商用扫描仪在天文底片数字化中的测试

我国的天文底片数字化工作已正式启动,选取高精度的扫描仪是该工作首要和基本的任务。对Epson公司的V750 Pro和10000XL,以及Phase One公司的PowerPhase FX+扫描仪开展了测试,结果表明,PowerPhase FX+具有较高的扫描精度,一方面,该扫描仪扫描方向的稳定性与线阵CCD方向相当,均优于0.5μm;另一方面,通过UCAC3参考星归算结果显示,尽管PowerPhase FX+的照相式扫描会带来像场畸变,但考虑3阶底片模型后,扫描星像的位置精度较高。对于上海天文台佘山40 cm折射望远镜1987年拍摄的M79底片,扫描星像的位置精度优于0.1″。     

土星卫星的天文底片数字化和位置测量

在天文底片数字化工作中,利用高端商用扫描仪可能是一条简单而有效的途径.针对1988年云南天文台1m RCC(Ritchey Chretien Coude)望远镜拍摄的6张土星卫星天文底片,探讨了利用Epson公司10000XL商用扫描仪的底片数字化技术和数据处理方法.基于底片数字化图像和UCAC2(The Second US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog)参考星表,重新测量土星卫星的位置.通过与IMCCE(Institut de Mecanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides)提供的土卫历表位置比较表明,土星卫星的定位结果在赤经和赤纬方向上的残差均值分别为0.056″和0.009″,在赤经和赤纬方向上残差的标准偏差分别为0.106″和0.089″.     

鬼星团区域中部296颗AC星的自行测定

本以复盖鬼星团区域的6张AC底片为第一期底片，1986年用佘山40厘米望远镜拍摄的7张鬼星团底片为第二期底片，作在1991年发表的鬼星团中心区域257颗星的J2000.0位置和自行星表为参考星表，算出了296颗AC星的赤经自行和赤纬自行，精度好于±0″.005／年，大多数星达±0″.001／年左右。     

佘山40cm折射望远镜的天体测量检验

本对已经使用九十年，位于上海西郊佘山的40cm折射望远镜，利用近期拍摄的三张昴星团区域底片，在PDS上量测星象坐标，再利用天体测量标准星场：Eichhorn,H.et al的昴星团区域恒星精确位置，作为底片上星象位置的比较标准，采用作常数、三镒底片归算模型求得在底片中心周围40′×40′的象场范围内定位转换精度达0″.03，对于50′×50′和1°×1°范围，分别达0.″04和0.″05－0.″06。底片常数中相应于彗差项系数达10^－5－10^－6量级，畸变项系数达10^－8量级，这些结果表明：架望远镜的光学和装上光电导星装置的机械传动系统，仍能满足高精度的天体测量工作的要求。     

我国的综合授时赤经星表

我国综合授时赤经星表(简称CTC),是利用我国五个天文台站(上海天文台,紫金山天文台,北京天文台,陕西天文台以及上海天文台的海南岛临时观测站)的五个光电中星仪和一个目视中星仪测时资料综合而成的.该星表共包括星等范围为0.~m1-6.~m6,赤纬区间为-30°- 66°的1156颗恒星。该星表以FK_4星为基础进行了恒星赤经的个别改正和系统修平,未进行春分点改正和没有建立自己自行系统,因此是一个相对星表.该星表采用了3-5年的观测数据,总观测星次达76847次,从而达到了比较高的精度,尤其是在赤纬带-5°- 56°范围内的1043颗星,其定位精度一般均优于±4ms.在本文中给出了CTC星表的编算方法及其精度.由于CTC星表已专刊发表,本文仅发表CTC星表的三个台站以上观测过恒星的赤经位置(1975.0历元),观测历元,观测次数,赤经位置的总精度σ及内部精度m,以供今后星表工作参考.     

用列阵器件测量星像位置的精度估计

当用CCD和Reticon等列阵器件观测恒星时,可利用每个象素的光度读数提供的信息,求出星像的光度重心作为星像的中心。本文应用概率与数理统计知识阐述了重心法测量星像位置时的精度估计,得出测量的精度与星像的象素的总光度读数的平方根成反比的结论。     

空间碎片光学观测中若干问题研究

<正>地基光学观测是探测空间碎片的重要手段.本文从目标搜索方案的制定、目标质心提取、目标精密定位以及目标关联4方面入手,研究提升设备探测能力、提高目标观测精度的方法.首先,为了满足对GEO(Geosynchronous Orbit,地球同步轨道)空间碎片探测的要求,克服长时间曝光CCD像元饱和溢出的问题,使用多帧连续曝光图像叠加的方法,增加图像的宽容度,同时保证系统的探测能力.实验表明,叠加10帧连续图像,有效消除了像元饱和的情况,提升目标信噪比约3.2倍,提升探测能力约2.5 mag,使用底片常数的均值计算目标位置,精度符合要求.使用星像几何形态检测     

人造卫星照相测量数据的统计特性

本文研究照相归算结果的相关性问题:天文照相位置之间的相关性;卫星方向和方向变率之间的相关性;卫星虚拟点之间的相关性。同时讨论了方向变率和方向之差的精度问题,并给出了计算方向变率的一种可能方法。结论是对于天文型照相底片,最合理获取讯息的方法是每张底片归算出一个(α,δ)位置值及其变率(■,■)。     

STEP天体测量误差源分析

系外类地行星空间探测计划(Search for Terrestrial Exo-Planets,以下简称"STEP")采用天体测量法和微像素级焦平面定标测量技术,设计望远镜焦平面检测精度达到1μas.在假定焦平面设计能达到检测精度的前提条件下,系统分析了恒星自行、视差、卫星速度和位置、光学系统的光心等关键因素对检测系外行星的影响.有别于传统的窄视场照相底片常数法,提出了一种恒星相对角距测量方法,以检测由于可能存在的系外行星而引起星对角距变化的非线性项,消除了传统窄视场天体测量中参考星位置和自行精度对检测系外行星的直接影响.针对同一天区内的8颗参考星和1颗具有行星系统的待测星,分别模拟出5 yr内的观测数据,利用最小二乘法进行处理,发现基于STEP自身1μas的观测精度,在这种情况下是可以观测到类地行星的.     

基于SLR精密轨道的天文定位精度分析

利用全球卫星激光测距服务系统(ILRS,International Laser Ranging Service)标准点资料对Ajisai卫星进行精密定轨,残差均方根(RMS)优于3 cm,得到该星的精密轨道.进而对长春站40 cm空间碎片光电望远镜获得的Ajisai卫星的天文定位资料进行精度分析,外符合精度约3″左右.单独利用天文定位数据进行轨道改进,内符合精度优于3″.改进轨道的x、y、z坐标3分量在观测数据覆盖范围内的精度在100 m之内.同样地对Jason-1卫星作数据分析,结果和Ajisai卫星精度相当.分析各个弧段的精度变化,发现定标星个数减少,会导致天文定位精度下降.据此提出可以把最少定标星比例作为评定数据质量的参考指标之一.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.