伊犁地区畜牧气象灾害灰色关联分析综合评估

应用灰色系统理论关联分析的原理和方法地新疆犁地区的历年畜牧气象灾害进行了分析，讨论了灰色关联分析在畜牧气象灾害综合评估中的应用，并对未来的年份做了评估，结果表明进行了关联分析，计算简单，依照历年的关联度排序所进行的评估，结果准确，可靠性大，并可避免单一指标评估的弊端和偏差。     

重大气象灾害服务效益评估系统设计与业务应用

分析了重大气象灾害服务效益评估的特点,构建了重大气象灾害服务效益评估模型、评估指标和评估流程,从气象预报准确率评估、预报服务覆盖率评估、政府决策部门反馈措施评估、服务效益综合评估报告等4个方面对重大气象灾害效益进行综合评估,以Asp.Net为平台开发出了基于B/S(Browser/Server)结构的重大气象灾害服务效益评估业务系统。并以2008年低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害为例进行了业务应用评估,为公共气象服务中针对重大气象灾害服务效益评估业务提供了工具。     

浅谈气象灾害及其防御

概述了气象及其次生、衍生灾害的内涵及其主要特点；介绍了气象灾害评估的内容和有关方法，从气象灾害监测预报业务系统、社会公共防灾减突系统、社会保障安全系统建设方面，对建立气象防灾减灾体系进行了思考,提出了关于建立综合防突减灾体系的建议。     

农业气象灾害风险评估研究进展与展望

农业气象灾害风险研究既是灾害学和农业气象学领域中研究的热点, 又是当前政府相关管理部门和农业生产部门亟需的应用性较强的课题。农业气象灾害风险评估的理论和方法进展很快, 但尚没有文献对相关研究做出较为系统的论述。为全面了解农业气象灾害风险评估的研究现状, 在综合分析近30年来相关文献的基础上, 对农业气象灾害风险评估方面所取得的研究成果进行了总结和评述, 指出了当前研究的一些不足, 并对今后农业气象灾害风险评估研究的趋势进行了展望。首先对农业气象灾害风险评估研究的历史进行了回顾;重点阐述了农业气象灾害风险评估的主要内容, 包括致灾因子的危险性评估, 承灾体脆弱或易损性评估, 灾情期望损失评估和灾害风险综合评估;归纳出农业气象灾害风险评估研究中采用的3类主要方法——基于指标的综合评估方法、基于数据的概率评估方法以及基于情景模拟的评估方法;最后对农业气象灾害风险评估目前存在的问题和未来可能的研究方向进行了探讨。     

气象灾害层次评估理论框架研究

本文主要提出了新的气象灾害层次评估理论框架。首先界定气象灾害评估的内涵与外延,然后把气象灾害评估划分为技术、模型与系统三个层次,依据区域灾害系统理论和上述界定分别构筑各个层次的气象灾害评估理论框架。     

新书介绍

畜牧气象灾害及防御对策邓子风主编1991年7月气象出版社出版本书是在新疆基本气候背景下,讨论了积雪、寒潮、大风、降水、高温、干旱等天气过程的基本规律,对畜牧气象灾害的类型、指标、成灾原因,预测及防御对策等问题作了系统的总结,并对畜牧气象灾害基本情况与灾害成因、出现规律及分类特征等的     

“畜牧气象灾害及防御对策”一书正式出版

“畜牧气象灾害及防御对策”一书,由新疆气象局气象科学研究所邓子风主编,气象出版社出版.该书系统总结了近年来畜牧气象灾害的研究成果和牧区广大气象工作者的丰富工作经验.内容包括:新疆自然地理、气候、畜牧业概况、积雪、寒潮、大风、降水、高温、低温干旱等天气过程的基本规律及其预报方法,畜牧气象灾害的类型、指标、成灾原     

近十年国家级农业气象灾害预报评估业务技术进展

近十年来,伴随农业气象灾害监测评估理论的发展,数值模拟技术、遥感监测技术和现代信息技术的综合应用,以及智能网格气象要素预报在农业气象灾害监测预报业务中的落地,促进了农业气象灾害预报评估业务的精细化、动态化和定量化水平,为农业防灾减损、稳产增产发挥了重要作用。介绍了近十年来定量化农业气象灾害评估技术以及动态化、精细化农业气象灾害预报技术的主要研发成果以及在业务服务中的应用,并展望未来发展,以期为农业气象灾害预报评估业务的进一步发展提供借鉴和参考。     

我国农业气象灾害评估研究现状和发展方向

介绍了当前我国农业气象灾害评估中常用的方法和研究成果,对综合模型评估、作物模型评估和灾害风险评估等方法进行了评价,认为目前农业气象灾害评估中存在的主要问题有定量评估能力仍显不足、作物机理模型应用有待加强及灾害风险评价理论和方法有待完善等,未来的发展趋势主要是作物模型的应用将加强、农业气象灾害风险评估将进一步完善和综合评估技术向多元化发展等。     

我国农业气象灾害评估研究现状和发展方向

介绍了当前我国农业气象灾害评估中常用的方法和研究成果,对综合模型评估、作物模型评估和灾害风险评估等方法进行了评价,认为目前农业气象灾害评估中存在的主要问题有定量评估能力仍显不足、作物机理模型应用有待加强及灾害风险评价理论和方法有待完善等,未来的发展趋势主要是作物模型的应用将加强、农业气象灾害风险评估将进一步完善和综合评估技术向多元化发展等。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Retrieval of outgoing longwave radiation from COMS narrowband infrared imagery

Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;