自然演化碎屑锆石裂变径迹长度影响因素分析

锆石裂变径迹长度是锆石裂变径迹热年代学研究的一个重要参数。基于不同热背景的沉积盆地样品实测数据,分析锆石裂变径迹的退火行为,探讨锆石裂变径迹长度的影响因素。研究表明,Sk1井样品的裂变径迹长度和径迹与结晶C轴夹角之间具有一定的负相关性,即夹角愈小,径迹长度愈长;反之,夹角愈大,径迹长度愈短。Sk1井样品径迹与结晶C轴夹角主要分布在10°～70°,整体分布较随机;而Ku1井样品多分布于高角度（60°～90°）,整体分布不随机。Sk1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为220℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为5.02～5.55μm;Ku1井锆石裂变径迹在沉积盆地开始退火温度为170℃,深层样品的平均径迹长度为8.06～8.31μm,高温热背景下Sk1井的锆石裂变径迹开始受到沉积盆地影响的温度高于Ku1井。研究认为锆石裂变径迹在不同热背景下的开始退火温度和退火行为产生的差异是由盆地不同的增温速率导致的。Sk1井的中浅层样品平均径迹长度范围为5.85～8.36μm,Ku1井中浅层样品平均径迹长度为9.21～10.05μm。2口井中浅层样品的最小年龄大于地层年龄,表明未受到沉积盆地的影响,缩短的径迹...     

压力对磷灰石裂变径迹退火的影响初步探讨

磷灰石裂变径迹分析技术是确定岩石低温热历史的一种有效方法,其退火后径迹长度受多种因素影响,如温度、压力、磷灰石的化学成分、径迹与结晶C轴的夹角、蚀象直径（D_par）以及年龄等,但压力的影响很少有文章论述.在调研大量国内外资料的基础上,通过将统计后的数据作图来阐明压力对径迹退火的影响.研究结果表明压力对径迹的退火具有重要影响,压力越大,退火后得到的径迹长度越短,且随着压力的增大,径迹变短的程度也在增大.当压力小于150 MPa时,压力的影响可以忽略,这时径迹退火主要受温度影响.压力和温度在磷灰石裂变径迹退火时起到相互弥补的作用,即高压、低温与低压、高温都能达到相同的退火程度.     

磷灰石裂变径迹退火影响因素研究进展

磷灰石裂变径迹退火是一个繁杂的化学动力学过程,清楚地了解其退火的影响因素对于该技术的应用十分重要.文章概述了磷灰石裂变径迹退火动力学模型的发展史,并结合以往对其退火影响因素的研究,将磷灰石裂变径迹退火影响因素分为自身和外部环境两方面:自身影响因素包括化学成分、晶体结构、径迹长度与半径、径迹与结晶轴的方位关系,其中化学成...     

LA-ICP-MS/FT方法在矿床保存研究中的应用——以赣东北德兴铜矿和银山铅锌矿床为例

矿床保存是成矿系统研究的重要组成部分,其中裂变径迹研究是揭示矿床保存条件和程度的有效手段之一。本文建立了LA-ICP-MS/FT方法,该方法获得磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值与已有外探测器法分析结果对比表明这一方法是可行的。基于此方法,对赣东北德兴铜矿与银山铅锌矿进行了磷灰石裂变径迹分析,得到了德兴成矿岩体的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄71.4±8.6 Ma,银山地区英安斑岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为77.1±8.3 Ma。这一结果表明,在区域整体抬升背景下,两个矿区均以较低的剥蚀抬升速率抬升至地表。两个矿区样品磷灰石平均裂变径迹围限长度分别为12.32±1.77μm和12.56±1.91μm,对应Dpar值为2.45±0.19μm和1.84±0.17μm,径迹长度频度分布属于单峰型,证实两个矿区为单向冷却过程且没有遭受后期明显的热扰动。进一步温度‒时间热模拟路径显示,德兴和银山在70 Ma前经历了快速隆升过程,然后开始缓慢抬升,到约20 Ma开始再次快速隆升。结合前人报道的U-Th/He定年结果,100 Ma以来,德兴可能比银山具有相对更高的隆升量(~1 km)。     

阿尔泰造山带富蕴基性麻粒岩折返过程:来自裂变径迹热年代学的限定

论文在阿尔泰造山带富蕴县乌恰沟基性麻粒岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学、变质温压条件和形成的大地构造背景研究基础上,利用麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的裂变径迹热年代学探讨了麻粒岩从深部折返至地表的过程。裂变径迹年代学研究发现基性麻粒岩的锆石裂变径迹年龄为三叠纪,而麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄均显示为晚白垩世至新生代早期。对磷灰石裂变径迹测试所得到的径迹长度和单颗粒年龄数据进行热史模拟表明,三叠纪时,基性麻粒岩抬升至约地表以下7.8km的上地壳,温度冷却至锆石裂变径迹的封闭温度;晚白垩世至新生代早期(约100～50Ma),麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和辉绿岩抬升至约地表以下3.5km,温度冷却至磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度;约50～15Ma,三者滞留在约地表以下1.7km的磷灰石部分退火带;约15Ma以来,喜马拉雅运动使得它们被抬升剥蚀至地表。     

基于辐射损伤的磷灰石裂变径迹退火行为研究

目前裂变径迹低温热年代学的理论基础是建立在温度是导致径迹退火的唯一诱因之上的。然而，辐射损伤是否能够促进裂变径迹退火尚处于争论中。文章采用云南临沧四块花岗岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测试分析方法，对辐射损伤与裂变径迹退火行为之间的关系进行了研究。云南临沧磷灰石单颗粒年龄71～15 Ma，封闭径迹长度9～16μm, U含量24～290μg/g。统计分析结果表明，磷灰石封闭径迹长度以及单颗粒年龄分别随相应U含量增加而减小。综合分析认为，这种变化趋势初步表明了辐射损伤能够促进裂变径迹退火，是导致裂变径迹退火的另一诱因，为辐射损伤诱发裂变径迹退火行为研究提供了新证据。     

天山、西昆仑山中、新生代幕式活动的磷灰石裂变径迹记录

通过对天山独山子—库车公路、西昆仑山新疆—西藏公路出露的7个花岗岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹分析，研究了天山、西昆仑山脉低温（＜110℃）热历史。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围为（9.6±0.8）～（89.2±2.3）Ma，平均裂变径迹长度变化范围为（7.9±3.7）～（11.6±1.9）μm。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄反映冷却作用时代，地质资料和磷灰石裂变径迹分析数据表明，天山在白垩纪存在一次抬升作用，天山和西昆仑山在中新世发生另一次抬升作用。     

内蒙古银额盆地希热哈达地区中生代构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

银额盆地位于内蒙古西部,自古生代形成之后经历了多期次构造改造。燕山期构造运动使盆地经历了陆内盆山构造演化,并在白垩纪孕育了查干凹陷、居延海凹陷等一系列的生油凹陷,这些生油凹陷的构造演化过程还有待进一步研究。本文通过对银额盆地西北部希热哈达地区(居延海凹陷)的5口钻井开展磷灰石裂变径迹研究,揭示了研究区中生代构造演化史。8个样品的中心年龄为111±8~140±8Ma,径迹长度在12.1±1.9~12.8±2.2μm之间,各样品径迹长度分布具有单峰、负偏的特征。反映了在晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期,受燕山Ⅲ幕构造运动影响,研究区遭受抬升、剥蚀的构造事件。该时期是研究区主要抬升期,根据研究区部分钻井样品的镜质体反射率恢复中下侏罗统剥蚀厚度在1069.06~2503.73m之间,证明该时期抬升强烈,油气系统遭受破坏。同时,利用Hefty软件对8个样品开展的热史模拟较为一致地反应研究区在晚侏罗世之前达到最大埋深,之后在140~111Ma之间经历了短暂的快速抬升,进入磷灰石退火带温度范围(120℃左右)。此后较长时间内温度保持极为缓慢的降低,直至60~40Ma退出退火温度上限即生油门限温度,并持续至今,期间并无强烈的构造抬升。结合与银额盆地中部雅干地区和东部尚丹凹陷所开展工作(磷灰石裂变径迹记录年龄为90~113Ma,129~159Ma),证明银额盆地中生代时期存在差异隆升,不同构造位置受不同期次构造运动的影响也存在差异,为银额盆地构造演化研究提供了依据。     

广西十万大山盆地中生代地层的裂变径迹研究及其地质意义

对采自中国南方十万大山盆地中生代地层的11个磷灰石样品和6个锆石样品进行了裂变径迹分析,所有磷灰石样品以及锆石样品SS-5、SW033、SW055的裂变径迹年龄数据均小于样品的地层年龄,表明这些样品在沉积后所经历的埋藏温度曾经大于最大退火温度。样品Shw-1、SW027、SW025的锆石裂变径迹年龄大于样品的地层年龄,反映的是源区的锆石年龄。根据磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据进行的时间一温度历史模拟表明,十万大山地区的磷灰石样品基本反映了相同的低温段热演化史。各个样品在41～85Ma之间分别达到最大古地温值(介于98～175℃之间),此后各个样品的热演化史总体上呈冷却的趋势。自晚白垩世以来,盆地各地普遍遭受了抬升剥蚀过程,估算的地层剥蚀量在2281～4484m之间。     

东大别地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的构造意义初析

东大别山地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值为59.4±3.4～105.6±9.8Ma,具跨度较大,空间分布不均匀,沿主要断裂走向及倾向均不连续的特点。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的这些特点暗示的构造意义可能是:自燕山运动以来研究区的构造抬升为缓慢且不均匀格局;晓天—磨子潭断裂中段在第三纪时可能有逆冲活动;由磷灰石封闭径迹长度及单颗粒磷灰石年龄进行的初步热历史模拟分析显示,距今约45～55Ma,郯庐断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂曾再次活动,前者活动规模较后者大;断裂活动可能是该区不均匀构造抬升的主要控制因素之一。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861