法剔除误匹配点以完成影像的自动匹配。实验结果表明,与传统的灰度匹配及经典的SIFT特征匹配相比,此算法可明显提高影像匹配的成功率和可靠性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。