南海北部烟囱状碳酸盐岩记录的冷泉流体活动演化特征研究

冷泉碳酸盐岩是冷泉渗漏活动的重要产物之一,它记录了冷泉流体的来源、其活动演化特征和沉积环境等。通过对南海北部东沙海域Site3站位采集的三个烟囱状冷泉碳酸盐岩的矿物成分、碳氧同位素及碳酸盐岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的研究,确定了冷泉渗漏可能的流体来源,结合烟囱状碳酸盐岩独特的形貌特征,探讨了研究区冷泉流体的活动演化特征。烟囱A为环状,外环直径16 cm,中央流体通道直径5 cm;烟囱B呈底部直径8 cm的实心锥形;烟囱C也为环状,外环直径20 cm,中央流体通道直径12 cm。三个烟囱都具有较负的碳同位素组成(δ~(13)CVPDB值低至–55.7‰)和较正的氧同位素组成(δ~(18)OVPDB值高达5.4‰)特征。研究认为,甲烷是该海域冷泉渗漏流体的主要烃类来源,其中沉淀烟囱C的冷泉流体中很可能存在水合物分解释放流体的加入。三个烟囱状碳酸盐岩的外层相比于内层,普遍具有δ~(13)C值高、δ~(18)O值低、δ~(34)S值高的特征,认为这是由于烟囱状碳酸盐岩从外至内形成过程中沉积空间逐渐受到限制导致流体渗漏强度增强而造成的。综上所述,烟囱状冷泉碳酸盐岩因其独特的形态结构,是冷泉流体渗漏特征在时间和空间上变化的优良记录者。     

南海台西南区碳酸盐岩矿物学和稳定同位素组成特征——天然气水合物存在的主要证据之一

南海台西南区是中国南海中天然气水合物赋存的最有利场所。研究表明,该区的碳酸盐岩主要以结壳、烟囱的形式出现,结壳的裂隙或孔洞中常常充填有淡黄-白色的文石晶体。碳酸盐岩中自生碳酸盐矿物主要为文石、高镁方解石,少量白云石、铁白云石和菱铁矿。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,文石主要呈针状、长柱状、放射束状,高镁方解石呈颗粒状。碳酸盐岩的碳同位素δ13C值主要在-56·878‰~-32·829‰PDB之间,大多数小于-40‰PDB,显示了生物甲烷成因碳源的特征;氧同位素δ18O值在2·1875‰~5·045‰PDB之间,主要在4‰PDB以上,这种较重的氧同位素比值表明,天然气水合物分解产生的富18O水体可能是碳酸盐岩沉淀的流体源。矿物学和碳氧稳定同位素研究表明,南海台西南区的碳酸盐岩为细菌性甲烷成因碳酸盐岩,可能与天然气水合物有关,显示了该区水合物存在的可能性很大。     

南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱--海底富烃流体活动的记录

大陆边缘海的流体喷流活动或水合物分解都会导致自生碳酸盐岩的形成。南海北部神狐海区出现的自生碳酸盐岩主要为烟囱状,以铁白云石、文石、方解石碳酸盐矿物为主;稳定同位素研究显示,烟囱的δ^13CPDB值在-40．18‰～-38．69‰、δ^18OPDB值在3．75‰～4．31‰之间变化,显示了导源于甲烷厌氧氧化作用的特征,是海底富含甲烷的流体活动的最终产物。持续或间断的流体喷流活动,使神狐海区碳酸盐岩烟囱发生单阶段或多阶段沉淀。     

意大利亚平宁地区第三纪中新世“Calcaria Lucina”冷泉碳酸盐岩中结晶扇的沉积岩石学及地球化学特征

结晶扇是冷泉碳酸盐岩的一种标志性沉积构造,主要由文石或重晶石等矿物呈放射状聚集形成。意大利亚平宁地区的第三纪中新统广泛发育冷泉碳酸盐岩,其中"Calcari a Lucina"冷泉碳酸盐岩中发育有典型的结晶扇。结晶扇主要由放射状文石聚集形成,含少量的方解石,具有明显的生长纹层。文石纹层的δ13CPDB为-37.9‰~-53.5‰,δ18OPDB为+2.4‰~+6.0‰,相邻文石纹层之间的δ13CPDB和δ18OPDB值差别明显,可能是与碳和氧的来源及流体渗漏速度有关。全岩稀土元素总量很低,w(REE)为0.23×10-6,页岩标准化模式具有明显的Ce负异常,显示结晶扇形成于氧化环境。     

珠江口盆地东部陆坡末次冰期天然气水合物-冷泉活动的记录与时间

对珠江口盆地东部陆坡GMGS 08C孔的3层自生碳酸盐岩(结核状)和有孔虫(底栖和浮游)开展高分辨率氧碳同位素分析和AMS~(14) C测年,第1层自生碳酸盐岩δ~(13) C为-38.85‰,第2、3层的δ~(13) C介于-41.36‰~-56.74‰,平均值-51.64‰,均低于-40‰。δ~(18) O值介于2.94‰~4.18‰,平均值3.68‰,明显偏重。这表明其为天然气水合物分解的产物,形成于微生物对甲烷的缺氧氧化作用,甲烷主要源自生物成因;自生碳酸盐岩层位的底栖有孔虫Uvigerina peregrina和浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber的δ~(13) C值几乎同时出现极负偏,最低值分别达到-12.17‰和-9.06‰,有孔虫δ~(18) O总体上正偏,最大正偏幅度达1.50‰,说明其负偏与后期源于甲烷厌氧氧化作用(Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane,简称AOM)的成岩作用有关。自生碳酸盐岩及其与有孔虫异常碳(偏负)氧(偏正)、粥状沉积是GMGS 08C孔水合物分解甲烷渗漏的重要指标,据此推断该孔在末次冰期(MIS2—MIS3)发生过至少2次天然气水合物分解释放-冷泉甲烷渗漏活动,分别距今36ka和31~26ka,主要发生在低海平面期,说明冷泉活动明显受海平面变化影响。     

挪威海Nyegga麻坑区的甲烷成因自生碳酸盐岩

Nyegga麻坑区位于中挪威海大陆坡边缘Storegga海底滑坡的北缘,本研究的甲烷成因自生碳酸盐岩采自该麻坑区的CN03、Tobic、DoDo和G11四个麻坑内的海底面之上。碳酸盐岩孔洞和裂隙非常发育,部分碳酸盐岩胶结有大量的化学自养贝壳,表面被红褐色-黑色的铁锰氢氧化物覆盖。碳酸盐矿物以泥晶高镁方解石和针状文石为主导,伴有极少量的白云石。草莓状黄铁矿和球粒分布广泛,揭示了碳酸盐岩形成时的还原环境及形成过程中微生物的参与。碳酸盐岩的δ13CPDB值为–58.67‰~–47.46‰,清楚地表明这些甲烷成因自生碳酸盐岩经甲烷厌氧氧化过程而形成,且微生物成因的甲烷为其主导碳源。碳酸盐岩的δ13C值还有效地指示了麻坑间沉积物甲烷的δ13C值的差异。     

天然气水合物沉积环境的自生矿物特点及其在南海的发育情况

天然气水合物沉积环境出现的岩石矿物主要为碳酸盐岩、黄铁矿、石膏等。自生碳酸盐岩的典型特点为极负的δ13CPDB值（最低可达-70．0‰）、正的δ18OPD。值（＋2．5‰-＋6．5‰），碳酸盐矿物主要为镁方解石、文石、白云石和菱铁矿。黄铁矿以霉球状、条状为主。石膏则主要为自形晶体，透明。此类自生岩石矿物与甲烷厌氧氧化过程或水合物的形成效应有关。南海沉积物中出现的自生碳酸盐岩、黄铁矿和石膏，其特点与水合物沉积环境中的十分类似，预示了南海可能存在有利于水合物成藏的地球化学过程。     

西藏岗巴地区晚白垩世冷泉碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其对流体来源及沉积环境的示踪

冷泉碳酸盐岩是海底冷泉流体活动的重要标志,其地球化学特征记录了过去流体活动的信息。西藏岗巴地区晚白垩世沉积地层中发育有冷泉碳酸盐岩,为了探究其形成的流体来源及沉积环境,开展了野外观察、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学研究。该区岗巴剖面冷泉碳酸盐岩以结核状产于灰黑色页岩中,碳酸盐矿物主要为泥微晶方解石,含少量草莓状黄铁矿,δ13CV-PDB为-17.0‰~-7.2‰,表明碳源可能与甲烷渗漏冷泉活动有关。稀土元素分布模式呈中稀土富集特征,经La校正后显示无Ce异常,指示了冷泉碳酸盐岩形成于弱缺氧的沉积环境中。西藏岗巴地区碳酸盐岩结核的发现及其地质地球化学特征是该地区晚白垩世冷泉甲烷渗漏活动发育的有力证据,对古冷泉流体来源及沉积环境特征的探讨将为恢复古冷泉活动提供重要线索。     

南海东沙西南海域冷泉碳酸盐岩特征及其意义

海底冷泉流体或自生碳酸盐沉积可为碳氢化合物(主要指常规油气或天然气水合物)、冷泉生物群落的调查和研究提供有利线索。对东沙群岛海区、神狐海区和ODP184-1146钻孔碳酸盐沉积的特征进行了对比和研究,结果表明这些海区碳酸盐岩的岩性特征、碳氧同位素组成等存在明显差异。东沙群岛海区和神狐海区的碳酸盐岩的化学成分如TFe、A l2O3、TiO2、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5等不同,表明它们可能分别受到了粘土矿物和铁锰氧化物影响。在神狐海区至少发生了一次冷泉流体活动,形成了早晚两期冷泉碳酸盐岩,而在东沙群岛海区发生了至少3次冷泉流体活动,形成了多期冷泉碳酸盐岩,反映了这两个海区碳酸盐沉积的甲烷成因不同,且形成环境也受不同的因素控制。研究揭示,在东沙群岛南部海区可能发育热成因甲烷汇聚的天然气水合物,其海底可能存在冷泉生物群落,这为东沙西南海域天然气水合物和冷泉生物群落的进一步寻找和研究提供了新思路。     

贵州紫云泥盆系重晶石矿床中与古甲烷渗漏事件有关的球状灰岩成因厘定

关于古代冷泉碳酸盐岩的报道主要集中于新元古代"盖帽"碳酸盐岩和晚古生代以来(特别是石炭纪以来)的沉积地层中,与沉积矿床伴生的冷泉碳酸盐岩的研究鲜有报道。本文通过对贵州紫云泥盆系大型重晶石矿床中新发现的球状、椭球状灰岩进行详细地野外观察,并结合矿物学、元素地球化学和C—O同位素研究,探讨并揭示了灰岩的成因和形成环境,以及与古甲烷渗漏事件之间的关系。结果表明:灰岩呈球状、椭球状、管状顺层产于重晶石之中及其下部地层。灰岩中发育大量类似现代海底冷泉沉积碳酸盐岩的凝块和草莓状黄铁矿;草莓状黄铁矿内部结构呈葵花状,组成葵花状的单颗黄铁矿大小基本一致,轮廓清晰。灰岩较低的δ~(13)C?(V-PDB)值(-10.3‰)表明其碳源主要为热解成因甲烷气或混合气。灰岩Ce/Ce*值除反映古沉积环境为还原状态外,也指示间歇性氧化状态的存在,这可能与甲烷气体的渗漏速率有关。     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, Sulfur Isotopes of Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese,Tibet

The Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo deposit is located in the southern subzone of the Cenozoic Gangdese Cu‐Mo metallogenic belt. The intrusive rocks exposed in the Nuri ore district consist of quartz diorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyrite and granodiorite porphyry, all of which intrude in the Cretaceous strata of the Bima Group. Owing to the intense metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration, carbonate rocks of the Bima Group form stratiform skarn and hornfels. The mineralization at the Nuri deposit is dominated by skarn, quartz vein and porphyry type. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, bornite and tetrahedrite, etc. The oxidized orebodies contain malachite and covellite on the surface. The mineralization of the Nuri deposit is divided into skarn stage, retrograde stage, oxide stage, quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage and quartz‐carbonate stage. Detailed petrographic observation on the fluid inclusions in garnet, scheelite and quartz from the different stages shows that there are four types of primary fluid inclusions: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂‐rich inclusions and single‐phase inclusions. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are 280°C–386°C (skarn stage), 200°C–340°C (oxide stage), 140°C–375°C (quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage) and 160°C–280°C (quartz‐carbonate stage), showing a temperature decreasing trend from the skarn stage to the quartz‐carbonate stage. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 2.9%–49.7 wt% (NaCl) equiv., 2.1%–7.2 wt% (NaCl) equiv._, 2.6%–55.8 wt% (NaCl) equiv. and 1.2%–15.3 wt% (NaCl) equiv., respectively. The analyses of CO₂‐rich inclusions suggest that the ore‐forming pressures are 22.1 M Pa–50.4 M Pa, corresponding to the depth of 0.9 km–2.2 km. The Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions shows the fluid compositions are dominated in H₂O, with some CO₂ and very little CH₄, N₂, etc. δD values of garnet are between ?114.4‰ and ?108.7‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between 5.9‰ and 6.7‰; δD of scheelite range from ?103.2‰ to ?101.29‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O values between 2.17‰ and 4.09‰; δD of quartz between ?110.2‰ and ?92.5‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between ?3.5‰ and 4.3‰. The results indicate that the fluid came from a deep magmatic hydrothermal system, and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the migration of original fluid. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides, concentrated in a rage between ?0.32‰ to 2.5‰, show that the sulfur has a homogeneous source with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The characters of fluid inclusions, combined with hydrogen‐oxygen and sulfur isotopes data, show that the ore‐forming fluids of the Nuri deposit formed by a relatively high temperature, high salinity fluid originated from magma, which mixed with low temperature, low salinity meteoric water during the evolution. The fluid flow through wall carbonate rocks resulted in the formation of layered skarn and generated CO₂ or other gases. During the reaction, the ore‐forming fluid boiled and produced fractures when the pressure exceeded the overburden pressure. Themeteoric water mixed with the ore‐forming fluid along the fractures. The boiling changed the pressure and temperature, oxygen fugacity, physical and chemical conditions of the whole mineralization system. The escape of CO₂ from the fluid by boiling resulted in scheelite precipitation. The fluid mixing and boiling reduced the solubility of metal sulfides and led the precipitation of chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite and other sulfide.     

Formation of carbonate concretions in surface sediments of two mud mounds,offshore Costa Rica: a stable isotope study

The surface sediments of two mud mounds (“Mound 11” and “Mound 12”) offshore southwest Costa Rica contain abundant authigenic carbonate concretions dominated by high-Mg calcite (14–20 mol-% MgCO₃). Pore fluid geochemical profiles (sulfate, sulfide, methane, alkalinity, Ca and Mg) indicate recent carbonate precipitation within the zone of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at variable depths. The current location of the authigenic carbonate concretions is, however, not related to the present location of the AOM zone, suggesting mineral precipitation under past geochemical conditions as well as changes in the flow rates of upward migrating fluids. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope analysis of authigenic carbonate concretions yielded δ¹⁸O_carbonate values ranging between 34.0 and 37.7 ‰ Vienna standard mean ocean water (VSMOW) and δ¹³C_carbonate values from ?52.2 to ?14.2 ‰ Vienna Pee Dee belemnite (VPDB). Assuming that no temperature changes occurred during mineral formation, the authigenic carbonate concretions have been formed at in situ temperature of 4–5 °C. The δ¹⁸O_carbonate values suggest mineral formation from seawater-derived pore fluid (δ¹⁸O_porefluid = 0 ‰ VSMOW) for Mound 12 carbonate concretions but also the presence of an emanating diagenetic fluid (δ¹⁸O_porefluid ≈5 ‰) in Mound 11. A positive correlation between δ¹³C_carbonate and δ¹⁸O_carbonate is observed, indicating the admixing of two different sources of dissolved carbon and oxygen in the sediments of the two mounds. The carbon of these sources are (1) marine bicarbonate (δ¹³C_porefluid ≈0 ‰) and (2) bicarbonate which formed during the AOM (δ¹³C_porefluid ≈?70 ‰). Furthermore, the δ¹⁸O_porefluid composition, with values up to +4.7 ‰ Vienna standard mean ocean water (VSMOW), is interpreted to be affected by the presence of emanating, freshened and boron-enriched fluids. Earlier, it has been shown that the origin of ¹⁸O-enriched fluids are deep diagenetic processes as it was indicated by the presence of methane with thermogenic signature (δ¹³C_CH4 = ?38 ‰). A combination of present geochemical data with geophysical observations indicates that Mounds 11 and 12 represent a single fluid system interconnected by deep-seated fault(s).     

鄂尔多斯盆地流体动力学过程及其砂岩型铀矿化

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国重要能源基地,近年来砂岩型铀矿勘查进展明显。盆地形成演化中的流体动力学及其铀矿化是能源矿产勘查的基础依据,因而备受关注。运用Basin2TM软件数值模拟了鄂尔多斯盆地构造-沉积过程中流体的温度场、压力场、流动方向、流动速率和地热梯度等。伴随盆地的形成和演化,沉积体内流体温度和压力不断增高,流动逐步定向,速率逐渐增大,早白垩世盆地流体的温度达250℃,压力至(700~800)×101.33kPa,地热梯度38.3℃/km,并从盆地中西部沉降中心沿东部斜坡向盆地东部边缘大规模长距离渗出流动,它是砂岩型铀矿化主体在盆地边部形成的重要机制。盆地流体在砂岩中发生铀矿化时,伴随大量方解石蚀变矿物的形成,其δ13CV-PDB变化于-2.7‰~-14.0‰,δ18OV-SMOW介于18.4‰~20.0‰,反映铀矿化盆地流体中CO32-类或CO2主要是沉积有机质脱羟基产物,少部分为海相碳酸盐岩溶解产物,盆地流体中碳酸铀酰是铀元素的主要存在形式。铀矿化低温蚀变成因高岭石的δ18OV-SMOW介于12.6‰~13.7‰,流体包裹体的δDV-SMOW变化于-116‰~-133‰,H、O同位素组成指示盆地流体是经中生界沉积演化的大气降水,具有沉积建造水的性质。环盆地边部是砂岩型铀矿的重要找矿方向。     

Carbon, oxygen, strontium, and sulfur isotopic compositions in late Precambrian rocks of the Patom Complex, central Siberia: Communication 2. Nature of carbonates with ultralow and ultrahigh δ13C values

The Patom Complex is characterized by a unique association of carbonate rocks with ultralow (≤8‰) and ultrahigh (>6‰) δ¹³C values. The thickness, stable isotopic composition along the strike, and lithological and geochemical parameters suggest that these rocks could not form as a result of short-term local events or epigenetic processes. Ultralow δ¹³C values (less than ?8‰) in carbonate rocks of the Zhuya Group, which substantially exceed all the known negative C isotope anomalies in thickness (up to 1000 m) and amplitude (δ¹³C = ?10 ± 2‰), point to sedimentation under conditions of extreme “contamination” of water column by oxidized isotopically light organic (hereafter, light) carbon. The decisive role in this contamination belonged to melting and oxidation of huge volumes of methane hydrates accumulated in sediments during the powerful and prolonged Early Vendian glacial epoch. The accumulation of δ¹³C-depleted carbonates was preceded by the deposition of carbonates with anomalously high δ¹³C values. These carbonates formed at high rates of the burial of organic matter and methane in sediments during periods when the sedimentation basin consumed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and organic carbon was conserved in sediments.     

莺歌海盆地乐东区碳酸盐胶结物成因及地质意义

为探讨乐东区碳酸盐胶结物的分布规律、成因机制及其对储层质量的影响,应用铸体薄片、碳氧同位素、包裹体对碳酸盐胶结物岩石学、地球化学等特征进行综合分析.研究结果表明,从斜坡带往凹陷中心,碳酸盐含量由18.0%降至5.0%;其δ13C值分布在-4.78‰~+1.03‰,δ18O值分布在-10.99‰~-6.34‰,Z值分布在111.27~123.59,古海水温度分布在11.36~32.02℃,古盐度分布在3.24%~6.91%;碳酸盐胶结物的形成主要与碳酸盐岩或高钙质砂岩母岩的溶解再沉淀有关,其受控于水介质温度、成岩温度与盐度,由斜坡带往凹陷中心,水介质温度降低、盐度增高,胶结变弱.低含量的早期（铁）方解石与高温热流体溶解高含量早期（铁）方解产生的低或高含量的晚期（铁）白云石区均可发育中渗“甜点”储层.      

若尔盖铀矿田碳氧同位素特征及其成因

研究了若尔盖铀矿田中灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的碳氧同位素组成,结果表明产于地层中的灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的δ13C值为-1.48‰～3.18‰,平均为1.51‰,为海洋沉积碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成特征;δ18O值为-12.81‰～-3.71‰,平均为-9.92‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最高.与成矿作用关系最为密切的含矿方解石脉δ13C值为-2.78‰～-4.81‰,平均为-3.93‰,明显表现为地幔来源的特点;δ18O值为-13.14‰～-15.05‰,平均为-13.87‰,其值在铀矿田中介于地层中岩石(脉)与矿区方解石脉之间.矿区方解石脉的δ13C值为-3.53‰～-6.35‰,平均为-4.93‰,与含矿方解石脉的碳同位素组成相近,表明其亦是成矿作用的产物;δ18O值为-16.00‰～-24.75‰,平均为-19.36‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最低,明显表现为深部来源特征.综合若尔盖铀矿田的碳氧同位素组成特征,暗示其成矿流体应当来源于地幔.     

豫西南栾川地区铅锌矿床碳、氧同位素地球化学

豫西南地区铅锌矿产勘查工作近年来进展迅速,尤其在栾川地区先后发现十余处铅锌银多金属矿脉群、上百条含矿断裂带,铅、锌、银资源前景广阔。对该区铅锌矿的科学研究丰富了华北陆块南缘区域成矿学认识,并促进了进一步找矿勘查工作。栾川地区铅锌矿产在燕山期斑岩体周围矽卡岩中和外围的断裂带(脉状)中。脉状铅锌矿脉石矿物碳酸盐C、O同位素的组成(赤土店矿床1δ3C为-3.66‰~-2.82‰,1δ8O为10.31‰~15.86‰;百炉沟矿床1δ3C为-3.00‰~1.80‰,1δ8O为9.40‰~17.70‰;冷水北沟矿床1δ3C为-4.90‰~-0.40‰,1δ8O为6.00‰~12.50‰)介于典型海相石灰岩(1δ3C为0±2‰,1δ8O为28‰~30‰)和岩浆岩(1δ3C为-3‰~-30‰,1δ8O为6‰~12‰;地幔1δ3C为-7‰~-5‰)之间,指示成矿流体、成矿物质的岩浆和地层双重作用、两种来源特点。综合分析认为,栾川地区铅锌矿有矽卡岩型和岩浆热液充填-交代型两种。     

长岭断陷火山岩储层内碳酸盐矿物碳氧同位素组成及其成因

碳酸盐矿物是火山岩储层内重要的矿物成分,长岭断陷火山岩储层内的自生碳酸盐矿物主要是方解石.本文通过对营城组储层内方解石矿物的碳氧同位素特征分析,探讨储层内碳酸盐矿物成因.研究表明,长岭断陷火山岩储层内方解石δ13 CV-PDB值范围为-12.7‰～0.4‰,δ18OV-SMOw值范围为3.8‰～12‰,具有高δ18O值.与方解石平衡的CO2碳同位素计算值范围较宽,为-16.0‰～2.2‰,表明其形成物质的多源性.在δ18 O-δ13C图解中显示,形成碳酸盐矿物的CO2来源于幔源-岩浆无机成因的CO2和有机质演化过程中产生的CO2,以无机成因CO2源为主.这些无机成因CO2、有机成因CO2和沉积有机质热演化产生的有机酸溶于流体,形成酸性流体.火山岩储层中碳酸盐矿物的形成实质就是这种酸性流体与储层围岩反应的结果.     

南海沉积物中烃类气体(酸解烃)特征及其成因与来源

烃类气体是形成天然气和天然气水合物的物质基础,可通过顶空气、吸附烃和酸解烃等方法来探测。南海473个站位767件沉积物样品的酸解烃分析结果表明,甲烷含量为0.8~22153.6μl/kg,平均为335.8μl/kg,并可分成台西南—东沙、笔架南、琼东南—西沙海槽、中建南—中业北、万安—南薇西和南沙海槽等6大异常区,其中南沙海槽是异常最强烈的地区,台西南盆地次之。154件甲烷样品的碳同位素分析结果表明,其δ13C1值为-101.7‰~-24.4‰(PDB标准,下同),平均为-44.5‰,其中南沙海槽的δ13C1值明显偏低,为-101.7‰~-71.4‰,应是微生物气或是以微生物气为主的混合气,而南海其他地区的δ13C1值相对较高,为-51.0‰~-24.4‰,明显属于热解气。