雪峰弧形构造带中段天明金矿地质特征及找矿标志

湖南省安化县天明金矿地处江南造山带雪峰弧形构造带中段,金矿成矿地质条件优越。在综合研究区域资料和勘查成果的基础上,根据地球物理、地球化学、遥感等地质资料,对比分析了天明金矿与邻区典型金矿的成矿地质环境、矿体展布、矿石特征及矿床成因特征,探讨了天明地区的成矿地质条件和找矿标志,并初步建立了天明地区金矿的成矿模式和综合找矿模型。天明金矿目前已揭露3条近EW向的破碎蚀变带,其成因类型为造山与重熔岩浆热液混合型金矿,且在垂向分带上显示出石英脉型—构造蚀变岩型的分带特征。研究成果可以为天明金矿及同类型金矿的找矿工作提供参考。     

基于ASTER的康古尔塔格金矿带热液矿化蚀变信息提取

新疆东天山的康格尔塔格金矿带矿产资源丰富,其重要控矿要素之一是韧性剪切带。文章使用ASTER数据提取该地区遥感矿化蚀变信息,并选择康古尔塔格金矿带的部分区域(因受数据获取限制,选择N41°38′—N42°20′、E91°20′—E92°20′范围)作为研究区。研究表明,区内矿化围岩蚀变特征明显,可通过分析研究区岩矿光谱特征以及ASTER数据光谱特征,分别选择假彩色合成、波段比值、特征向量主成分分析法(Crosta Technique)等图像处理技术来识别并提取研究区的矿化与蚀变矿物信息。结合ArcGIS将提取的矿化和蚀变信息与该地区的矿点与构造图层叠加,并对叠加成果图进行分析与对比,从叠加图中发现研究区中的金矿床沿韧性剪切带南侧的韧性剪切过渡带分布。通过阅读该地区的相关地质资料、成果文献等,对提取的矿化和蚀变信息进行验证;结果证明ASTER数据在相似干旱地区进行遥感蚀变信息提取具有可行性,此法用于相似地域找矿具有很好的应用前景。     

甘肃李坝金矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系

西秦岭地区是目前国内造山型和卡林型金矿找矿的热点地区之一,已发现的甘肃李坝造山型金矿为超大型规模。以李坝金矿6号矿带为例,系统地研究了其蚀变矿物组合、近矿围岩蚀变分带及相应的金矿化特征,总结了矿床(带)的蚀变分带模式。该模式具典型的中心式环带结构,可分为3个蚀变带,由中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云母化带和绿泥石化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿+绢云母+石英±毒砂±白云母±电气石±方解石、绢云母+绿泥石+石英+黄铁矿±黑云母及绿泥石+黑云母±绢云母±黄铁矿;与这3个蚀变带相对应的是金的富集带、矿化带和无矿带。蚀变岩石物质组分迁移分析表明,围岩蚀变及其分带是热水流体/岩石反应时岩石化学组分发生迁移的结果,矿化伴随着蚀变发生,且金矿化与黄铁矿化和浸染状硅化关系最为密切。     

综合遥感地质信息在成矿预测中的应用——以巴布亚新几内亚斑岩型铜金矿为例

近年来,西南太平洋地区,特别是巴布亚新几内亚已经成为世界范围内寻找铜金矿的热点地区之一,在这里连续发现了几个世界级的大型金矿和大型铜金矿。利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对研究区提取线、环构造,岩性、地层等遥感地质信息,建立研究区成矿预测单元。基于ETM+光谱信息与蚀变矿物组合,利用比值分析和主成分分析法对预测单元进行蚀变遥感异常信息提取,结合巴布亚新几内亚火山岛弧、弧—陆碰撞带等其他特殊的地质构造环境,分析并建立了综合信息找矿标志及成矿找矿模型。据此,在研究区内分别圈定了3个等级的找矿预测远景区,包括4个1级、4个2级及2个3级预测远景区。     

遥感地质在川西北平武-青川地区金矿研究中的应用

本文运用遥感地质综合研究方法,解译分析了区域构造组合特征及与金矿成矿的关系,探讨了TM蚀变带信息提取试验方法,提出了遥感影像找矿模式和川西北金矿的找矿前景。     

遥感技术在阿根廷西北部米纳皮基塔斯地区斑岩型铜金矿找矿调查中的应用

阿根廷西北部的铜金多金属成矿带是南美安第斯成矿带的主要组成部分。该成矿带主要发育斑岩型铜金矿,是阿根廷最主要的铜金多金属矿产资源分布区,但该区交通差、地形地质构造复杂、岩性多样,极大地影响了地质找矿的进展。以阿根廷西北部胡胡伊省的米纳皮基塔斯地区为研究区,以ETM+卫星影像为数据源,进行环形构造、菱形构造、深大断裂和破碎带的遥感解译;基于Aster遥感影像数据开展了成像光谱法和主成分分析法矿化蚀变异常信息提取分析。结果显示,铝羟基类蚀变矿物组合和铁染蚀变矿物异常区与主要控矿构造较一致,通过分析认为该区域成矿条件优越。在此基础上,结合斑岩型矿床成矿地质条件等资料,建立该地区遥感地质找矿模型,划分出了重要找矿远景区。该方法具有良好的找矿效果,对阿根廷西北部地区的找矿调查工作具有重要指导作用。     

胶东玲珑金矿田构造蚀变岩测量与成矿预测

对几十年来地质找矿工作进行总结,支撑深部找矿的重大难题,经过多年的实际观测和分析研究,完成了“山东省招远市玲珑金矿构造蚀变成矿图”。玲珑金矿田发育玲珑焦家式金矿--陆内岩浆期后热液蚀变剪切带硫化物石英脉黄铁绢英岩蚀变破碎岩型金矿。该类矿床受断裂破碎带影响,成矿地质体是黄铁绢英岩质蚀变岩带。研究应用构造蚀变岩的地质测量和研究方法,实测了大量的构造岩相剖面,开展了1∶2 000和1∶10 000的填图。结果显示：(1)矿田处于滦家河岩体外接触带,赋矿围岩主要是玲珑似片麻状黑云母花岗岩。花岗岩的似片麻理走向显示北西西至南东东向分布,带有胶东基底的构造痕迹。(2)断裂蚀变矿化带控制了金矿的分布规律,它们受到后期构造的改造。(3)图中从西到东、从北到南,流体交代蚀变岩的规模都逐渐增大,因此,通过断裂蚀变岩的发育情况,可知较大矿床集中在矿田的东南部。东南部构造及蚀变带规模大,矿体埋藏深,有良好的成矿远景。“山东省招远市玲珑金矿构造蚀变成矿图”的编制,反映了区内控矿构造的新资料。关于矿田找矿预测的靶区得到了探矿工程的验证,并有力地支持了今后一个阶段的深部找矿问题。以成矿地质事件为基础的大比例尺构造岩相地质填图及找矿方法,具有重要的成矿研究和深部外围找矿意义,值得进一步深化和推广。     

新疆西昆仑金(铜)矿找矿前景分析

位于塔里木西南缘的木吉－大同一库地金铜成矿带是西昆仑地区重要成矿带,带内金矿主要产于碳质千枚岩、碎屑岩及绢去母石英片岩等岩石中,受韧性剪切带及构造蚀变带控制。铜（金）矿化与华力西期花岗岩类关系较紧密,金铜找矿以海相喷流沉积型铜（金银）矿、斑岩及夕卡岩型铜金矿、构造蚀变岩型金矿及韧性剪切带型金矿为主,根据金铜成矿环境分析,认为该区的金铜找矿潜力巨大。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗锡力诺尔金矿地质特征及成矿作用探讨

锡力诺尔金矿位于二连-贺根山断裂带偏南侧,为国土资源大调查中新发现的金矿点。本文在系统研究苏左旗-阿巴嘎旗地区成矿地质背景和成矿规律基础上,对锡力诺尔金矿点的地质特征和控矿因素进行了阐述,认为金矿化体主要赋存于二叠系上统林西组的细砂岩、砂砾岩的层间破碎带中,受控于北东向韧性剪切构造带和次级张性裂隙。通过锡力诺尔金矿点与外围金矿点的对比分析,初步认为锡力诺尔金矿体的成因类型为石英脉与蚀变岩复合型,矿体主体为低品位蚀变岩型,显示出较好的找矿前景。本文可为摸清该地区的金矿找矿思路和圈定金矿找矿靶区提供借鉴。     

桂北构造蚀变岩型金矿的发现及成矿规律研究

桂北地区金矿划分为石英脉型、石英细脉薄脉型和构造蚀变岩型金矿.不同级别剪切带构造控制着矿化集中区、矿床、矿体的分布,以及与矿脉形态、产状和矿化类型有着空间上的密切联系.具有上部石英脉型、中部石英细脉薄脉型、下部构造蚀变岩型金矿的矿化分带模式.桂北地区成矿条件好,与国内外许多大型超大型剪切带型金矿有类似成矿地质背景.研究认为,在桂北地区找矿应转变找矿思路,在老矿山深部及周边地区,具有大型构造蚀变岩型金矿找矿前景.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)