准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯背斜勘探潜力分析

霍尔果斯背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘山前冲断带中段。以断层相关褶皱理论为基础,对背斜构造样式、构造演化及油气勘探潜力进行分析。认为霍尔果斯背斜为深部断层转折褶皱与浅部断层传播褶皱组成的复合型背斜,发育3期构造演化序列:深部断层转折褶皱发育期、中部反向断裂发育期及浅层霍玛吐断裂冲断改造期。古近系紫泥泉子组发育优质储层,是油气发现的主力层系,油气藏为高压、高凝、高产、带油环的大跨度高效油气藏;白垩系东沟组一段发育规模储层,储盖组合有效,是深化勘探的有利层系。     

准噶尔盆地中部油气藏调整与再聚集规律

我国叠合盆地具多期构造叠加、油气多期充注、晚期定位的石油地质特征.为了客观认识准噶尔盆地中部原生油气藏在喜山期构造运动控制下的调整改造样式与再聚集规律,通过有机包裹体颗粒指数分析、测井/试油成果对比、储层物性相关性研究及数值模拟实验分析,认识到现今油气藏储层物性与含油性关系复杂,古今油水界面不一致,识别出调整保存、调整残留/余、调整散失3种油气藏调整类型,模拟了油气优势调整路径,总结出准噶尔盆地中部调整型油气藏的再聚集机理与分布规律.      

宝饶复式油气藏油气分布与聚集规律

针对宝饶复式油气藏复杂的构造及油气水分布规律,开展了该油气藏沉积、构造、生储盖条件及其组合关系等研究,认为宝饶构造带沉积储层与油气运移、构造圈闭匹配关系良好,具备良好的成藏条件,是吉尔嘎郎图凹陷油气富集最为有利的构造带,其中Ｋ１ｂｔ＾２是油气最富集的层位;进一步探讨了宝饶复式油气藏油气分布规律及影响因素、油气藏类型,认识到其油气分布主要受沉积微相及断层封挡作用的影响,构造及岩相的复杂性导致了油气藏     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层质量差异化和影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组是致密油富集的主要层系,其砂岩储层具低孔低渗特征,油气垂向和平面分布主要受储层质量差异性影响。基于岩心、分析化验、测井和录井资料,分析储层质量差异性成因和影响因素。研究表明：(1)延长组储层物性属低孔-特低渗储层,垂向上油层组之间有差异,长2+3储层物性好于长6、长8储层。引起储层质量差异的原因主要是储层形成的沉积环境和成岩作用;(2)沉积相带差异和碎屑粒径是影响储层物性的原因之一,水下分流河道微相和砂质碎屑流沉积储层具较厚的砂体叠置和较高的储层物性,浊流次之,碎屑粒径越大,物性越好;(3)成岩作用是造成储层垂向物性差异的主要原因之一。长2+3储层埋藏浅,压实作用普遍较弱,胶结作用主要为高岭石自生矿物的胶结。长6、长8经历强烈压实作用,胶结作用主要为碳酸盐矿物胶结、绿泥石胶结和伊利石胶结,长6储层碳酸盐矿物胶结是储层物性变差的主要原因。含油气盆地中,油气充注、构造作用和事件性沉积等都是引起储层质量差异的因素。     

大港千米桥潜山储层形成对油气分布的控制

位于黄骅坳陷北大港构造带之下的千米桥潜山是一个深埋的奥陶系碳酸盐岩潜山油气藏。潜山形成经历了中—新生代褶皱抬升—埋藏改造等复杂的地质过程,碳酸盐岩储层成因复杂,有效孔隙分布具有极强的非均质性,严重影响了晚期油气的充注。对碳酸盐岩储层成岩过程的解析表明,中生代强烈构造变形事件之后的大气水岩溶作用形成了潜山储层基本格架,而第三纪埋藏过程中发生的选择性溶蚀与胶结作用则使储层结构复杂化,储集空间分割性进一步加强。在潜山油气充注过程中,缝洞系统与供烃窗口的对接关系决定着油气主疏导网络分布,而疏导网络与储集空间的连通与否则控制潜山油气分布。千米桥潜山油气藏应属于成岩封闭的裂缝性油气藏,而非块状油气藏。     

塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气差异性分布及其主控因素分析

为探求塔里木盆地塔中II区奥陶系油气水分布规律,对现有勘探成果及断裂、不整合面、构造背景进行分析,应用常规测井、地震及地化等多种方法开展研究。结果表明:塔中II区奥陶系油气分布在平面上呈现出"马鞍状"三分特征,东部塔中I号坡折带、西部塔中10号断裂带多分布气油比、干燥系数、硫化氢含量、含蜡量相对较高、密度相对较低的凝析气藏,两构造带之间的过渡带以挥发性油藏或油藏分布为主;油气在纵向上主要分布于层间不整合面以下300 m范围内。综合分析认为,不整合面纵向上控制了储层、油气藏的主体发育层位,平面上通过差异溶蚀作用造成的储层非均质性控制了油气的主要分布范围;断裂对储层物性具有明显的改善作用,形成有效的输导通道,控制了油气的充注强度及油气藏类型;斜坡背景上的局部构造高点控制了油气的差异分布,越靠近高点,油气越易富集。     

特约主编致读者

<正>低渗砂岩储层孔隙结构复杂,孔隙连通性较差,孔喉半径小,排驱压力较高(常大于1MPa),其油气藏成藏特征明显不同于常规油气藏。这种低孔低渗油气藏往往具有油水分布受构造控制不明显、油水重力分异不明显甚至油水关系倒置、含油饱和度低且与储层孔渗性关系复杂等特征。因此,利用传统的油气富集理论难以解释低孔低渗油气藏的形成与分布,而中国多个大型坳陷湖盆低渗储层富集了丰富的油气资源,需要探索发展低渗储层油气成藏的石油地质理论和相关技术,以指导低渗储层油气勘探开发。鄂尔多斯盆地是一个构造相对稳定的大型坳陷湖盆,其西南部陇东地区三叠系延长组已发现了西峰     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组低渗透砂岩油藏成藏机理与成藏模式

低渗透油藏在国内外分布十分广泛,逐渐成为未来石油勘探开发的重要接替领域。与常规油藏不同,低渗透砂岩油藏具有以下特征：(1)含油饱和度低,与储层物性关系复杂;(2)油水关系复杂,无明显的油水界面;(3)大面积广泛分布,受构造高低控制不明显;(4)距离源岩越远,石油富集程度越差。陇东地区延长组低渗透砂岩油藏的成藏机理研究表明：低渗透砂岩储层排替压力较大,浮力很难驱动石油发生明显的运移,石油在优质烃源岩生烃作用产生的剩余压力驱动下,向上、向下连续充注进入邻近砂体,近源聚集,形成原生油藏;裂缝发育条件下,已聚集石油可在浮力驱动下沿裂缝进行垂向、侧向运移调整,远源成藏,形成次生油藏。综合石油成藏期次、裂缝特征及形成时间、储层孔隙演化史以及成藏动力演化等特征,建立了陇东地区延长组油藏的成藏模式：早期低熟油小规模充注模式、中期成熟油大规模充注成藏模式、晚期构造抬升调整成藏模式。其主要控制因素为源储大面积广泛接触奠定了低渗透砂岩储层石油富集的基础,优质烃源岩生排烃范围控制了原生油藏分布范围,裂缝发育特征控制了次生油藏分布部位。     

油砂山油田露头油藏地质特征及形成机制研究

通过对油砂山地区露头油藏圈闭特征、流体性质和地层压力分析,结合油气成藏过程,查明该区地质特征、形成机制和主控因素。油砂山地油层(组)分布受潜水面控制,原油物性由浅至深逐渐变好,产层呈明显低压;油气藏形成经历圈闭发育期、油气充注期和油藏调整-聚集期,具"持续充注、晚期成藏"特征。此过程中深部充足油源是成藏的物质基础,优质储层是油气储集的必要条件,断裂-超压联控是油气运移的关键,后期构造改造为油气分布的主导因素。     

深层—超深层碎屑岩储层非均质性特征与油气成藏模式

深层—超深层地质条件下,储层的孔渗物性特征和流体动力连通关系决定了油气在储层中的流动状态,这也就决定了油气运移的动力条件和聚集成藏的机理与过程。本文基于对深层—超深层碎屑岩储层结构非均质性的研究,认识深层—超深层油气运聚成藏机制和过程,总结油气多期复合成藏模式,探索深层—超深层油气分布规律。碎屑岩储层普遍存在强烈的非均质性,受到沉积结构构造及成岩作用控制,表现出空间结构性特征,在埋藏至深层—超深层的过程中经历了差异性的成岩演化和油气充注。结构非均质性储层中的油气总体向上倾方向运移,受储层中砂体分布、隔夹层结构以及连通方式的影响,油气运移路径的分布极不均匀,在储层中任何部位都可能聚集,并可能继续运移到有利圈闭中富集。在深埋过程中,多期多幕的构造变动促使深层—超深层储层中已聚集的油气向着上倾方向运移调整,或沿着断裂向上运移调整至中—深层与之相关的有效储层中运移、聚集。深层—超深层勘探具有更为广泛的目标选择,洼陷区和斜坡区都可能成为有利勘探区域。现实的深层—超深层油气勘探新领域包括：构造高点油气藏向供源方向的拓展,深层—超深层烃源由断裂调整至中深层—超深层的次生油气聚集,深层—超深层与油气源...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861