东海日本对虾的数量分布和变化

根据专业拖虾调查数据和历史资料,研究了东海日本对虾的数量分布和数量变化,结果表明,调查区日本对虾的年平均渔获率为65.9g/h,夏季时较高,为136.5g/h,其次是春季时,秋、冬季时较低。冬、春季时日本对虾主要分布在26°00′～28°00′N海域,其密集中心位于100m水深区域。夏、秋季时整个调查区都有日本对虾分布,最高站位的渔获率为1000g/h以上,主要出现在夏季,且分布于长江口区和温台渔场区。整个调查区日本对虾最高现存资源量为1360.6t,比20世纪80年代中期的2485t下降了45%。还讨论了日本对虾资源量下降的主要原因和恢复日本对虾资源的主要途径。     

Distribution of biomass of zooplankton in the Kuroshio area of the East China Sea

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东海浮游动物生物量分布特征

根据1997～2000年东海海域23°30'～33°00'N,118°30'～128°00'E分别进行4个季节的海洋调查资料,对东海区浮游动物总生物量及饵料生物量的数量变动,时空分布及与鱼渔场关系作了分析.结果表明,四季总生物量均值为65.32mg/m3,其中秋季大于夏季大于春季大于冬季;饵料浮游动物生物量均值为40.9mg/m3,约占总生物量的60%,其中秋季大于夏季大于冬季大于春季.总生物量与饵料生物量平面分布趋势基本一致,高生物量(250～500mg/m3)区分布范围极小,一般占总调查面积的1%～4%.东海北部近海125°00'E以西,29°30'N以北水域生物量季节变化最明显.饵料浮游动物生物量平面分布取决于甲壳动物丰度的分布.饵料浮游动物生物量与鳀鱼中心渔场及其仔、稚鱼高密集区分布存在着较好的对应关系,春季鳀鱼中心渔场(>100kg/h1)和仔、稚鱼高密集区(≥100尾/网)位于东海中南部(28°00'～29°30'N)饵料浮游动物最高生物量(100～250mg/m3)密集区内或边缘水域.     

Abundance and biomass of heterotrophic microbes in the Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

1Introduction Heterotrophicmicrobesarenowconsideredtobe significantcomponentsofthestructureandfunctionof marinepelagicecosystems.Heterotrophicbacteriacon- stituteamajorpoolofbiomassinopenecosystem (WilhelmandSuttle,1999).Theyconsumealargepor- tionofprimaryproduction(Li,1998;Sherryetal., 2002;Lietal.,2004),andtheymineralizemostofthe dissolvedorganiccarbonthattheyconsume(Azamet al.,1983;Richetal.,1997;Azam,1998).Therolesof planktonicprotists,suchasheterotrophicflagellates andciliates,inmicro…     

渤海浮游植物生物量时空变化初析

本文根据 4 0年间收集的综合观测资料、部分成果以及 1998/ 1999年本课题执行的 2个航次的调查和岸边监测 ,分析了渤海浮游植物生物量的年循环规律、水平分布的年际变化及长期变化。结合渤海水温、盐度、黄河径流量及营养盐浓度的变化 ,初步分析了原因。渤海为高生产力陆架海 ,每年有 2次生物量的高峰期 ,水华时间有 1个月的前后移动 ;生物量及其水平分布的年际变化大于 10年际变化。渤海温盐有增加趋势 ,无机氮浓度增加、磷酸盐浓度降低 ,河流输入变化只影响局部海域子系统 ,近岸海域的富营养化使得营养盐更多地消耗在近岸 ,而中央海区依然保持良好水质。物理系统的变化是该时空变化的重要原因之一。     

Letter to the editor

It is a common observation that the mean length in a fish population progressively decreases as the biomass is reduced by fishing. However, this has not happened with the population of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand, even though the biomass is estimated to have declined by almost 80%. Because orange roughy are slow growing it might be expected that mean age (or its proxy, mean otolith weight) would be a more sensitive indicator of biomass decline than mean length. A simulation study shows that this is not true. With equal sample sizes, all three indicators are equally sensitive; on an equal cost basis, mean length is more sensitive than the others. A log transformation increases the sensitivity of age and otolith weight, but it is not clear whether this increase is sufficient to outweigh the much greater costs of measuring age and otolith weight, compared to length. Under the assumption of constant recruitment, it is more likely than not (P = 0.55–0.8) that a change in mean length would have been detected in the Chatham Rise population, given the estimated biomass decline.     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997～2000 (23°30′～33°00′N,118°30′～ 128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton hiomass is 40.9 mg/m3.The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250～500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters (29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the abundance distribution of crustacean. The distribution of diet zooplankton is related to the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus and the high-density area of young fish and larval. In spring, the central fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus (>100 kg/h) and the high-density area of young fish and larval (>100 individuals per net) are located at the same place of high-density (100～250 mg/m3)area of diet zooplankton in the middle-southern part of East China Sea or the edge of its waters.     

小型底栖动物生物量估算方法回顾与思考

小型底栖动物是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,其生物量估算的准确性影响着海洋生物资源分析和生态系统动力学的研究.对常用的小型底栖动物生物量估算方法进行了介绍,并指出了我国在使用体积估算法时存在的一些问题.在此基础上,对小型底栖动物生物量估算模型研究提出了几条建议.     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the     

Seasonal Variation in the Biomass of Marine Macrophyta from Greek Coasts

Abstract. The marine plant communities of the littoral zone in different biotopes of the Greek coasts were investigated in 1980-81. Seasonal distribution and variation of marine plant biomass were assessed. The communities of Cystoseira crinita and C. compressa were outstanding with maximum biomass during the summer months. Corallina officinalis and Pterocladia capillacea + Viva rigida communities predominated with maximum biomass in autumn and exhibited a decrease in winter, except in stressed biotopes. The species diversity and productivity of seaweeds along the Greek coasts are interpreted in relation to a number of environmental parameters.     

Distribution of zooplankton biomass in the southeastern East China Sea

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长江口渔场、舟山渔场硅酸盐浓度分布与生物量关系的研究

根据1998年和2000年东海北部的营养盐调查资料和相应的历史资料,以及同期开展的虾类资源调查资料,研究了冬、夏季长江冲淡水的流向以及它对长江口渔场、舟山渔场硅酸盐分布规律和虾类生物量分布规律的影响。结果表明,长江冲淡水转向的原因可以归纳为4类,夏季长江冲淡水的流动界限由123°E,30．3°N到127．3°E,33°N的直线和由123°E,31．8°N到127．3°E,34．5°N的直线所围的区域。长江冲淡水给长江口渔场、舟山渔场提供了大量的硅酸盐,对提高该海区的初级生产力起到了积极的作用,有利于生物的繁衍生息,提高了生物量。最后,用该海区虾类的分布密度证实了由该水团所做出的对生物量的推论。     

烟台四十里湾海区栉孔扇贝同化率周年变化及其与环境的关系

于１９９７年６月－１９９８年５月用现场方法测定了烟台四十里湾海区总颗粒物质（ＴＰＭ）、颗粒有机物（ＰＯＭ）现存量和栉孔扇贝同化率（ＡＥ）周年变化,并分析栉孔扇贝同化率与海区温度、盐度、ＴＰＭ和ＰＯＭ的关系。结果表明,（１）整个海区ＴＰＭ现存量秋季最高,其次为春季和冬季,夏季最低;海区ＰＯＭ含量变化不大,在１．３４－１．６５ｍｇ／Ｌ之间;栉孔扇贝同化率在春、夏、秋三了较高,冬季较低,其中在秋末冬初（     

海南东寨港红树林区底栖节肢动物多样性研究

为了解海南东寨港红树林区节肢动物多样性水平, 作者于2009 年12 月、2010 年3 月和7 月,对海南东寨港红树林区8 个采样点进行节肢动物群落调查, 共获得底栖节肢动物34 种, 隶属2 纲14科; 方蟹科和沙蟹科是主要类群, 其中双齿近相手蟹(Perisesarma bidens)、原足虫(Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis)和锯眼泥蟹(Ilyoplax serrata)为优势种; 不同潮滩间节肢动物的栖息密度差异不显著, 但生物量差异显著; 不同季节间节肢动物的栖息密度和生物量差异显著; 物种种数S、Margalef 丰富度指数d、Shannon-Wiener 物种多样性指数H′和Pielou 均匀性指数J 皆表现为冬季<春季<夏季。     

莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础,对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究,同时与历史资料进行对比,探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种,其中包括环节动物多毛类122种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物64种,棘皮动物18种,鱼类9种,其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m², 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势;平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m²,软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性,低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域,高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显,夏季最高,秋季其次,春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现,莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。     

渤海大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究

于 1997年 6月、1998年 9月和 1999年 4月 3个航次对渤海的大型底栖动物进行了定量研究。在研究海区共采到大型底栖动物 30 6种 ,其中甲壳动物 97种 ,环节动物 95种 ,软体动物 88种 ,棘皮动物 11种 ,其它动物共 15种。其总平均丰度和生物量分别为 2 5 76 ind./m2和4 4 .4 7g/m2。渤海大部海区的总平均生物量在过去十年中可能未发生大的变化。渤海含砂量相对高的生境有较高的动物丰度 ,而在水位较深的水域 ,由于有较高的初级生产量到达底部 ,从而支持着较高的大型底栖动物的生物量。渤海海峡口可能是渤海大型底栖动物生物量的高值区     

Temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass in the mangrove creek area along the Karachi coast, Pakistan

The temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass （1-Volumetric method by settling volume and displacement volume and 2- Gravimetric method through wet weight, dry weight and ash-free dry weight） with relation to environmental parameters were studied in the mangrove creek area of Karachi coast, Pakistan. The data of mesozooplankton samples along with environmental parameters （temperature, salinity, pH, etc.） were collected during January 1998 to December 1998 from two creek stations. The abun-dance of mesozooplankton also exhibited seasonal trends at both stations. At Sta. S2, the highest and low-est abundance values were observed during post-monsoon and southwest monsoon respectively whereas, at Sta. S1, a clear trend of high abundance in pre-monsoon to low abundance in southwest monsoon was observed. Mesozooplankton abundance was also positively correlated with settling volume, displacement volume, wet weight and dry weight. The highest biomass value was observed in the northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. The results of the canonical analysis of the output from the discriminate function was tested. Out of fifteen variables, only one was significantly different in single character ratios dry weight/ash free-dry weight （F3,23=4.78,P＆lt;0.005）. The mesozooplankton community was collectively composed of 28 taxa. Among these groups, copepoda （66.3%）, gastropod larvae （9.94%）, evadne （4.60%）, zoea （3.60%）, cypris nauplii （2.56%）, lemellibranch larvae （1.87%）, chaetognaths （1.81%）, ostracods （1.73%）, lucifer （1.15%） and barnacles nauplii （1.35%） contributed the most to the similarities within Sta. S1, while copepoda （74.68%）, cypris nauplii （5.29%）, gastropods （4.87%）, barnacles nauplii （4.81%）, evadne （1.72%）, zoea （1.53%） and ca-ridean larvae （1.18%） at Sta. S2. The remaining mesozooplanktonic group were accounted for less than 5% and 6% at Sta. S1 and Sta. S2 respectively, of the total organisms. Similarity perce     

红树林湿地沉积物中海洋线虫个体干质量的研究

对采自2012-2013年4个季度,福建九龙江口和洛阳江口红树林湿地沉积物中的海洋线虫进行了分选和制片,对其优势属的全部个体进行了体长和体宽的测量。利用体积换算法,获得了线虫群落成体干质量变化情况。结果表明:红树林湿地沉积物中海洋线虫群落优势属个体成体干质量在0.14~4.88 μg之间,幼体的变化范围在0.17~1.46 μg之间,平均的个体干质量为0.826 μg。海洋线虫群落结构种类组成和幼体所占比例是影响线虫个体干质量估算的主要因素。建议对红树林湿地沉积物中海洋线虫生物量的估计当以实测为最佳,如采用经验系数则建议使用个体平均干质量0.8 μg。     

胶州湾海域大型底栖生物的调查与研究

根据2003年6月初对胶州湾海域的调查资料,分析了该海域的底栖生物的种类组成及生物量分布。共鉴定了40种底栖生物,平均总生物量为23.93g/m2,平均栖息密度为400个/m2。调查结果表明,生物量受盐度影响,而栖息密度受水深和有机质含量影响。胶州湾由于受污染缘故,多样性指数远低于3,生物群落呈非健康状态,并与20世纪90年代的调查结果相比较发现,生物量呈严重下降趋势,而栖息密度呈上升趋势。