青海北祁连山基性、超基性岩含金性研究

依据区内岩体及围岩662个微金样品分析结果,笔者对基性、超基性岩的含金性及其中金的赋存规律进行了详细研究。确认该区基性、超基性岩体的金背景含量普遍偏高,而且明显高于围岩。同时指出,三条蛇绿岩带金元素丰度呈现自北而南、自东而西递增的趋势。经对金富集地质条件的分析,认为区内金的活化迁移主要受控于与超基性岩带分布近于一致的两条韧性剪切带,并指出断裂破碎带、强蚀变超基性岩体与围岩接触带、热液蚀变带、金属硫化物产出部位及砂金(铂)异常与Au、As、Sb、Cu异常重叠部位是找金的有利地段。在上述地段发现了川剌沟、撒拉河金矿点两处和含金超基性岩体20处。提出四个预测区和七个找金部位。依据硫同位素、矿物包裹体等资料及金矿(化)体的赋存部位,首次提出该区金矿总体可称为蛇绿岩型金矿。成因类型主要属中温变质热液型。     

青海北祁连山基性、超基性岩含金性研究

依据区内岩体及围岩662个微金样品分析结果,笔者对基性、超基性岩的含金性及其中金的赋存规律进行了详细研究。确认该区基性、超基性岩体的金背景含量普遍偏高,而且明显高于围岩。同时指出,三条蛇绿岩带金元素丰度呈现自北而南、自东而西递增的趋势。经对金富集地质条件的分析,认为区内金的活化迁移主要受控于与超基性岩带分布近于一致的两条韧性剪切带,并指出断裂破碎带、强蚀变超基性岩体与围岩接触带、热液蚀变带、金属硫化物产出部位及砂金(铂)异常与Au、As、Sb、Cu异常重叠部位是找金的有利地段。在上述地段发现了川刺沟、撒拉河金矿点两处和含金超基性岩体20处。提出四个预测区和七个找金部位。依据硫同位素、矿物包裹体等资料及金矿(化)体的赋存部位,首次提出该区金矿总体可称为蛇绿岩型金矿。成因类型主要属中温变质热液型。     

陕西煎茶岭金矿床地质特征及其成因意义

煎茶岭金矿床产于超基性岩体与白云岩接触带的断裂构造中 ,含矿蚀变类型、矿石矿物组份以及微量元素均与超基性岩密切相关。含金矿化蚀变带的定位、矿体空间变化以及贫、富矿段的部位同时又受到多阶段活动剪切断裂控制。成矿物源主要来源于超基性岩中 ,是一处较典型的与超基性岩有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。     

The chemistry of appinitic rocks associated with the Ardara pluton,Donegal, Ireland

Seventeen chemical analyses are given of rocks from appinitic intrusions associated with the Ardara granitic pluton in Donegal, northwest Ireland. The analyses show a series of basic and ultrabasic compositions, the high Al₂O₃, low MgO members of which are closely comparable to basalts, apart from their high water contents. The Ardara appinites are compared with other Caledonian appinitic rocks, and with basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks of other associations, from which the appinitic rocks are shown to be chemically quite distinct. The formation of the appinites is ascribed to crystal accumulation in a basaltic magma enriched in water. The granites associated with appinitic rocks also have distinctive compositions, indicative of formation under a high water pressure.     

河北省赤城县小张家口超基性岩体主要特征和时代

小张家口超基性岩体是华北板块北缘超基性岩带的一个典型岩体，岩相分带明显，由透辉岩、闪辉岩、二辉岩和纯橄岩组成，主要矿物组成包括透辉石、贵橄榄石、角闪石等。化学成分上富ＦｅＯ、ＣａＯ而贫ＭｇＯ，ｍ／ｆ平均２．２１，属铁质或富铁质超基性岩。稀土分布形式为轻稀土富集型，具不显著的负铕异常，微量元素以富含不相容元素Ｒｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｖ等而贫Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ等相容元素为特征。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄１８３７Ｍａ，Ｎｄ（ｔ）为十１０．７２。该岩体由亏损型地幔部分熔融所产生的岩浆经结晶分异作用而形成。     

Metallogeny of the Lannigou Sedimentary Rock-hosted Disseminated Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou Province, China

The Lannigou deposit is a large-sized sedimentary rock-hosted disseminated gold （SRHDG） deposit located in the Youjiang Basin. It is hosted by the Middle Triassic turbidite. Wall rock alterations, including silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, carbonatization and argillization, commonly occur along fractures. PGE study demonstrates that either Permian basalts or Triassic ultrabasic intrnsives are unlikely to be the main source of gold mineralization. Coupled with the lack of other nmgmatic activity in the vicinity of the mining area, an amagmatic origin is proposed. Organic matter compositions and GC-MS analysis of the ores and host rocks show that the organics in the ores and the host rocks have a common source; the organic matter in the ores was mainly indigenous. The positive correlation between S2 and Au contents, along with the common occurrence of organic inclusions, suggest involvement of organic matter in the ore-forming process in terms of promoting Au leaching from the source rocks, making colloidal Au migration possible, as well as hydrocarbon reduction of sulphate. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Lannigou deposit suggest that it was formed through circulation of meteoric water and probably less importantly organic bearing formation water driven by high geothermal gradient caused by late Yanshanian extension, which leached Au from the source bed, and then migrated as Au-bisnlfides and colloidal Au, culminating in deposition by reduction-adsorption and surface complexation of gold onto the growth surface of arsenlan pyrite.     

河北金家庄超基性岩型金矿床的地球化学特征

对金家庄金矿的金属矿物化学成分、流体包裹体成分和同位素组成进行了分析。研究表明 ,金家庄金矿在矿石矿物成分上以黄铜矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等主要金属矿物中普遍含有Pt、Pd、Ni等深源元素并出现针镍矿为特征 ,在成矿物质来源上 ,碳、硫和主要成矿元素主要来源于超基性岩体 ,成矿热液则可能主要来源于地下热水溶液。     

滇西吉义独蛇绿混杂岩的岩石地球化学特征、成因和构造环境探讨

滇西吉义独蛇绿混杂岩位于金沙江缝合带的南端,岩石组合出露较齐全,包括堆晶橄榄岩、堆晶辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩以及玄武岩等,它们呈构造岩片的形式产出并与外来岩块组成蛇绿混杂岩.堆晶橄榄岩和辉石岩具低Al_2O_3,低TiO_2,而高Mg~#值(Mg~#=0.88～0.92),富集Cr和Ni,稀土总量偏低(∑REE=14.82×10~(-6)～27.75×10~(-6)),倒"U"型的稀土元素分布特征.堆晶辉长岩和玄武岩的Mg~#值较低,分别为0.70～0.79和0.51～0.66,具拉斑系列的演化趋势.玄武岩可以细分为2组:第一组玄武岩以平坦型稀土配分模式,低Mg~#(Mg~#=0.44～0.46),低稀土总量(∑REE=52.29×10~(-6)～60.26×10~(-6))为特征;第二组玄武岩则为LREE弱富集型的稀土配分模式,其Mg~#较高(Mg~#=0.54～0.68),稀土总量也较高(∑REE=62.13×10~(-6)～101.87×10~(-6)).在原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分图解中,两组玄武岩均相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,与岛弧岩浆岩类似,明显不同于N-MORB.岩石的Sr-Nd同位素组成较为均一和稳定,堆晶橄榄岩和辉石岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7051～0.7056,5_(Nd)(t)=2.8～4.1,玄武岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7050～0.7056,ε_(Nd)(t)=5.1～5.8,且显示出原始地幔的同位素组成特征,暗示这些岩石为同源岩浆分异演化而成的岩浆产物.岩浆演化的主要方式为分离结晶作用,受地壳混染不明显.岩浆结晶形成岩石的顺序为:堆晶橄榄岩→堆晶辉石岩→堆晶辉长岩→玄武岩2组→玄武岩1组.岩石地球化学特征表明,吉义独蛇绿岩的形成与俯冲作用有关,且形成于金沙江洋内俯冲的消减环境.     

云南墨江猫鼻梁子金矿床金元素的物质来源探讨

云南墨江金矿是一个大型金矿床,猫鼻梁子是其主要赋矿地段。金矿体分布于超基性岩体的围岩中。矿区各类岩浆岩中,超基性岩的含金量最高。文章应用XRD分析、扫描电镜、回归分析、线性相关分析等方法,发现了Au与Pt、Pb共生,并呈正消长关系;Au、Ag、Se的赋存关系十分密切,认为金的主要物质来源是超基性岩体。     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Jinjiazhuang Ultrabasic Rock—Type Gold Deposit in Chicheng County,Hebei Province

The Jinjiazhuang gold deposit occurs in the Zhangjiakou gold field,Northwest Hebei.The ore bodies are mostly hosted in Xiaozhangjiakou ultrabasic rocks dominated by diopsidite.Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the deposit is characterized by the enrichment of some platinum group elements in principal metallic minerals such as chalcopyrite,galena,sphalerite and pyrite,and the presence of millerite,Stable isotope studies show that carbon,sulfur and most of the metallogenic elements were probably derived largely from the host Xiaozhangjiakou ultrabasic rocks and that it is possible that the ore-forming fluid was predominted by meteoric water.     

北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的岩石地球化学特征和地球动力学意义

本文通过对北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩及其上覆岩系的详细的野外、岩石学和地球化学的研究表明：该区火山岩由多个火山角砾岩—块状玄武岩—凝灰岩的旋回所组成;蛇绿岩之上整合覆盖着一套火山岩—沉积岩组合（蛇绿岩的上覆岩系）。蛇绿岩中玄武岩为典型的N-MORB,其上覆岩系中玄武岩为E-MORB。剖面从下到上,玄武岩中LREE,HFSE含量递增。火山岩的地球化学和沉积岩的岩相学反映了洋壳从扩张中脊向大陆方向迁移的动力学过程,蛇绿岩从形成到侵位的时间间隔较短。     

Geochemistry and geodynamic significance of the dike series of the Aluchin ophiolite complex,Verkhoyansk-Chukotka fold zone,Northeast Russia

The Aluchin ophiolites represent a tectonomagmatic complex, the upper crustal part of which is made up of two dike series. One series includes diabases and gabbrodiabases, which are exposed in the Late Triassic Atamanov Massif (226 Ma) and subdivided into low-potassium, low and moderate-titanium varieties. In terms of rare-earth element (REE) distribution pattern, these rocks correspond to the mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB). At the same time, trace element composition of some samples indicates the enrichment in subduction component (Ba, Th), as well as variable depletion in Ta, Nb and other high-field strength elements (HFSE), which leads us to conclude that these rocks were formed from melts similar to back-arc basin basalts (BABB) at a sufficiently mature stage of back-arc spreading. The diabases of other series form separate dike bodies (dike swarms) that cut across a mantle ultrabasic body in the northern part of the Aluchin Massif. The most part of these rocks reveal prominent island-arc signatures, primarily, REE and trace-element distribution patterns. At the same time, they are characterized by slightly elevated contents of titanium, nickel, and chromium, and low content of aluminum. On the basis of these data, the diabases of the Aluchin Massif can be regarded as BABB basalts with distinct island-arc characteristics, which are usually termed as arc-like member. The joint geochemical evolution of the two diabase series is well consistent with that of the rocks from different structures of the Mariana trough, which, together with compositional data, indicate that the studied dike series mark the initial and mature stages of the opening of the Late Triassic suprasubduction basin.     

Gold-bearing rocks of Mangalur greenstone belt,Gulbarga District,Karnataka

The Mangalur greenstone belt of Dharwar Craton, South India, is an Archaean schist belt dominated by metavolcanic rocks. The gold mineralization occurs within the metavolcanics and the fabric, mineralogy and geochemistry of these host rocks indicate that they were tholeiitic basalts regionally metamorphosed under medium to low-grade greenschist facies. The basic metavolcanic rocks occur as tholeiitic metabasalts and amphibolites. The rocks have undergone some fractionation and appear to be derived from melts generated by 10 to 25% melting of the mantle at depths 30 to 35 km around temperature 1200°C and pressure 12 kb. The source of gold is mainly in the basalts and not in the surrounding granites.     

Permian komatiites and associated basalts from the marine sediments of Chhongtash Formation, southeast Karakoram, Ladakh, India

Summary The Karakoram micro-plate is the southern most sector of the Central Asian micro-plate mosaic which was separated by a narrow rift basin. A major rifting phase started during Permian time, which lead to drift of not only Karakoram but of the entire Eurasian (Asian) Plate from Gondwana land. This was at a time when a prominent sequence of black argillites occupied most part of the Karakoram Tethys basin. The geodynamic setting for this sequence may be interpreted as the evolution of a passive margin affected by extensional tectonics. The extensional activity is evident from the extrusion of basalts and komatiitic rocks in the region. In this paper the geochemical relations between komatiites and basalts of the Chhongtash, southeast Karakoram are investigated. The basaltic and komatiitic (ultrabasic) flows are petrologically and geochemically distinct, yet they display a close spatial and temporal association, and they are related to each other through olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation. The chemical characteristics of the ultrabasic to basic magmatism in the region is consistent with formation above a mantle plume that impinged on the continental lithosphere. Hence, a model of partial melting in a mantle plume and fractional crystallization in a deep-seated magma chamber is envisaged to explain the evolution of these volcanic rocks. The komatiite melts are interpreted to have been derived by high degree partial melting of mantle plumes in the tail region, while the basalts were interpreted to be the result of interaction of source plume with cool mantle through which the plume head passed. This study is the first of its kind, to suggest a rift related nature in the Chhongtash, southeast Karakoram, that represent the initial stage of Mesozoic rifting along the southern margin of Eurasia when Gondwana started to drift away from Eurasia.     

西准噶尔洋中海山及其俯冲带处地质效应

随着研究的不断深入,在中亚造山带(CAOB)不断有不同时代的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)被识别出来。在中亚造山带西南缘的西准噶尔地区的多条蛇绿混杂岩带中,也存在具有OIB特征的玄武岩。这些玄武岩呈枕状,与超基性岩、辉长岩、块状玄武岩、灰岩及紫红色硅质岩等紧密共生。地球化学研究表明枕状玄武岩均为碱性系列,具有较高的TiO2含量(大多>2.5%)、强烈富集轻稀土元素、无明显Nb、Ta负异常,与典型的OIB极为相似,认为其可能形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山环境。通过对海山的发展阶段分析认为,西准噶尔地区海山应该发展到爆炸海山阶段,因为其中发育大量的枕状熔岩。海山中火山岩或火山碎屑沉积物富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,海山的俯冲将对弧及弧后地区火山岩地球化学产生明显影响,而西准噶尔地区泥盆纪-石炭纪火山岩中恰恰存在海山的信号。因此,海山俯冲模式可能能更好地解释西准噶尔地区火山岩中存在OIB特征火山岩的成因。另外,海山俯冲还存在潜在的资源效应,因此应该寻找和研究古海山及火山岛链俯冲的迹象,将对进一步找金铜等矿提供可靠依据。     

冀北金家庄中温热液型金矿床的成矿条件及找矿标志

金家庄金矿床位于华北地台北缘,尚义一赤城深大断裂带中段,属于产在超基性岩体断裂中的矿床。小张家口超基性岩体是金矿的主要围岩。深大断裂是成矿的先决条件;超基性岩体的存在是成矿的物质基础;中酸性岩浆及多次活动是成矿的关键。     

甘肃党河南山地区鸡叫沟金矿床成矿特征及成矿模式

通过对鸡叫沟金矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、找矿标志及控矿因素等到诸方面分析,指出鸡叫沟金矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆岩,矿体主要分布于黑云母花岗闪长岩、超基性角闪石岩岩体与奥陶纪地层的内外接触带上,且受多级断裂裂隙系统控制。矿石类型为石英脉型、蚀变岩型、石英脉＋蚀变岩型,矿化类型主要有黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、磁黄铁矿化、方铅矿化、毒砂化等。深部岩浆房为矿床形成提供了热动力,矿床成因类型为与岩浆岩有关的低温热液型金矿床,在此基础上,总结归纳了该矿床的成矿模式与综合找矿标志。     

First finding of native gold from the chromitites of the Mesoarchaean Tagadur mines, Nuggihalli Schist Belt, Dharwar Craton, south India

Occurrence of native gold in ultramafic rocks is rather rare. Such occurrences serve as snapshots of the underlying processes leading to their formation and modifications thereafter. Presence of native gold as flakes were earlier reported from the chromites of rock massifs of Kraka, southern Urals, Russia (Kovalev et al. 2007). Gold spherules also occur as tiny inclusions (5–30 μm) in olivine, pyrrohotite and magnetite grains from the ultrabasic rocks of Loveld deposit, South Africa (Rozhkov, 1967). Here we report, probably for the first time, occurrence of native gold from the chromitites of the Mesoarchaean Tagadur Mines of the Nuggihalli Schist Belt (NSB), Dharwar Craton, south India. Geological Survey of India (2006) has already reported significant gold content from the bulk ultramafic rocks of Kempinakote area far south of the current study area. A short discussion on the preliminary petrographic features of the gold grains and its significance is presented.     

Petrology of ultrabasic inclusions from basalts of Minusa and Transbaikalian regions (Siberia,USSR)

The paper presents a detailed study of the ultrabasic nodules in alkali basalts of the Minusa and Transbaikalian regions (Siberia, USSR), represented by spinel lherzolites, websterites, clinopyroxenites, plagioclase-clinopyroxene rocks, as well as fragments of large augite crystals and sanidine crystals. In the course of this study 8 new chemical analyses of inclusions and 23 chemical analyses of minerals from them have been performed. The results of the investigations imply that lherzolites and websterites are xenoliths from the upper mantle, fragments of large augite and sanidine crystals are high-pressure phenocrysts, while clinopyroxenites are cognate nodules.In the process of transportation to the surface ultrabasic nodules are subjected to strong corrosion by the basalt magma. It is noteworthy that pyroxenes and spinel are least resistant to this aggressive action, while olivine is much more stable. Because of this fact, pyroxenites have less chance of remaining intact and being found by investigators than dunites and peridotites. Therefore it is quite probable that in the upper mantle, besides spinel and garnet lherzolites, there may be present large amounts of pyroxenites, which become rather rare among the ultrabasic inclusions because they disintegrate during transportation to the surface.     

Geology and geochemistry of the Huilvshan gold deposit,Xinjiang, China: Implications for mechanism of gold precipitation

The Huilvshan gold deposit in the west Junggar (Xinjiang, China) is hosted in chloritized basalts, chlorite–siderite-altered basalts, and quartz–siderite rocks. Our study demonstrated that all these rocks were derived by alteration of basalts in a shear zone. The orebodies, consisting of quartz-sulfide veins and disseminated sulfides, formed in five stages: quartz–muscovite (I), disseminated sulfides (II), quartz–ankerite-sulfide (III), quartz–calcite-sulfide (IV), and quartz–calcite (V). Auriferous minerals are native gold in stage III and electrum in stage IV. During alteration of basalts in the shear zone, ore-forming elements were released from basalts to ore-forming fluid. Compared with fresh basalts, sulfide-bearing chloritized basalts contain much higher Sr, Ba, P, La, Ce, U, Mn, Ni, Zn, As, Ag, and Au contents. Phase analysis of the As–Cu–Fe–S–O system with the SUPCRT92 software package indicates that a decrease of the a_H2S value, caused by the fluid–rock reactions and crystallization of sulfides, induced gold precipitation.