北部湾海域地震构造背景研究

本文从构造背景、断裂构造、地球物理场、地震活动性和震源机制等方面,分析了北部湾双震的发震构造条件,认为北东东向的乌石凹陷边界断裂为主要发震构造,而北西向断裂仅起到应力集中和调节作用。同时本文还认为,北部湾盆地内的地震活动主要与晚新生代沉降中心相关,且次级凹陷——北东-北东东向边界断裂是重要的发震构造,而其较大弧度的转折部位或与北西向断裂交汇部位是重要的发震部位。     

山东凫山断裂和峄山断裂的新活动时代研究

历史资料和前人研究表明,462年山东省滕州西发生6*1/2级地震。该地震震中附近有已探究发现的凫山断裂、峄山断裂和孙氏店断裂等。本文利用物探、钻探、形貌测量、地质考察和测年等多种手段,进一步鉴定凫山断裂和峄山断裂,得出前者最新活动时代为晚更新世早期,后者最新活动时代为中更新世早期。前人研究表明,462年滕州西地震烈度等震线近SN走向,因此,SN走向的峄山断裂和孙氏店断裂均可能是此次地震的发震断裂。     

Distributions,possible sources and biological risk of DDTs,HCHs and chlordanes in sediments of Beibu Gulf and its tributary rivers,China

Thirty-five surface sediment samples collected from Beibu Gulf and its tributary rivers, China were analyzed for DDTs, HCHs and chlordanes. Total concentrations of DDTs, HCHs and chlordanes in sediments ranged from 0.59 to 126 ng g⁻¹, ND to 2.65 ng g⁻¹ and 0.27 to 3.41 ng g⁻¹ based on dry weight (dw), respectively. Concentrations of DDTs were higher than those reported in the sediments from other regions of the world, while concentrations of HCHs and chlordanes were relatively low. High concentrations of DDTs were observed in the harbor region and aquaculture bases and high concentrations of HCHs were found in the Qin River Estuary. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDTs reflected a mixed input of weathered and fresh DDTs. The predominant β-HCH indicated that HCHs in the study area mainly originated from the historical usage of technical HCH. The residues of DDTs would pose adverse biological effects on the study area.     

2006年青海玉树地震类型和发震构造分析

2006年7月18和19日在青海玉树相继发生了5.0、5.6和5.4级地震。本文通过玉树地震台记录的地震波形及青海省地震台网监测结果分析该地震事件属于震群型地震;通过现场考察及宏观烈度区、余震分布和震源机制解、区域构造分析认为发震构造为乌兰乌拉湖-玉树构造带。     

Discussion on the Seismogenic Fault of the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

The opinions of two papers carried in the journal "Seismology and Geology" are discussed in the paper.One is that the Tangshan fault is a high-angle,west-dipping and thrust with strike-slip fault.The other is that the Fuzhuang-Xihe fault distributed on the east side of Tangshan city is the seismogenic fault that caused the Tangshan earthquake.For the former opinion,it needs to explain the relationship between the active style of the thrust Tangshan fault and the formation genesis of a Quaternary depression along the west side of Tangshan city.For the latter opinion,if the Fuzhuang-Xihe fault is the seismogenic fault of the Tangshan earthquake,it needs to explain the genesis relationship between this west-dip slip fault zone and the strike-slip surface fissure zone that extends through Tangshan city.And it needs more evidence exclude the possibility that the surface rupture belongs to the rupturing of a secondary structure.This paper suggests doing more work on the active fault that controls the Caobo Quaternary depression.     

Textual Research on the Historical Data of the 1573 AD Minxian Earthquake in Gansu Province and Discussion on Its Seismogenic Structure

According to the detailed study of the historical earthquake records and causative structure of the Minxian M61/2 earthquake in 1573 A.D., we have found that the most grievous disaster area lies nearby the Minxian county seat (Minzhou county at that time). So, we have identified the extremely seismic area of the 1573 A.D. The Minxian M61/2 earthquake was located in Minxian city, the intensity of the meizoseismal region is Ⅷ～Ⅸ, the epicenter is 34.4°N, 104.0°E, the location precision is Ⅱ and the deviation of location is less than or equal to 25km. Tectonically, this area lies in the transition region of stress transfer and structural transform between the east Kunlun fault and the northern margin of the west Qinling fault.The differential activity of the Lintan-Dangchang fault zone is obvious, and only parts of the segment put up Holocene activity. There are landslides and rock bursts of different sizes in the meizoseismal region. By integrated analysis, we conclude that the Minxian-Dangchang segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault is the seismogenic structure of the 1573 A.D. M61/2 Minxian earthquake, in Gansu Province.     

Seismogenic tectonics of the Qian-Gorlos earthquake in Jilin Province,China

The Qian-Gorlos earthquake, which occurred in the Songliao basin in Jilin Province in 1119 AD, was the largest earthquake to occur in NE China before the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. Based on historical records and surface geological investigations, it has been suggested previously that the earthquake epicenter was in the Longkeng area. However, other workers have considered the epicenter to be in the Halamaodu area based on the landslides and faults found in this region. No seismogenic structure has yet been found in either of these two regions. We tried to detect active faults in the urban areas of Songyuan City, where the historical earthquake was probably located. One of the aims of this work was to clarify the seismogenic structure so that the seismic risk in the city could be more accurately evaluated. The area was investigated and analyzed using information from remote sensing and topographic surveys, seismic data from petroleum exploration, shallow seismic profiles, exploratory geological trenches on fault outcrops, and borehole data. The geophysical data did not reveal any evidence of faults cutting through Cretaceous or later strata under the Longkeng scarp, which has been suggested to be structural evidence of the Qian-Gorlos earthquake. The continuous fault surfaces on the back edge of terraces in the Halamaodu area stretch for >3.5 km and were probably formed by tectonic activity. However, results from shallow seismic profiles showed that the faults did not extend downward, with the corresponding deep structure being identified as a gentle kink band. A new reverse fault was found to the west of the two suggested epicenters, which presented as a curvilinear fault extending to the west, and was formed by two groups of NE- and NW-trending faults intersecting the Gudian fault. Three-dimensional seismic and shallow seismic data from petroleum exploration revealed its distinct spatial distribution and showed that the fault may cut through Late Quaternary strata. Exploration boreholes and later geomorphological studies provided further proof of this. Based on these results and analysis, the Gudian fault was confirmed as having been an active fault since the Late Quaternary, with the possibility of earthquakes of magnitude >7 in the future. The Qian-Gorlos earthquake was most probably the result of breakage on one or two sections of this 66-km-long fault.     

2012年6月24日宁蒗—盐源5.7级地震的发震构造浅析

本文在分析2012年6月24日宁蒗—盐源5.7级地震的震源机制解、余震特征、震害分布基础上,结合区域第四纪地层分布成因特征、区域地质构造特征以及对三维卫星遥感影像进行断层地貌解译分析,认为此次5.7级地震是北西向永宁断裂正断为主活动的结果.该断裂在影像上线性延伸,断层崖发育,其晚第四纪活动性对建立区域新构造变形模式的意义有待进一步研究.     

Research on the Historical Data of the 1585 A. D. South Chaoxian Earthquake and Its Seismogenic Structure

In 1585, a Ms53/4 earthquake occurred in the south of Chaoxian county, Anhui Province. The parameters of this earthquake were reported differently in various versions of earthquake catalogues. According to detailed textual research on the historic records of this earthquake, the epicenter location of the earthquake was further confirmed by means of seismo-geological field investigations in the Chaohu-Tongling region along the western Yangtze River valleys. Shallow seismic prospecting and drilling methods were applied in studying the buried fault. The possibility of the existence of seismogenic faults and fault activity in the western Yangtze River area were analyzed in depth, and the causative tectonic background of the 1585 Ms53/4 south Chaoxian earthquake was studied. The results of this study indicate that the Yanjiaqiao-Fengshahu fault, which was active in the early to mid-Pleistocene, is possibly the causative structure of this earthquake.To identifying the seismogenic structure of the 1585 south Chaoxian earthquake will help gain more knowledge about the tectonic background of moderate and small earthquake activity in Eastern China.     

Research on the Tectonic Environment and Seismogenic Mechanism of the 1927 Gulang Great Earthquake with M=8.0

In this paper, we discussed the seismotectonic environment of the deep-seated and shallowcrust and seismological and geological model caused the 1927 Gulang great earthquake, basedon the recent research concerning about the active fault, surface rupture, fault planesolution, seismic activity, as well as the deep geophysical exploration data analysis in theepicentral area.The result shows that the 1927 Gulang great earthquake was caused by NE-SW-strikingcompressional thrusting. It was a latest event occurred in the reverse fault-folding belt thatdeveloped along the intracrustal decollement.     

1306年宁夏固原地震考证与发震构造探讨

根据历史地震资料重新考证和野外实地调查结果,圈定的1306年宁夏固原地震重破坏区(Ⅷ度区)位于固原、开城和朝那一带,极震区(Ⅸ～X度)位于固原开城附近,其震级达7级左右.地震重破坏区长轴方向为NNW向,大致与该区六盘山东麓断裂的固原—和尚铺段相吻合,该段断裂为全新世活动的左旋逆冲断裂,局部段残存有类似地震破裂带遗迹,推测与本次地震有关.     

四川较场弧形构造与1933年叠溪地震发震构造的再讨论

较场弧形构造是四川众多弧形构造带之一。本文对该弧形构造的特征及其西冀发育的松平沟断裂的新活动性作了进一步论证，确认松平沟断裂属全新世活动断裂。该弧形构造西翼弧顶部位1933年曾发生过叠溪7．5级地城,丧人对该次地震的发震构造众说纷纭。作者通过近年来在现场的多次考察，并对该次地震的等烈度线形态，地表震害展布特征，建筑物沿松平沟断裂的左旋位错，震后持表发育的西北向地震地裂缝等现象的进一步研究认为，1933年叠溪7．5级地震的发展震构造仍为较场弧形构造西翼的松平沟断裂。     

山西地震带中小震精确位置及其显示的山西地震构造特征

利用山西1981-2001年模拟观测台网和2002-2008年间数字地震台网的震相数据,采用绝对定位方法和双差相对地震定位方法对山西及其周边地区中小地震进行了精确重新定位.结果表明:(1)重新精确定位后,震中水平误差≤5 km的地震由原来65.8％提高到86.2％;7498次原始无震源深度的地震取得了深度结果.(2)精确定位后震中分布格局与原始结果相比变化不大,绝大多数地震集中在中部断陷盆地带内,两侧隆起区则相对较少,与山西地质构造的区域性和成带性相吻合;震源深度北浅南深,存在由北向南逐渐加深的特点.(3)重定位结果可以大致勾勒出各构造盆地发震层下界,较清晰地分辨出断陷盆地、盆间隆起的位置.(4)地震深度分布与盆山构造形态有较好的相关性.     

10余年来甘肃省中强地震的发震构造特征

归纳总结了1995年以来甘肃省所发生的9次Ms5．0以上破坏性地震的发震构造特征，综合分析了其共性和个性特点。结果表明：所发生的中强破坏性地震大多位于活动性较弱的次级活动断裂带上或主干活动断裂带边缘，其分布具有时间上的分段性、空间上的分区性和迁移性特点，并具有从山前向盆地内部扩展的发展趋势。     

Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 1933

The Jiaochang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.     

Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 19331

The Jiaocbang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on-the-spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left-lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NWtrending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.     

2016年1月9日河北怀来ML3.4震群发震构造分析

本文采用模板识别匹配滤波方法检测2016年1月9日河北怀来M_L3.4震群序列目录中遗漏的地震事件,并加入波形互相关信息对震相到时进行校正,采用盖革法进行精确定位。重新定位后震群震中呈NEE向分布,与怀涿次级盆地北缘断裂走向一致,并主要集中在该断裂的小水峪-黄土窑段。震群中最大地震M_L3.4的P波初动解的一个节面走向与精定位后震中展布和断裂的走向基本一致,可推测怀涿次级盆地北缘断裂可能为怀来M_L3.4震群的发震构造。震中集中分布的怀涿次级盆地北缘断裂的小水峪-黄土窑段属5个分段中滑动速率最大的段落,分析认为该震群可能是由断层慢滑动引起的。     

对古浪8级大震孕育和发生的构造环境及发震模型的讨论

通过近年来对古良８级大震的震源机制解、震区活动构造、地震活动性及深部地球物理资料的研究,进一步探讨古良大震孕育和发生的、浅部地质构造环境和地震地质模型。研究结果认为,古浪地震是在北东－南西向挤压应力作用下,造山前陆逆断层沿深部低角度滑脱带产生逆冲－推覆运动形成的最新活动结果。     

以形变观测为约束的芦山M_S7.0地震孕震机理数值模拟研究

本文以2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震前后在震中附近开展的形变观测研究结果为约束,利用震区天然地震成像、大地电磁测深、人工地震探测剖面、余震精确定位、震源破裂过程、地质考察、GPS观测、构造应力场等结果,建立了芦山地震震中及邻近地区的深浅部构造二维有限元数值模型,探讨了青藏高原向东挤出运动、区域地形特征、地壳内低速带和滑脱面、震区主要断裂带活动等可能因素对芦山地震孕育和破裂的控制作用.模拟结果显示,汶川地震后的青藏高原东部物质相对四川盆地运动速率增大是引发或加快芦山地震发生的主要动力学控制因素,龙门山断裂带西侧上中地壳内部低速带和滑脱面的存在是控制芦山地震震源位置的重要条件,其他因素则是控制龙门山断裂带长时间尺度区域构造活动的动力学因素;同时本文给出了主震破裂为复杂"y"型双破裂面的同震位移,模拟计算的地表垂直位移与观测结果一致,进一步支持了余震精确定位提出的主震为"y"型破裂面的推测.     

2019年10月2日贵州沿河MS4.9地震震害特征及发震构造分析

贵州沿河M_S4.9地震发生在历史地震强度较低的上扬子地块凤冈SN向隔槽式褶皱变形区。通过地震地质背景分析、震害调查、震源机制解、断层调查和库区水位变化情况等,得到主要认识如下:由于震源深度浅、灾区老旧自建房抗震性能差,导致本次地震直接经济损失严重;本次地震主震的机制解为节面Ⅰ:走向61°/倾角35°/滑动角135°,节面Ⅱ:走向190°/倾角66°/滑动角63°,表现为走向NE、逆冲兼平移型运动方式;结合等震线走向及震中主要断层性质,判断NE向沿河断层为本次地震主震的发震构造,并进一步推测此次地震为水库诱发断层活化引起的地震。