塔里木盆地北缘早石炭世有孔虫

塔里木盆地北缘早石炭世干草湖组和野云沟组产有丰富的有孔虫及(竹蜓)科化石,共计32个属,近100个种,其中7个新种.自下而上建立了四个化石组合即:1.Tournayella discoi-dea-Tuberendothyra tuberculata magna;2.Dainella wushiensis-Endothyra Parain-flata;3.Eostaffella hohsiensis-Archaediscus moelleri;4.Eostaffellinella Prot-vae-Climacammiana ferra.第一组合的时代为杜内(岩关)期,其余三个组合属维宪(大塘)期.     

论拟拉且尔■亚科

拟拉且尔筵属Parareichelina最早见于和合著的《(竹蜓)的分类与演化》(1958,17页)(竹蜓)的分类表,即Parareichelina K.M.—Maclay,1956。在参考文献中却没有的著作,但注明有《古生物学基础》一书,正在印刷中。1959年,这三位学者在《古生物学基础》(竹蜓)目208页,Parareichelina属是1958年建立,模式种为Parareichelina reticulata K.M.—Maclay属征简单描述为:与Reichelina属的区别是,内圈凸镜形,外圈不包卷,隔壁褶皱。模式种的产地层位是,苏联北高加索上二叠统。代表这     

藏北唐古拉山地区沱沱河组孢粉组合及其地层意义

唐古拉山地区广泛出露早新生代陆相红层, 确定这些红层的时代对认识青藏高原的形成具有非常重要的意义.沱沱河组上部的孢粉化石组合以被子植物花粉为主, 且主要为三沟和三孔沟类, 包括栎粉属 (尤其是小栎粉和小亨氏栎粉) 、楝粉属、坡氏粉属和三孔沟粉属等, 具孔类花粉很少, 大部分属种为古近纪常见分子;组合中出现少量鸡爪勒粉属、唇形三沟粉属、山萝卜粉属、管花菊粉属等草本植物花粉;并含有零星古老类型的成分, 如克拉梭粉属、五边粉属和江汉粉属;裸子植物花粉含量低, 蕨类植物孢子零星.基于孢粉组合特征分析, 认为沱沱河组上部的地质时代为始新世中晚期, 为进一步完善了该区新生代地层系统提供了新的依据.      

论寒武纪三叶虫节头虫属：概念和异名

节头虫属(Genus Arthricocephalus)的概念一直较为混乱,在为它的模式种乔氏节头虫(Arthricocephalus chauveaui)指定"选模"后,又进一步加剧。经对A.chauveaui的原始手标本上保存的所有三叶虫研究后,发现命名者Bergeron所附A.chauveaui的唯一图片,依据的是其中一枚背壳,特征吻合,从而认定该背壳是A.chauveaui的正模,代表了模式种和节头虫属的概念,是该种和该属名称的载体。也表明为A.chauveaui建立"选模",既无必要,也违背命名者的本意。而且选择一个不归属于A.chauveaui的标本来代表该种、该属的概念,就更不妥当。经研究,手标本上的三叶虫不是同一个种,而是隶属于三个不同种,这三个种又应归属于三个不同的属,即Arthricocephalus,Oryctocarella和Duyunaspis。A.chauveaui"选模"头盖并不属于该种,应归属于Oryctocarella duyunensis。研究还表明,有三个分类单元是Arthricocephalus的晚出异名,即Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974,Haliplanktes Blaker et Peel,1997,和Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin sensu Yuan et al.,2002。     

对我国中中新世新发现的几种古猿的研究

1983年在江苏泗洪县天岗湖乡松林庄中中新统含古猿类化石的地点下草湾组中,笔者发掘出臼齿化石4枚(其中一枚臼齿尚待研究),其中三枚臼齿化石分别属于古猿类之三个属的三个新种。它们是王氏上新猿(新种)Pliopithecus wangi sp.nov.,天岗湖长臂猿(新种)Hylobates tianganhuensis sp.nov.,泗洪森林猿(新种)Dryopithecus sihongensis sp.nov.。     

云南景谷早中新世翅子树属叶片化石的发现及其古生态和植物地理学意义

锦葵科(Malvaceae Juss.)翅子树属(Pterospermum Schreb.)主要分布于热带亚洲,该属化石目前只在印度有少量记录。本研究报道了产自云南省景谷县(23°31′N,100°42′E)下中新统三号沟组的翅子树属叶片化石。通过形态学研究鉴定出3个种：双兴翅子树(P.shuangxingii Y.S.Zhao, J.Huang et T. Su sp. nov.),叶片偏小型,顶端截形并具3浅裂,与现今分布于东南亚地区的大花翅子树(P.grandiflorum Craib)形态较为相似;云南翅子树近似种(P.cf.yunnanense H.H.Hsue),叶片偏小型,顶端不分裂;翅子树属一未定种(Pterospermum sp.),叶片中型,叶片顶端具齿。景谷县翅子树属化石的发现证明,早中新世该属就在我国西南地区分化并繁盛至今。综合本研究以及已有证据,翅子树属可能从印度次大陆起源,随后向亚洲东部和东南部的热带地区扩散,最终形成了现今热带亚洲的分布格局。此外,本研究还描述了翅子树属化石叶片上的9种昆虫取食类型,与该属现生种叶片的昆虫取食形态一致,表明该属现今的植食性昆虫取食行为可能在早中新世就已经出现。

     

中甸地区三叠系下统的划分和对比

一、前言云南省西北部的中甸地区,属松潘甘孜印支褶皱系义敦优地槽褶皱带的南延部份,其东南与扬子准地台盐源——丽江台缘褶皱带相邻。区内三迭系十分发育,出露也很齐全,是研究三迭系比较理想的区域。早在1898年,洛采(Loezy)在中甸发现了属拉丁尼克期的Myophoria elegansDunker,M.cf.laevigata Goldfuss,M.radiata Loezy等化石。1947年,德人米士(Misch)曾往滇西调查地质,将丽江、鹤庆、剑川一带的三迭系划分为四个组,     

草莓红绿柱石的晶体结构及其对形态的影响

草莓红绿柱石(Pezzottaite)是一种含高锂-铯新发现的属三方晶系的新矿物种,理想化学式为Cs(Be2 Li1)3Al2Si6O18.结构与绿柱石相似,属于复杂的环状硅酸盐矿物.空间群为R 3c[1-2].     

新疆中奥陶世Taklamakaniinae新材料

三叶虫塔克拉玛干虫亚科(Taklamakaniinae)是张文堂教授1980年创立的,它的建立对地层划分和对比具有重要的意义,这一亚科地质历程较短,分布广泛,而且这类三叶虫无眼,只有三个胸节,容易辩认.本亚科与Raphiophorinae Angelin,1854,亚科的主要区别是前者只有三个胸节而后者为5或6个胸节.张文堂在建立本亚科时只有NanshanaspisChang et Fan,1960;Taklamakania Zhang W.T.1980;Pseudampyxina Ju,1980.前二属在新疆原来只见干柯坪地区,后来又在阿尔金山、库鲁克塔格、北天山西段科古琴山都有发现,并相继发现新的属种.这些都充分说明了本亚科分布的普遍性.本文记述了本亚科的三属,5种,其中包括1个新属,2个新种.     

老挝万象地区含盐系地层

老挝万象地区的含盐地层称为塔贡组(E1tg)。该组可划分为三个岩性段,每个岩性段均由下部膏盐层、上部陆源碎屑岩组成,均属湖泊沉积。该套地层的介形虫属Sinocypris—Cypris(Cristocypris)—Parailyocypris组合、轮藻属Peckichara—Obtusochara组合,属古新统。岩石地层、生物地层及年代地层上,该组与我国滇西地区的勐野井组(Em)较为相似。     

Deinocephalians of the U.S.S.R.

The deinocephalian pelvic girdle, of general pelycosaurian structure, is useful in systematic diagnosis. In primitive Russian deinocephalians, two contrasting pelvic patterns are recognized, one light, thin-walled, narrow, and of V-shaped cross-section, and the other massive, thick-walled, wide, and of U-shaped cross-section. The former is characteristic of two families of lightly- built, mobile land carnivores, the Eotitanosuchidae and the Brithopodidae. The Eotitanosuchidae are more primitive and pelycosaur-like, while the Brithopodidae show more variation, and specializations of large size, shallower acetabulum (related to mobility?), and re-enforcement of a weak pubic symphysis by additional processes. The massive type of pelvis characterizes large, heavily built herbivorous animals of the family Estemmenosuchidae. In general pelvic structure, the Estemmenosuchidae resemble the South African anteosaurs and tapinocephalians and the Russian tapinocephalians. In detail, however, they show a more primitive stage of evolution, overlaid by characteristic specializations which relate them more closely to the advanced Russian forms than to those of South Africa. Three new genera are erected, Biarmosaurus, fam. Eotitanosuchidae; Chthomaloporus, fam. Brithopodidae; and Molybdopygus, fam. Estemmenosuchidae. One specimen formerly referred to Deuterosaurus Yefremov 1954, and five formerly included in the type of Brithopus Yefremov 1954 are referred to Molybdopygus. The more primitive deinocephalians are from Yezhovo in the Ocher District, Perm Province, while more advanced forms are from Isheyevo, in Tataria, where-therocephalians and other South African elements are also found. It is therefore concluded that the Ochersk beds are older than those of Isheyevo and must be dated to zone I of Yefremov's system. — N. Hotton III.     

Precambrian tillite rocks of U.S.S.R.

Detailed regional studies and the author' personal observations on tillite-like rocks in Siberia and Ural suggest that pseudo-tillites, only too common in subaqueous landslide formations, were often mistaken for tillites or tillite-like rocks, because of their resemblance to fossil moraines. --V. P. Sokoloff.     

Eozoic complexes of the U.S.S.R.

Soviet geologists consider the Precambrian to be divided into two groups — Archaean and Proterozoic; but such a division is unsatisfactory. A major unconformity separates Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary formations from an underlying sequence that contains two supergroups of supercrustal formations. The oldest of these is unanimously considered to be Archaean. Rocks of that supergroup play an essential part in the composition of the Baltic, Ukrainian, Aldan and Anabar Shields and of the ancient fold belts of the East-European and Siberian platforms.Distinctive features in the composition, tectonic structure, metamorphism and metallogeny of Archaean complexes lead to the conclusion that they were formed in specifically mobile areas, different from geosynclinal areas.The other supergroup of high-grade metamorphic rocks has no clear place in the accepted two-fold stratigraphic scheme of the Precambrian, and it is considered sometimes to be Archaean and sometimes to be Early Proterozoic. We propose restoring the forgotten name “Eozoic” for that supergroup. Eozoic complexes are characterized by peculiarities of composition and inner structure, which signify changes in the tectonic regime of the earth at the lower and upper boundaries of the Eozoic Supergroup. These peculiarities give grounds for distinguishing the Eozoic Supergroup as an independent stratigraphic division.The Stanovoy Complex of the southern part of the Aldan Shield is a stratotype for the Eozoic Supergroup. Many well-known stratigraphic subdivisions of the Siberian Platform (e.g., the Eniseiskaya, the Birusinskaya series and others), the Taratash Complex of the Urals, the Goranskaya and Shahdarinskaya series of the South-West Pamir, the Tikitch complex and Aulskaya series of the Ukrainian Shield, and in part the Belomorsky Complex of the Baltic Shield, as well as some others, are also Eozoic.The Eozoic complexes are characterized by the following specific features: only some supercrustal formations are typical for them; the small number of rock types which have a total thickness about 5–6 km; relatively monotonous mineral composition of the rocks; variable quantitative ratios of rocks; absence of contrasting marker beds; regional metamorphism and ultrametamorphism in the amphibolite facies; wide development of ultrametamorphic granitoids and migmatites; distinct tectonic differentiations of the basin of sedimentation.Dates determined by isotopic analyses, which mostly reflect the metamorphism of the deposits, fall predominantly in the range 2600–3100 Ma.     

In remembrance of Prof. PhD Dr. h.c. Wolfgang H. Berger

International Journal of Earth Sciences -     

Development of geological research in U.S.S.R Academy of Sciences and U.S.S.R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves

On October 12, 1962, a joint session of the Presidium of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and the Collegium of the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves adopted a resolution “On the present state of the geological sciences in the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and the U. S. S. R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves and their prospects for the future.” Important contributions of Russian geologists are acknowledged, but attention is drawn to many shortcomings. Future goals of geological study and work are given in detail. Twenty-one lines of research to be concentrated on are given, covering all phases of geology, geophysics, and geochemistry. In discussing the failings of the geological profession in Russia, it is of interest to note the following comment: “Geological research in other countries is still insufficiently studied and applied, and we are not making adequate use of geologic information from abroad.” The list of the Russian geologists' shortcomings sounds vaguely familiar. —J. R. Hayes