四川攀枝花地区的上震旦统把关河组

四川攀枝花地区的上震旦统把关河组为滨海、浅海相碎屑岩建造 ,以灰白色、灰色中厚层细至中粗粒含海绿石长石石英砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩为主夹灰色薄层至极薄层粉砂岩、页岩 ,在盐源 -丽江台缘坳陷区与下伏冰水湖泊相杂色列古六组为整合或平行不整合接触 ,而在康滇地轴上与前震旦纪基底变质岩呈角度不整合接触。在全区均与上覆观音崖组为整合接触。新建的把关河组在民政、务本及其以西地区相当于《四川省岩石地层》(1997)中的下震旦统澄江组 ,在米易县则相当于下元古界五马箐 (岩 )组的上部 ,而在盐边红格 ,则相当于 1∶ 2 0× 10 4 永仁幅中的会理群力马河组下部。主要论述新建把关河组的理由和依据     

川西攀枝花—西昌地区结晶基底的划分

长期以来，由于同位素年龄依据不足和没有正确区分晚二叠世热接触变质岩、喜马拉雅期动力变质岩与前震旦纪区域变质岩，攀西地区结晶基底的划分存在许多困难和问题。本文依据1：50000区域地质调查结果，将原仁和群(Pt1R)修改为晚二叠世岩浆岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将五马箐(岩)组(Pt1w)和顶针杂岩(Pt1D)修改为晚二叠世热接触变质岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将安宁村组(Ptlα)和纸房沟组(Pt1z)修改为震旦系地层，并依据岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征，将结晶基底划分为变质侵入体、变质表壳岩和TTG套岩，论述了结晶基底的成因和演化。     

试论福建前寒武纪地层的划分对比

笔者在近年对闽北地区前寒武纪变质岩系进行较系统研究的基础上,大量地综合分析、对比省内外有关前寒武系地层序列、含矿性,微古生物、同位素地质年龄、变质岩与愿岩共生组合及其建造特征等资科写成。文中通过9条代表性地层剖面的描述,确定了三个含义明确、分布稳定,野外容易鉴别、特征显著的区域标志层组,建立了福建前寒武纪交质岩系由前震旦系麻源群的大金山组、南山组到震旦系的吴垱组、东岩组及龙北溪组的新的地层层序,并按新划分的岩石地层单位重新厘定了地层名称,对各地层单位的岩性(区域变质岩及其原岩)组合特征、区域分布规律、厚度交化、含矿性、变质建造、原岩建造以及接触关系等,作了详略不同的论述。同时指出闽西南地区在早震旦世末和晚震旦世初可能受到区域澄江运动的影响,存在短期沉积间断。对于福建前寒武纪地层序列中,缺失华南地层区西部或西北部广泛存在的、划分震旦系与前震旦系的不整合面以及南沱冰期的冰成堆积的问题,作了初步讨论,认为这与福建当时所处的太地构造位置或古地理环境有关。     

闽西北铅锌矿成矿特征及控矿条件浅析

闽北地区属华南褶皱系的一部分,其中铅、锌为区内优势矿种,广泛分布于前震旦纪变质岩系中,尤其以前震旦纪龙北溪组的黑云斜长变粒岩、云母片岩、石英片岩中最为多见。其成矿特征可分为热液型铅锌矿床、充填交代型铅锌矿床及沉积变质热液叠加型铅锌矿床。其形成受地层、岩浆、构造（以断裂构造为主）控制较为明显,前震旦系变质岩系中的绿片岩、压扭性断裂及前震旦系变质岩系与岩体的接触带及其附近应是本区铅锌矿床找矿的主要方向。     

广东河台金矿矿物化学特征及其地质意义

<正>广东省河台金矿位于高要市境内,是广东省最大的金矿,已探明储量为一特大型金矿。河台金矿大地构造位置位于钦杭结合带南段,罗定-广宁断裂与吴川-四会断裂的交汇部位。矿区大体可分为北中南三个成矿带,北带由高村、云西、后迳和河海矿段组成,其中高村、云西矿段已提交探明储量50t,是目前河台金矿的主要开采对象。矿区地层主要有震旦系云开群C组(Zc)、奥陶系、志留系,其中震旦系云开群C组(Zc)为一套整体无序的变质岩组成,局部遭受强烈韧性剪切作用形成糜棱岩系     

南秦岭大巴山地区的地下震旦统及前震旦系

对南秦岭大巴山地区紧邻城口－房县深断裂北侧的一套碎屑岩及沉积火山碎屑岩的地层剖面特征进行了描述，探讨了地层划分及时代归属，依据岩性特征及地层接触关系，从上至下划分为震旦统木座组、代安河组及前震旦系龙潭河组。     

相山地区变质基底新认识及其原岩归属的对比研究

在相山北部首次发现十字石片岩及堇青石片岩。根据随变质作用增强而出现的新变质矿物，将相山变质岩基底划分为绢云母千枚岩带、黑云母片岩带、铁铝榴石片岩带和十字石片岩带。获得相山地区黑云母片岩－十字石片岩的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄值为７１９Ｍａ，斜长角闪片岩的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄值为７２６．６Ｍａ，表明相山基底变质岩属新元古期变质岩而不是加里东期变质岩。提出并采用微量元素地球化学比值聚类分析方法，确认相山地区变质岩原岩不属震旦系，而与华夏地块（古陆）的陈蔡群相当。     

相山地区变质基底新认识及其原归属的对比研究

在相山北部首次发现十字石片岩及堇青石片岩。根据随变质作用增强而出现的新变质矿物，将相山变质岩基底划分为绢云母千枚岩带、黑云母征 岩带、铝榴石片岩带和十字 石片岩带。提出并采用微量元素地球化学比值聚类分析方法，确认相山地区变质岩原岩不属震旦系，而与华在睡地块（古了南）的陈蔡群相当。     

内蒙古伊克昭盟地质及含油远景评价

一、地层前古生代变质岩系主要出露于桌子山区,以片麻岩和云母片岩为主,组成鄂尔多斯台向斜之基底。震旦系:桌子山区有震旦系地层广泛出露,主要为石英砂岩和石英岩。震旦系与下伏之前古生代变质岩系成明显角度不整合接触,与上复之寒武系则为假整合关系。     

赣中存在中元古代变质基底的岩石地球化学证据及其地质意义

对江西乐安相山地区产出在石榴黑云母片岩内、原岩为拉班玄武质火山岩的斜长角闪岩进行了Sm-Nd同位素组成测定,获得Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±49 Ma,结合弋阳梅树湾斜长角闪岩及余江马荃斜长角闪岩的同位素定年结果(1159±69 Ma,Sm-Nd; 1190±19Ma, U-Pb) 确认赣中变质岩带原岩属中元古代地层。采用微量元素地球化学比值模糊聚类分析方法对浙西陈蔡群、震旦系及赣中变质岩和震旦系地层进行对比,结合斜长角闪岩Pb-Nd同位素地球化学特征研究,确认赣中变质岩系与陈蔡群相当,从而为赣中变质岩归属于华夏地块变质基底提供了重要佐证。根据崇仁-临川-东乡晚白垩纪断陷红盆两侧深部地球物理重力场、磁场及地层和岩浆岩分布特征的对比,推断遂川深断裂为华夏地块在江西省境内的西北段边界。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.