锦绣龙虾消化系统的解剖学及组织学研究

锦绣龙虾的消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,消化管包括口、食道、胃、中肠和后肠。胃分为贲门胃和幽门胃,中肠较长,占消化管总长度的74.18%。消化管的基本结构由内向外可分为4层,即黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌肉层和外膜。黏膜层主要由单层柱状上皮和基膜构成,除中肠外其余消化管管壁上皮均覆盖有几丁质膜,黏膜下层和外膜均为结缔组织层,消化道的结缔组织中分布有皮肤腺。消化腺主要是肝胰腺,由肝小管组成,根据其形态和功能的不同,可把构成肝小管的单层细胞分为四类:分泌细胞、吸收细胞、纤维细胞和胚细胞。     

波纹龙虾胚胎的离体培养及发育观察

对波纹龙虾不同发育时期的胚胎进行离体培养和显微观察。结果表明,初始培育的离体胚胎愈接近孵化期,其孵化率愈高(最高达80.0%);波纹龙虾胚胎发育经历受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、中眼色素形成期、复眼色素形成期、心跳期、破膜前期和出膜期;胚胎在发育过程中颜色变化:橙红→深橙红→砖红→灰白→接近透明。     

光裸星虫消化系统的解剖学和组织学研究

运用解剖学和组织学方法研究光裸星虫(Sipunculus nudus)消化系统结构。结果表明,光裸星虫消化系统由消化道和直肠盲囊组成,消化道可分为口、食道、下行肠、上行肠、直肠和肛门。口四周由具摄食作用的辐射状触手围绕。消化道管壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层和浆膜三层结构组成,黏膜层具有大量皱褶,黏膜下层和浆膜层中分布有大量颗粒细胞;无连续的肌肉层,只在黏膜下层内散布着数量不等的肌纤维。直肠盲囊细长,连接于上行肠末端,囊壁无分泌细胞,囊内充满黄色黏稠液状物质。     

波纹龙虾胚胎对五种生态因子的适应性

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)胚胎对生态因子的耐受能力,为龙虾繁殖提供数据。【方法】采用封闭静水实验方法和常规生物急性毒性实验法。在温度(30±0.5)℃,盐度30,pH(8.10±0.1)和溶解氧(DO)为(5.0±0.5)mg/L条件下,分别进行温度、盐度、pH的骤变和渐变对波纹龙虾胚胎存活影响研究;根据急性毒性预实验结果设置等对数间距浓度值,进行氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎的急性毒性实验。【结果与结论】波纹龙虾胚胎发育的温度、盐度和pH耐受范围分别为7~36℃、15~45和5.8~9.4;波纹龙虾胚胎适宜温度为15~30℃,适宜盐度为30~35,适宜pH为7.0~8.5;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮毒性效应与浓度和暴露时间呈正相关。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮暴露24~96 h,波纹龙虾胚胎存活率组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。氨氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别是180.46、61.11、41.87、26.58 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为2.66 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的LC₅₀分别是839.50、423.75、214.48、135.41 mg/L,SC为13.54 mg/L。     

波纹龙虾蜕壳周期的呼吸排泄和血淋巴生理学

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)蜕壳周期内呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力的变化。【方法】选取蜕壳后期(A期和B期)、蜕壳间期(C期)和蜕壳前期(D_0,D_1,D_2,D_3期)的波纹龙虾测定耗氧率和排氨率,并测定血淋巴中的离子含量、总蛋白含量和血细胞数量及免疫酶活力。【结果】波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率从蜕壳后期到蜕壳间期均显著降低。耗氧率在D_0期显著上升,而排氨率在蜕壳前期逐渐减少,在D_3期达到最低水平。血清Ca~(2+)含量在D_1期最高,并显著高于A期(P 0.05)。K~+含量在D_1期则最低,在蜕壳周期中整体变化不显著(P 0.05)。Mg~(2+)和无机磷(Phos)含量在蜕壳周期中也无显著变化(P 0.05)。血淋巴总蛋白含量在蜕壳后大幅减少,至蜕壳间期又显著提升(P 0.05),但与蜕壳前期相比差异不显著(P 0.05)。血细胞数量在D_2期最高,而B期最低,分别为4.22×10~7和2.40×10~7 mL~(-1)。酚氧化酶活力在蜕壳周期中呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而一氧化氮合酶活力在A期最低,在其他时期之间未发现显著性差异(P0.05)。【结论】波纹龙虾的呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力与蜕壳周期密切相关。     

盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响

利用室内实验生态学方法研究不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾的呼吸和排泄的影响.结果表明:不同盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(p <0.05).盐度为18~34时,波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率先下降再升高,盐度26和30时较小,耗氧率分别为0.1305±0.0105 mg/(g·h)和0.1314±0.0052 mg/(g·h),排氨率分别为0.1733±0.0039 mg/(g·h)和0.1724±0.0044 mg/(g·h).波纹龙虾耗氧量(MO)和排氨量(MN)与体质量(m)呈正相关,而耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体质量呈负相关,其关系式可表示为:MO =1.4921 m 0.4190和MN=1.1295 m 0.6988;RO=2.9333 m -0.7343和RN=1.1291 m -0.3011.     

凡纳滨对虾促雄性腺的组织学初步观察

通过显微观察和组织学连续切片,对凡纳滨对虾的促雄性腺进行研究。结果表明:凡纳滨对虾的促雄性腺埋于精荚囊端壶腹外侧的肌肉中,呈不规则的块状,Harris苏木精染色呈嗜碱性。H?E染色显示,促雄性腺主要由两种形态的细胞构成,一种核质致密嗜碱性非常强,细胞核被染成深蓝色,核仁很难辨认,大多呈圆形或卵圆形(A型细胞);另一种细胞多为卵圆形,细胞核较大,核质疏松,被染成浅蓝色,核仁1～2个清晰可见(B型细胞)。此外,促雄性腺中A、B细胞的出现及其数量随精巢发育而发生变化,繁殖完成后细胞解体。     

微波真空干燥波纹巴非蛤肉工艺的研究

采用微波真空干燥方法对波纹巴非蛤肉进行干制,探究微波真空干燥的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:微波真空干燥的最佳工艺条件为微波功率2.66 kW,真空度0.08 MPa,预煮盐水质量分数8%,达到干燥终点5 min左右;与热风干燥相比,微波真空干燥贝肉的物理及感官特性优于热风干燥的贝肉,而且干燥速度快、时间短。     

三角帆蚌鳃的组织学研究

对非繁殖期与繁殖前期的雌性三角帆蚌鳃瓣作组织切片,观察其组织形态结构。结果表明,三角帆蚌内、外鳃的鳃丝在组成上是相同的,从外到内,其结构可以分为:上皮、基膜、结缔组织,鳃丝上密布纤毛,鳃丝结缔组织中含吞噬细胞、透明细胞等。外鳃具特有结构——瓣间隔和育儿囊,且在瓣间隔两侧,有发达的小水管系统。由于这种结构的存在,使得内外鳃瓣在鳃瓣厚度、鳃小瓣厚度、鳃丝宽度上存在显著性差异。繁殖前期,内鳃基本无变化,而外鳃发生明显的变化,鳃瓣增厚,鳃腔扩大形成孵化室,为胚胎发育提供一个良好的发育环境。     

繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢发育的组织学研究

对繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢的结构进行显微观察。结果表明,繁殖季节彩虹鲨卵巢,大多处于Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期,少数处于Ⅲ期。在Ⅳ和Ⅴ期卵巢中,Ⅱ～Ⅵ时相的卵母细胞同时存在,说明彩虹鲨为分批产卵类型。Ⅱ时相卵母细胞出现卵黄核,Ⅲ时相卵母细胞出现放射膜和皮质液泡,Ⅳ时相卵母细胞的受精孔和精孔细胞明显。     

Histological study on the digestive system development ofTakifugu rubripes larvae and juvenile

The digestive tract of Takifugu rubripes during early life stages was studied with light microscopy. At the beginning of hatching, the digestive tract is represented by a simple and undifferentiated straight tube and does not communicate with the exterior, as the mouth and anus are not open yet. At 2 d after hatching, a constriction between intestine and rectum that will become the intestino-rectal valve is visible. During the endogenous feeding phase, the yolk sac is resorbed and the digestive tract becomes functional and differentiated. The liver and pancreas also become apparent at this time. At onset of exogenous feeding （3 d after hatching）, yolk sac resesves are not completely depleted, suggesting a period of mixed nutrition. The digestive tract differentiates fully into b.uccopharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum. At 9 d after hatching, the yolk sac reserves are completely depleted. The most noticeable events occurring from 5 to 17 d after hatching are the transformation of the epithelia type, the differentiation of the pneumatic sac, the epithelial cell, gut convolution, mucosal fold increase, and the growth of liver and pancreas. From 18 to 27 d after hatching, the numbers of intestine folds and mucus cells increase progressively. From then on, morphological changes of digestive features are almost completed. At 27 d after hatching, the morphology and function of digestive system are similar to that of the adult.     

Histological Study on the Skin of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Histological development of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larval skin and ultrastructural difference of skin between reared normal and malpigmented Japanese flounder were studied with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the skin develops slowly before the metamorphosis, while at the onset of metamorphosis, the skin develops quickly and becomes complete in structure till about 50d after being hatched. Ultrastructural observation on the normal and malpigmented skins shows that the iridophore and melanophore are adjacent to each other. Profile and structure of the two kinds of pigment cells are more complete in the skin of normal ocular side than in the skin of pigmented blind side. The ultrastructure of typical chloride cell was observed in the skin of Japanese flounder larvae for the first time.     

Structure and Function of the Digestive System of Solen Grandis Dunker

Structure and function of the digestive system of a bivalve mollusc, Solen grandis, were studied using light microscopy and histochemical methods. The wall of digestive tube consists of four layers: the mucosal epithelium, connective tissue, muscular and fibrosa or serosa (only in the portion of rectum) from the inner to the outer. The ciliated columnar epithelial cells, dispersed by cup-shaped mucous cells, rest on a thin base membrane. There are abundant blood spaces in connective tissue layer. The digestive diverticula are composed of multi-branched duct and digestive tubules. The digestive tubules are lined with digestive and basophilic secretory cells, and surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle fibers and connective tissues. Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, esterase and lipase are detected in the digestive cells, and the epithelia of stomach and intestine, suggesting that these cells are capable of intracellular digesting of food materials and absorbing. Besides, acid phosphatase and e     

The Gastric Shield and the Underlying Epithelium of Chlamys Farreri:Morphological, Histological and Histochemical Characterizations

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