夏季北半球500hPa月平均场遥相关型及其与我国季风降水异常的关系

用一点相关法计算了盛夏北半球５００ｈＰａ遥相关型，得到７月份北半球存在７个遥相关型，８月份有６个遥相关型。研究了它们的中心，计算了各遥相关型的历年强度指数（１９５１－１９９０），研究了它们的年际变化、月际变化。指出７月份的东亚太平洋型、北美东西遥相关型；８月份的ＥＡＰ型、欧亚型与我国盛夏季风降水关系密切。１９９１年夏季发生的弱ＥＡＰ型是江淮流域大涝的一个重要原因。     

北半球4月500hPa平均场遥相关型与我省秋季降水异常的关系及其物理机制初探

北半球４月５００ｈＰａ平均场遥相关型与我省秋季降水异常的关系及其物理机制初探韩照宇（山西省气象科学研究所０３０００２）提要本文从春季４月北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均高度场存在的５个遥相关型［１］出发，计算了１９５１～１９９０年各遥相关型的逐年强度指数，研...     

北半球4月500hPa平均场遥相关型与我省秋季降水异常的的关系及其物理机制

本文从春季４月北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均高度场存在的５个遥相关型出发，计算了１９５１－１９９０年各遥相关型的逐年强度指数，研究了强度指数与我省交年秋季降水的关系，并地其物理机制作了初步探讨。结果表明，４月５００ｈＰａ的西太平洋型（ＷＰ）、太平洋北美型（ＰＮＡ）的强弱，与我省次年秋季大范围旱涝关系密切，而且物理机制较为清楚。     

大洋东侧遥相关波列与青岛冬季气温

利用１９５１～１９９６年的历史资料,逐月计算北半球５个主要遥相关型的波列指数及与大气中ＰＮＡ结构相类似的北太平洋海温场的ＰＴＩ指数,进而对１～２月份青岛市冬季的月平均气温进行相关普查。计算表明,两大洋东侧的遥相关结构和波型,对来年青岛市冬季１～２月份气温有比较好的指示意义：５月份太平洋东侧的ＰＮＡ型结构（ＰＴＩ指数）与来年１月青岛市平均气温呈同向相关,７月份大西洋东侧的ＥＡ型波列指数与来年２月青岛市平均气温呈反向相关。     

北半球早春30hPa遥相关型特征,起因及其与赤道海温异常

根据１９５８￣１９９１年资料，用一点相关法得到了３、４月北半球３０ｈＰａ月平均高度场遥相关型，研究了它们的指数特征、起因及其与后期赤道东太平洋厄尔尼诺事件的联系。     

北半球冬季遥相关型环流异常的若干性质

用１９５１－１９８５年间北半球冬季７００，５００，１００ｈＰａ月平均位势高度场，分析了Ｗａｌｌａｃｅ等提出的５个遥相关型所对应的环流异常和它们的性质，发现它们在对流层中下部是相当正压结构，在对流层上部减弱消失，某些遥相关型（如ＥＵ，ＰＮＡ）环流异常存在明显；主要遥相关型环流异常的持续时间约为一个月。     

500hPa高度场遥相关型与广东降水的关系

应用1956－2000年资料，从500hPa高度场上的相关性出发，找出了北半球（4－6月）的高度场上遥相关型，计算了它们的强度指数并分析了各遥相关型与广东降水的相关尤其是与中山市降水的关系，发现4月北太平洋型和6月北大西洋型及西大西洋型遥相关型与广东尤其是中山的降水有密切关系，而6月的西大西洋遥相关型对广东降水有很好的预测作用。     

大气遥相关与湖北省温度及降水异常的关系

利用已定义的遥相关强度指数公式,分别计算了１９５１－１９９５年北半球５００ｈＰａ夏季和冬季（１２、１、２月）的遥相关强度指数,同时计算了湖北省１０个代表站温度距平、降水距平百分率与各遥相关型的相关系数。结果表明,对湖北省温度有影响的遥相关型主要有１２月的ＥＵＰ指数、７月的ＮＡＥＷ指数;对湖北省降水有影响的遥相关型主要有冬季的ＰＮＡ、ＥＵＰ指数等。     

冬、夏季青藏高原地面加热场激发的500hPa遥相关型

本文用青藏高原地面加热场强度来表征高原的加热状况，并用统计的方法，分析了冬季（２月）和夏季（７月）青藏高原地面加热场强度与同期５００ｈＰａ位势高度的遥相关关系，得到如下结论：冬季高原地面加热场可激发北半球５００ｈＰａ产生遥相关型，这种遥相关型可看成是二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列由低纬向东北方向传播；夏季高原地面加热场可激发北半球５００ｈＰａ产生类似于ＥＵ型的遥相关，这种遥相关型可看成二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列由     

1980～1983年低纬西太平洋、印度洋地区低频振荡的空间型和遥相关分析

利用１９８０年１月～１９８３年１２月已滤波的ＯＬＲ资料，采用经验正交函数分析方法，对１９８０～１９８１年（正常年）和１９８２～１９８３年（异常年）低纬西太平洋和印度洋地区低频振荡的空间分布及遥相关特征进行了研究．结果表明：正常年与异常年，这些地区低频振荡的强度、空间型及时间系数的变化有较大的差异．此外，还发现正常年这些地区存在３种低频遥相关，即赤道西太平洋型，北热带西太平洋型和赤道印度洋型；异常年则仅存在２种低频遥相关，即赤道西太平洋型和南热带西太平洋型．由于受厄尔尼诺事件的影响，东西向偶极型低频振荡中心的位置和强度都有很大的变化     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.