厄尔尼诺现象对广西海洋捕捞产量的影响

厄尔尼诺现象是一种对世界渔业有重要影响的气候事件,它的形成,使得海洋气候、水温、海流等因子也相应发生了不同的变化。本文对1980-2009年的Nino3.4区的海表温度(SST)和广西海洋捕捞产量的增长率进行了线性回归并经F检验分析,得出了它们在α=0.05的水平上回归效果显著的结论(F>Fα=0.05),且随着厄尔尼诺强度的增强、持续时间的增长,广西海洋捕捞产量的增长率也随之增大。因此,可将Nino3.4区的海表温度作为预测广西海洋捕捞产量的一个重要指标。     

连续Schaefer产量模型在三种模拟渔业评估中的应用

剩余产量模型具有形式简单和所需数据少的特点，使其在许多渔业资源评估中已经成为非常有吸引力的工具。本文主要分析了连续Shaefer产量模型在三种模拟渔业中的应用效果。蒙特卡罗模拟分析表明：模型对在高产量和低产量之间波动的渔业三的评估效果好于其他两种模拟渔业。这可能由于渔业三经历了过度捕捞和恢复两个阶段，所以其数据中含有更多的信息，而其他两种渔业仅仅经历了其中的一个阶段。当白色噪音小于10％时，估计的产量接近于观测产量，误差百分比小于5％；当白色噪音大于30％时，误差百分比接近40％。     

风暴潮灾害造成的渔民收入损失评估

近年来,风暴潮灾害日益频发,对我国沿海地区的渔民收入造成了巨大的损失.通过分析风暴潮造成的渔民收入损失评估指标,从渔民的直接收入和间接收入两个方面,对渔民收入损失进行了评估.     

应用一种基于产量数据评估方法对东海三个重要渔业的资源评估

Most fisheries in China do not have maximum sustainable yield(MSY) estimates due to limited and poor data.Therefore, finding a common method to estimate MSY or total allowable catch(TAC) for fishery management is necessary. MSYs of three important fisheries in the East China Sea were evaluated through a catch-based model.Estimates for intrinsic rate of increase(r) and five levels of process error were considered. Results showed hairtail Trichiurus japonicas(Temminck and Schlegel) and small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis(Bleeker) fisheries experienced overfishing from the mid-1990 s to the early 2000 s, and the suggested TACs were 55.8×10~4 t and9.06×10~4 t, respectively. Decades of overfishing in wintering and spawning grounds of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea(Richardson) caused the fishery's collapse in the 1980 s, and it has not recovered until today.The Catch–MSY model generated similar estimated MSYs with other methods and may be a useful choice for the assessment of regional stocks in China.     

基于渔业统计数据的南海区渔业资源可捕量评估

科学确定海洋渔业可捕量是开展捕捞限额管理的前提和关键。南海区渔业资源种类繁多,无明显大宗经济鱼种,且产量统计不够完善,使得可捕量的量化评估较为困难。根据渔业产量统计数据,利用一种简化的产量模型对南海区渔业资源总可捕量以及11个重要经济类群的可捕量进行了评估。结果表明,南海区渔业资源最大可持续产量为308.6万t,总可捕量为246.9万~277.8万t。从11个重要经济类群的评估结果来看,这些类群在20世纪90年代后均遭受过不同程度的过度捕捞。目前状态较好,未处于过度捕捞状态的有蓝圆鲹和竹荚鱼、沙丁鱼类、马面鲀类、鲷类、鳓类和鲐类等6个恢复力较高的类群;而其他5个恢复力较低的类群,尤其是海鳗类和石斑鱼类,目前处于过度捕捞状态。     

渔者的危机——不容乐观的海洋渔业

自古以来,渔业一直是人类食物的一个重要来源。最早的渔业只是在沿海或滨湖用简单的生产工具采捕野生的鱼虾贝藻,成为人类维持生命的最古老的生产活动之一。后随着造船工业和航海技术的发展,扩大了捕捞水域,由近     

基于渔业捕捞产量的监测渔船数量优化

海洋捕捞活动数据是渔业资源评估与管理的基础,监测渔船数量的设置需要兼顾保证数据质量和降低监测成本。本研究基于2017年浙江省海洋捕捞抽样调查数据,采用分层随机采样和计算机模拟再抽样方法,以小黄鱼(Larimi-chthys polyactis)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)等9种经济种类的单船月捕捞产量以及所有9种渔获总产量作为渔业生产监测目标,以相对估计误差(REE)、相对偏差(RB)作为评价指标,分析了渔业生产监测船数量对渔业生产监测目标估计精度的影响。研究表明：各物种的单船月捕捞产量以及总产量估计值的REE和RB随着监测渔船数量的增加而下降,当渔船数量少于110时REE值下降幅度较快,当渔船数量多于110时REE值下降幅度减缓并趋于平稳。分析每增加10艘监测渔船时REE的减少量,发现当渔船数量为70时,各研究目标产量估计值的REE减少量均小于5%,此时监测渔船总数量减少了73.28%;当渔船数量为110时,各研究目标产量估计值的REE减少量均小于1%,此时监测渔船渔船点数量减少了58.11%。研究结果表明,在兼顾调...     

基于北斗船位数据的渔业信息解译与应用研究——以中国毛虾限额捕捞管理为例

2020年6月15日—7月15日,我国首次中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)限额捕捞试点于江苏连云港实施。本研究提取62艘毛虾网船在限额捕捞期间的421700条北斗船位数据经纬度、航速、航向等信息,运用缓冲区叠加分析法、DBSCAN密度聚类算法、平均中心算法、核密度估计以及数据库查询对捕捞努力量等管控要素进行分析研究。结果显示,所有毛虾网船累计作业239个航次、1942个网次,捕捞过程分为航行、抛锚布网、等待渔获、收渔获、停航等5个状态,中国毛虾捕捞状态船位点呈直线分布,总捕捞时长为4413.73h,82.4%的单网次捕捞时长为1.5—3.5h,各网次捕捞产量呈现多核心空间分布模式,总捕捞努力量为108106343 m²·h,计算62艘的捕捞总产量值约为2328 t,比上报产量高12.6%;本文通过北斗船位数据解译和提取捕捞努力量以计算中国毛虾捕捞产量及资源空间分布情况,有效应用于中国毛虾限额捕捞,为解决我国单品种限额捕捞难点积累了宝贵经验。     

基于SSA-SVM模型的台风风暴潮灾害损失评估

受全球气候变化影响,台风风暴潮造成的损失显著增加,准确构建高效、合理的损失评估模型对海洋灾害防灾减灾工程具有重大现实意义。使用4组指标构建台风风暴潮指标体系,并通过主成分分析筛选出输入因子。采用麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机模型对台风风暴潮损失分级和直接经济损失进行评估,与其他优化算法进行比较分析,发现该模型具有更好的预测精确性。对指标体系中的4组指标分别进行评估,得出指标的有效性大小为危险性指标>气候变化指标>易损性指标>防灾减灾能力指标,表明了该实验的合理性,为防灾减灾事业提供了有效的评估方式。     

The expansion,limit and decline of the global marine fish catch

Catch of marine fish grew from after WW II–1989, at which point it stabilized. In 1996 it began to decline. It continues to decline now, at a time when earth's population is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Since the factors driving the increase are primarily the growth in income, population, technology of catching fish and ever increasing fishing effort, it is to be expected that the aggregate marine catch will continue to decline. This decline has important implications for marine ecosystems but primarily its importance relates to the human use of other global resources such as food, water and world's climate.     

Few data but many fish: marine small-scale fisheries catches for Mozambique and Tanzania

The fisheries data supplied to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) by national agencies have served as the primary tool for many global and regional studies. However, it is recognised that these data are incomplete and often underestimate actual catches, particularly for small-scale fisheries. This study reconstructed total marine fisheries catches from 1950 to 2005 for Mozambique and the United Republic of Tanzania, by applying an established catch reconstruction approach utilising all available quantitative and qualitative data, combined with assumption-based estimations and interpolations. Since the 1950s, Mozambique has reported primarily industrial catches and has substantially under-reported the country's small-scale fishing sector due to lack of resources and civil war. In Tanzania, Zanzibar's recorded fisheries statistics prior to 2000 are absent from Tanzania's marine fisheries catches reported to FAO, and total mainland catches are at least one-third larger than officially reported. Based on our reconstruction, since 2000, Mozambique caught between 150 000 and 172 000 t y^?1, while the United Republic of Tanzania caught at least 95 000 t y^?1. For the period 1950–2005, reconstructed total marine catches were 6.2 and 1.7 times greater than data supplied to FAO by Mozambique and Tanzania respectively. The reliance on incomplete and substantially under-reported national data puts authorities under serious risk of over-licensing fishing access and mismanaging marine ecosystems and national food security.     

Extent and implications of IUU catch in Mexico's marine fisheries

It is well recognized that not all fisheries catches are reported or recorded properly by either government or non-government agencies. These unreported catches can be illegal, of unregulated species, or simply not monitored due to logistical barriers. In Mexico, these barriers are an extensive and often not easily accessible coastline, mostly de facto open access fisheries, poor administrative practices and generalized corruption in the fishing sector as a whole. These conditions were likely promoted early in the last century through the government's largely successful policies to increase fisheries catches and stimulate employment and economic growth. Many years later and amid declines in fish stocks and subsequent economic benefits, most notably at local scales, it is evidently time for a fundamental change in strategy away from expansion of fishing effort and toward ecological and economic sustainability. An important step in this endeavor is to provide a quantitative pre-mortem analysis of Mexico's total marine fisheries catches during the last half-century. Results suggest that from 1950 to 2010, total catches were nearly twice as high as the official reports, with an average annual catch of 1.5 million tonnes (t) compared to 796 thousand t in official statistics. In the last year of available data, 2010, official and total estimated catches were 1.5 million and 2.2 million t, respectively. While these results may be perceived as a criticism of the status quo and ante, this study actually does not single out a responsible party, but is, rather, a call to the many sectors of society who contribute to a lack of control, to help overcome these conditions, and increase and sustain the benefits from Mexico's marine fisheries.     

Ecological footprint and vulnerability of marine capture fisheries in China

China(herein referred as China’s mainland,and excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)ranks as the world’s leading fishing nation,with approximately 11.1 million tons of domestic marine catch acquired in 2017.Marine fisheries resources in China are mainly exploited by its 11 coastal provinces and municipalities,and the development of fishing industry varies among them.However,few studies have examined the exploitation history of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities.In this paper,we systematically quantified the exploitation history of marine fishery resources in China and then measured the vulnerability of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities of China to a reduction in marine catches.Our analysis suggested that Chinese marine fisheries experienced rapid growth from the mid-1980 s to the end of the 20 th century,and this rapid increase in marine catches were mainly promoted by increased fishing effort.The total primary production required level amounted to approximately 80%of the average primary productivity in 2017,and Zhejiang,Fujian,Shandong,Hainan and Guangdong provinces were the main fishing provinces in China.By assessing three dimensions of vulnerability(exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity)to the impacts of a reduction in marine catches in the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities,we found that Hainan,Guangxi,Zhejiang and Fujian provinces had high or very high vulnerability,while the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin had low vulnerability.Identifying suitable adaptation policies and management plans based on the differences in vulnerability among coastal provinces is important in sustainable fisheries management.     

An assessment of participation,catch and effort in the KwaZulu-Natal shore-based marine linefishery,with comments on management effectiveness

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of current management of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) shore-based marine linefishery. Methods used included a stratified-random creel survey and an associated questionnaire survey. The study was undertaken between February 2009 and January 2010. Total participation ranged between 41 283 and 68 087 shore-anglers. Results show that there has been little change in participation in the KZN shore-fishery since 1994–1996. In contrast, total angler effort (779 382–843 702 angler-days y^?1) has decreased substantially over the past 13 years. Overall catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the KZN shore-linefishery amounted to 0.18 ± 0.3 fish angler^?1 h^?1 or 0.07 ± 0.13 kg angler^?1 h^?1. In all, 84 fish species, belonging to 39 families, were recorded in catches of shore-anglers during the study period. Only five species accounted for 75% of the catch recorded along the coast (Sarpa salpa 34.8%, Pomatomus saltatrix 14.7%, Diplodus capensis 14.5%, Pomadasys olivaceum 6.5% and Rhabdosargus holubi 4.9%). The total annual catch for the KZN shore-linefishery was estimated between 249.2 and 276.7 t y^?1 (or 636 589–706 995 fish y^?1). Analysis of overall CPUE, catch composition and total catch in the shore-based linefishery of KZN suggested that it is currently in a relatively stable condition and that little change has occurred over the past 13 years. However, comparisons of species-specific CPUE values from this study with recent literature suggest that some species (e.g. Argyrosomus japonicus) are severely overexploited. Over the past few decades there seems to have been a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic-level, piscivorous fish (e.g. A. japonicus) to more short-lived, low trophic-level species (e.g. S. salpa). The results therefore suggest that present exploitation levels may not be sustainable for certain slow-growing, long-lived fish species. Current management regulations appear to have limited effectiveness based on poor angler compliance and knowledge of the regulations. In this regard, it is important to consider alternate management measures that may offer more effective protection to fish and at the same time be more easily understood by all anglers in the linefishery. Recommendations for improved management and the importance of the establishment of an effective MPA network are briefly discussed.     

气候变化对东北大西洋渔获物组成、多样性和营养级的影响

东北大西洋是世界上重要的捕捞海域,气候变化对该海域捕捞产生了重要的影响。本文基于联合国粮农组织所提供的1982−2016年东北大西洋渔获产量数据,对该海域渔获物组成、多样性、平均营养级及主成分变化特征进行时间序列上的分析,并结合东北大西洋海域气候、环境因子,应用广义可加模型探究渔获物组成与气候变化之间的关系。结果显示：渔获物多样性的变化总体上呈下降趋势,2002−2010年间处于较低水平;平均营养级在2002年之前呈平缓下降的趋势,2002年之后开始波动上升,相关性分析表明这两个指标与海域环境因子的变化较为相关。对渔获物组成进行主成分分析显示,第一主成份变化的方差解释率达到35.3%,且与海域气候、环境因素有较高的相关性,第一主成分变化能够较好地表征气候影响下渔获物组成变化的情况。广义可加模型分析结果显示,渔获物组成变化的影响因素按解释率由高到低分别为：海表温度、海平面高度、盐度、海冰和北大西洋涛动指数。该研究有助于认识气候变化对海洋渔业资源及其结构组成的影响。     

Estimation of fisheries removals and primary economic impact of the small-scale and industrial marine fisheries in Colombia

Colombia has coasts on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but its marine fisheries are limited by the relatively small size of commercially important stocks. However, diverse fishery resources have traditionally been exploited by coastal communities, and industrial fisheries have grown in recent years with the intensification of tuna fishing in both oceans. The management of Colombia's fisheries has been hampered by frequent administrative changes, which has notably led to the disappearance of a part of the official landings data. We estimated total fisheries removals (reported plus discards and unreported catches) in the Colombian Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for the period 1950–2006. We used secondary sources of information to estimate missing data, and we estimated subsistence fishing and the unreported by-catches of the shrimp and tuna fisheries. We used available information on seafood prices to estimate the relative economic impact (gross revenues) of the small-scale and industrial sectors for the period 2000–2006. Our results suggest that for the period 1950–2006, the Colombian marine fisheries catches may have been almost twice the landings reported by FAO on behalf of the country (2.8 times higher in the Atlantic; 1.3 times higher in the Pacific). Although the total gross revenues of industrial fisheries were higher than those of the small-scale sector, the latter commanded higher gross revenues in the Atlantic in 2006.     

全球变化对海洋渔业的影响及对策

人类行为引发的全球性捕捞过度、水体富营养化、气候温暖化和臭氧层被破坏等都地世界渔业产生极大的影响,而捕捞过度使鱼群抵御环境变化的能力降低,并直接破坏渔业资源,从而放大全球变化对海洋渔业的影响。水体富化造成的有害赤潮及鱼虾病害频发、往往给业,尤其是增养殖渔业带来巨大经济损失,温暖化引起的海水升温和盐度改变,不仅直接影响海洋生物的生理、繁殖及时空分布,而且通过对海平面、上升流、厄尔尼诺现象,珊瑚礁、信