地震活动图像有序演化对7级以上地震的预测意义

7级以上地震是对人类的生命及财产威胁极大的地震.中国地震局监测预报司“十二五”地震预报规划中指出:“1950年以来造成千人以上死亡的地震均为7级以上地震.因此,从减轻地震灾害的角度,今后5-10年地震预测预报研究和地震预测预报工作的首要任务和目标,是开展7级以上地震的长中短临预测预报探索、并在能够达到的科学认识的条件下最大限度地为政府和社会的防震减灾服务.”     

鲜水河地震带和松潘、龙门山地震带可能发生5级以上地震的模糊聚类分析

本文对鲜水河地震带和松潘、龙门山地震带未来半年内是否能发生5级以上的地震进行了多因子模糊聚类分析。介绍了应用系统模糊聚类分析方法的具体步骤。根据各单项预报手段预报效能的清理结果,选用了9项地震活动性及前兆手段为指标,分别建立了鲜水河地震带和松潘、龙门山地震带31个时段的半年预报样本。利用这些样本分别对两地震带半年内是否可能发生5级以上地震进行了模糊聚类分析判断,并对其预报效能作了评分。结果表明用模糊聚类分析方法进行综合预报的预报评分值明显高于各单项手段的预报评分值。     

断层总面积方法在新疆北天山地震带的应用

在北天山地震带,利用区域台网Ms2.8—4.9级地震观测结果计算断层总面积∑(t)值,并根此预报附近地区的5级以上地震。结果表明,在16年研究时段内,共出现9次异常,它们分别与其后短期内发生的8组(共14次)5次以上地震相对应。统计评分R值为0.47,说明方法含有一定地震信息,具有中短期预报效能。     

基于Molchan检验的时变重力场地震预报效能评价

地震前的区域重力场变化信号是判断年度地震危险性的依据之一.本文基于陆地时变重力观测获得的中国大陆西部重力场变化结果,采用Molchan检验方法对2018—2021年间中国大陆西部的12次5级以上地震前的重力场变化预报效能进行评价.研究结果表明：现有陆地时变重力测量得到的3年尺度重力变化结果,对于未来1年的5级以上地震风险具有独立的预报效能,明显高于泊松概率;时变重力水平总梯度作为定量表征重力场空间变化特征的指标,Moclchan检验结果显示其预报效能优于时变重力信号;发生在南北地震带的2019年张掖5.0级地震,夏河5.7级地震和2020年巧家5.0级地震Molchan检验的效果更好,这可能与南北地震带地区重力测网覆盖程度更好有关.本文研究结果客观和定量地评估时变重力场的预报能力具有重要意义,也可以为优化地震预测指标体系的建立提供一定的参考.     

北天山地震带测震学预测方案初探

基于测震学A6值、地震异常变化及空区等,对新疆北天山地震带1970年以来5级以上地震进行了系统分析,形成了该区中强震初步预测方案,即:新疆北天山地震带西区Ab值低于均值半年,东区A6值低于均值3年;出现3级以上地震空区;2°×2°异型区内地震异常增强;出现6个月以上地震平静,就可综合考虑作出5级以上地震的预报.     

对1989年1991年山西地区3次5级以上地震预报的回顾

1989、1991年，山西发生了大同－阳高6.1、忻州5.1和大同－阳高5.8级3次5级以上地震（不含余震），有对大同－阳高2次地震普提出明确的中期预报意见。山西省地震局在中期预报的基础上，对1991年1月29日忻州5.1级、3月26日大同－阳高5.8级地震分别做出了一定程度的短期或临震预报，本文对这3次地震的预报过程做了简要的回顾。     

对滇南地震带地震预报问题的讨论

本文根据地震分布及地质构造确定了滇南地震带的范围,研究了该带1971年至1980年小震活动,着重分析了三次中强震前的异常特征,发现一些常用测震学预报方法在几次地震之前的异常形态一致,每次地震之前几种方法的异常时间同步,从而提出该带5级以上地震的中短期预报指标为:在应变积累已达到相当于5级以上地震的背景下,应变释放连续四个月以上加速,平均释放速率达到0.3×16(?)/月以上,M_L≥2.5的月频度达到8次以上,月最大震级超过4级,“断层面总面积”半年积累超过70,小震活动表现为密集——平静——回升之后,该带在1—2个月内可能发生5级以上地震。     

中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力

对我国现行地震重力监测网和中国地壳运动观测网络工程实施后形成的中国地震重力监测体系的结构和能力进行了评估,得到的主要结论有:① 现行的地震重力监测网对5级左右地震有较好的监测预报能力,但对6级以上强震因测网范围太小而无此能力;② 网络工程实施后的中国地震重力监测体系,对7级以上大震有较好的监测预报能力,但对6级左右至7级地震,因测点太稀而分辨能力不足．      

江苏地区地磁变化和三个5级以上的地震磁效应

自1979年以来,江苏地区地磁总强度和垂直分量台网已进行了十年的观测和试验.在上述时间内共获得三个5级以上的地震磁效应.十年观测结果表明,本区在没有发生5级以上地震的期间,地磁垂直分量也未出现过异常变化.本文认为,在中低纬度地区,用较密集的连续观测垂直分量台网来捕捉地震磁异常,有可能改善地磁方法预报5级以上地震的效果和作用.      

华蓥山断裂带地震活动特征分析

通过对华蓥山断裂带5级以上地震以及现今中小地震活动性的分析,认识了该地区背景性和区域性的地震活动特征,认为该断裂带南段是地震活动的主体,尤其是宜宾地区地震活动较频繁,中段、北段次之。总结得到的5级以上地震的“平静—活跃”时段分布特征,3级以上地震的“弱活动—增强”规律,以及2019年长宁M_S6.0地震发生后应变能释放速率加速现象,均可为该地区5级以上地震预测预报提供参考依据。      

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.