共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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在收集以往自然重砂测量、土壤测量资料的基础上,结合1∶5万土壤地球化学调查,进行苏州西部土壤中汞的分布特征及成因解析。结果表明,研究区土壤中Hg含量变化范围较大,介于0.023~5.012 mg/kg之间,平均值高达0.386 mg/kg,远高于苏州地区表层土壤及太湖水网平原表层土壤Hg含量平均值,土壤汞污染比较严重。区内辰砂矿物与土壤中Hg的空间分布具有较高的耦合性,与区内断裂构造、矿床分布有关,表明区内土壤中的汞、辰砂分布是多金属矿成生作用的产物,人类活动的影响不大。 相似文献
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普遍出现在城镇及其周边土壤中的Hg异常受到极大关注,但是对此类异常到底具有怎样的生态危害目前还没有明确的结论原因之一就是对异常的成因机理缺乏准确认识。在13个中心试验区及其周围几十个城镇获得的试验研究结果表明,出现在城镇周边地区的土壤Hg异常,均与土壤中的辰砂矿物有关,而且辰砂在形成土壤Hg异常中起到重要作用。此类辰砂是叠加到土壤中的Hg经过形态转化形成Hg2 ,然后与S2-结合生成HgS,进而结晶形成的首次给辰砂的次生成因学提供了一种可能性。辰砂的形成使Hg以矿物态形式固定在土壤中,导致土壤Hg含量增高,形成土壤Hg异常。此项研究成果对土壤Hg异常生态效应评价及预警预测研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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汞矿区稻田土壤汞形态分布特征及对甲基化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汞污染区稻米甲基汞超标现象普遍存在,汞在土壤中的形态分布被认为是影响甲基化过程的重要因素之一.本研究选取贵州省万山废弃汞矿区和土法炼汞区为研究区域,在水稻生长期间对稻田土壤剖面中总汞、甲基汞及形态汞进行测定,结合土壤环境因子指标,讨论土壤汞形态分布特征对甲基化的影响.研究表明,汞矿区稻田土壤中总汞和甲基汞均表现出随土壤... 相似文献
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土壤/沉积物中汞污染地球化学及污染防治措施研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综述了汞的来源,介绍了汞的形态及形态分析方法的研究进展,讨论了影响汞吸附和解吸的主要因素,比较了对土壤/沉积物中汞污染进行风险评价的方法,提出了生物修复、减少汞污染的排放等治理我国汞污染的有效措施。最后对汞在土壤/沉积物中的地球化学行为等研究方面进行了展望。 相似文献
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含有机质热水溶液与金、铜、汞相互作用的实验研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文用实验方法研究了含有机质(脂肪酸、腐植酸,氨基酸、原油、油田卤水等)热水溶液对岩石中Au、Cu、Hg的淋滤活化作用.结果表明,含一定有机质的水溶液对岩石中Au的淋滤能力超过含NaCl、KCl等盐类的卤水,含有机质和盐类的卤水的地球化学性质基本上取决于有机质的地球化学行为。原油、油田卤水对HgS有较强的溶解作用,腐植酸及低分子的脂肪酸、氨基酸对HgS的溶解基本上不起作用。丙氨酸是岩石中Cu的有效活化剂,常温下可使岩石中46%的Cu进入水溶液。 相似文献
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Paul J. Lechler Jerry R. Miller Liang-Chi Hsu Mario O. Desilets 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,58(2-3)
The Carson River Superfund Site in west-central Nevada is an area of Hg-contaminated soil, sediment, water, air, and biola resulting from the amalgamation milling of Ag-Au ores of the Comstock lode worked approximately a century ago. In order to develop an understanding of the behavior, transport, and fate of Hg at this site, a technique was developed to estimate the proportions of total, elemental, exchangeable, organic, and sulfide Hg in soils, sediments, and tailings.Results of this analysis performed on active Carson River sediments indicate that Hg is selectively dissolved out of Hg-Au amalgam particles and subsequently adsorbed to fine-grained sediments which are then deposited in downstream, low-energy reaches of the Carson River and Labontan Reservoir. In the relatively more-reducing environment of the reservoir Hg appears to be converted, in large part, to relatively-insoluble HgS.The original elemental form of Hg released to the environment is the chemical form which is still dominant in most highly-contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. Deeper, more-reducing soil horizons, however, appear to fix a significant portion of the Hg as HgS, analogous to the Lahontan Reservoir example described above. This fixation as HgS is documented to be largely limited to higher-sulfur areas where sulfide minerals from the Comstock ores increase the total sulfur concentrations of contaminated soils, sediments, and tailings. 相似文献
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甘肃省白银市区土壤环境质量评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对白银市区土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的分布、存在形式和在水体中的含量进行分析,认为该区土壤、水体已受到Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg等重金属污染.按国家土壤环境质量标准,白银市土壤中Cd的环境质量均未达到Ⅰ级标准,Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级污染面积占研究区面积的82.39%,污染比较严重;Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu的Ⅲ级及其以上污染区面积分别占研究区的7.35%、5.59%、14.67%、5.71%.通过2000年与2007年白银市土壤重金属元素背景值对比发现,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的污染增速明显,并有逐渐扩大的趋势.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的成因来源进行了初步探讨,认为有色金属冶炼、加工和重化工是主要污染源,其次为燃煤、生活垃圾及汽车尾气排放. 相似文献
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本文介绍了在宝鸡市1:5万城市区域地质调查的同时,对城区524km~2范围内的表层和底层土壤应用环境地球化学研究的方法,对土壤环境进行了综合评价。认为测区部分地段土壤和一些植物受到Cd、As、Pb、Sb、Cr、Hg、F元素不同程度的污染。造成污染的主要原因是工业三废中的污水长期被利用灌溉,同时查明活动断裂是F、Hg等元素的内生污染源。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(8):1546-1559
Total Hg concentrations and Hg speciation were determined in bottom sediments of Marano lagoon to investigate the consequences of Hg phases on fish farms and shellfish cultivation areas. Mercury phases were separated into cinnabar (HgS) and non-cinnabar compounds, via a thermo-desorption technique, in surface and core sediments; both of which had been contaminated by industrial wastes and mining activity residues. The former are due to an industrial complex, which has been producing cellulose, chlor-alkali and textile artificial fibres since 1940. Processing and seepage wastewaters, which were historically discharged into the Aussa-Corno river system and therefore into the lagoon, have been significantly reduced since 1984 due to the construction of wastewater treatment facilities. The second source is the Isonzo River, which has been the largest contributor of Hg into the northern Adriatic Sea since the 16th century due to Hg mining at the Idrija mine (western Slovenia). Red cinnabar (HgS) derived from the mining area is mostly stable and insoluble under current environmental conditions. In contrast, organically bound Hg, such as Hg bound to humic acids, has the potential to be transformed into bioavailable Hg compounds (for example, methylmercury). The presence of the two Hg forms permitted each Hg source to be quantified. It also allowed the areas with the highest risk of Hg contamination from Hg-rich sediment to be identified; thus potentially avoiding the transfer of Hg from the sediment into the water column and eventually into living biota. The results show that Hg Enrichment Factors in bottom sediments exceed values of 10 and cinnabar dominates the central sector near the main tidal channel where tidal flux is more effective. Non-cinnabar compounds were found to be enriched in fine grained material and organic matter. In fact, up to 98% of total Hg at the Aussa-Corno river mouth and in the inner margin of the basin occurred in an organic form. This evidence, combined with the high contents of total Hg (4.1–6.6 μg g−1 and EF > 10) measured in surface sediments, suggest that Hg in Marano lagoon is involved in biogeochemical transformations (e.g., methylation). 相似文献
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以四川孝泉地区水稻土为研究对象,利用地质统计学方法,系统地研究了水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间分布特征和空间变异性特征,就可能的影响因素进行讨论并得出结果:1)孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Pb和As含量的空间自相关尺度分别为10.4km,3.8km和5.1km,且为中等程度相关;Cd在所研究的尺度上不表现明显的空间相关性。2)城镇生活、生产废弃物无序排放,铁路、公路运输,农业施肥、灌溉等因素对孝泉地区水稻土中Hg,Cd,Pb和As含量的空间变异性均有不同程度的影响。3)运用地质统计学方法处理多目标地球化学调查数据能有效地提取地球化学变量的空间结构信息并能在不同尺度上检验取样网度的合理性。 相似文献
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