伊犁地区畜牧气象灾害灰色关联分析综合评估

应用灰色系统理论关联分析的原理和方法地新疆犁地区的历年畜牧气象灾害进行了分析，讨论了灰色关联分析在畜牧气象灾害综合评估中的应用，并对未来的年份做了评估，结果表明进行了关联分析，计算简单，依照历年的关联度排序所进行的评估，结果准确，可靠性大，并可避免单一指标评估的弊端和偏差。     

重大气象灾害服务效益评估系统设计与业务应用

分析了重大气象灾害服务效益评估的特点,构建了重大气象灾害服务效益评估模型、评估指标和评估流程,从气象预报准确率评估、预报服务覆盖率评估、政府决策部门反馈措施评估、服务效益综合评估报告等4个方面对重大气象灾害效益进行综合评估,以Asp.Net为平台开发出了基于B/S(Browser/Server)结构的重大气象灾害服务效益评估业务系统。并以2008年低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害为例进行了业务应用评估,为公共气象服务中针对重大气象灾害服务效益评估业务提供了工具。     

浅谈气象灾害及其防御

概述了气象及其次生、衍生灾害的内涵及其主要特点；介绍了气象灾害评估的内容和有关方法，从气象灾害监测预报业务系统、社会公共防灾减突系统、社会保障安全系统建设方面，对建立气象防灾减灾体系进行了思考,提出了关于建立综合防突减灾体系的建议。     

农业气象灾害风险评估研究进展与展望

农业气象灾害风险研究既是灾害学和农业气象学领域中研究的热点, 又是当前政府相关管理部门和农业生产部门亟需的应用性较强的课题。农业气象灾害风险评估的理论和方法进展很快, 但尚没有文献对相关研究做出较为系统的论述。为全面了解农业气象灾害风险评估的研究现状, 在综合分析近30年来相关文献的基础上, 对农业气象灾害风险评估方面所取得的研究成果进行了总结和评述, 指出了当前研究的一些不足, 并对今后农业气象灾害风险评估研究的趋势进行了展望。首先对农业气象灾害风险评估研究的历史进行了回顾;重点阐述了农业气象灾害风险评估的主要内容, 包括致灾因子的危险性评估, 承灾体脆弱或易损性评估, 灾情期望损失评估和灾害风险综合评估;归纳出农业气象灾害风险评估研究中采用的3类主要方法——基于指标的综合评估方法、基于数据的概率评估方法以及基于情景模拟的评估方法;最后对农业气象灾害风险评估目前存在的问题和未来可能的研究方向进行了探讨。     

气象灾害层次评估理论框架研究

本文主要提出了新的气象灾害层次评估理论框架。首先界定气象灾害评估的内涵与外延,然后把气象灾害评估划分为技术、模型与系统三个层次,依据区域灾害系统理论和上述界定分别构筑各个层次的气象灾害评估理论框架。     

新书介绍

畜牧气象灾害及防御对策邓子风主编1991年7月气象出版社出版本书是在新疆基本气候背景下,讨论了积雪、寒潮、大风、降水、高温、干旱等天气过程的基本规律,对畜牧气象灾害的类型、指标、成灾原因,预测及防御对策等问题作了系统的总结,并对畜牧气象灾害基本情况与灾害成因、出现规律及分类特征等的     

“畜牧气象灾害及防御对策”一书正式出版

“畜牧气象灾害及防御对策”一书,由新疆气象局气象科学研究所邓子风主编,气象出版社出版.该书系统总结了近年来畜牧气象灾害的研究成果和牧区广大气象工作者的丰富工作经验.内容包括:新疆自然地理、气候、畜牧业概况、积雪、寒潮、大风、降水、高温、低温干旱等天气过程的基本规律及其预报方法,畜牧气象灾害的类型、指标、成灾原     

近十年国家级农业气象灾害预报评估业务技术进展

近十年来,伴随农业气象灾害监测评估理论的发展,数值模拟技术、遥感监测技术和现代信息技术的综合应用,以及智能网格气象要素预报在农业气象灾害监测预报业务中的落地,促进了农业气象灾害预报评估业务的精细化、动态化和定量化水平,为农业防灾减损、稳产增产发挥了重要作用。介绍了近十年来定量化农业气象灾害评估技术以及动态化、精细化农业气象灾害预报技术的主要研发成果以及在业务服务中的应用,并展望未来发展,以期为农业气象灾害预报评估业务的进一步发展提供借鉴和参考。     

我国农业气象灾害评估研究现状和发展方向

介绍了当前我国农业气象灾害评估中常用的方法和研究成果,对综合模型评估、作物模型评估和灾害风险评估等方法进行了评价,认为目前农业气象灾害评估中存在的主要问题有定量评估能力仍显不足、作物机理模型应用有待加强及灾害风险评价理论和方法有待完善等,未来的发展趋势主要是作物模型的应用将加强、农业气象灾害风险评估将进一步完善和综合评估技术向多元化发展等。     

我国农业气象灾害评估研究现状和发展方向

介绍了当前我国农业气象灾害评估中常用的方法和研究成果,对综合模型评估、作物模型评估和灾害风险评估等方法进行了评价,认为目前农业气象灾害评估中存在的主要问题有定量评估能力仍显不足、作物机理模型应用有待加强及灾害风险评价理论和方法有待完善等,未来的发展趋势主要是作物模型的应用将加强、农业气象灾害风险评估将进一步完善和综合评估技术向多元化发展等。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.