箱式超大型浮体结构在规则波中的水弹性响应研究

利用三维线性水弹性理论研究了箱式超大型浮体结构在正弦规则波中的动力响应，用Bernoulli-Euler梁解析解计算结构在真空中的动力特性，用弹性体三维势流理论计算结构的水动力系数，浮体结构在单位波幅规则波中的刚体运动幅值与DNV／WADAM程序的计算结果进行了比较，并给出了垂向弯曲模态的位移，弯矩随波浪频率的变化规律，由于箱式浮体结构的低阶固有频率很低，相应的弹性振型的响应与刚体运动耦合，结构在波浪中没有发现明显的低阶弹性模态谐振。     

基于谱分析法的超大型浮体疲劳强度分析

运用ANSYS/AQWA对某超大型浮体平台进行水动力响应计算和结构响应分析,在此基础上选择3个典型疲劳热点区域建立有限元子模型,求出各区域的热点应力传递函数。依据谱分析法的疲劳计算流程对危险节点进行疲劳分析,计算疲劳损伤和寿命。分析结果表明,横浪时对平台造成的疲劳损伤最大。横撑与下浮体围壁连接处以及立柱外壳与上箱体底板连接处这两处的疲劳寿命不满足设计要求。建议对该结构连接处进行改进或重新设计。     

不同干结构模型对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响

三维线性水弹性力学利用结构在真空中弹性振型的正交性 ,对结构振动进行模态分析 ,用弹性体三维势流理论计算结构的水动力系数。因此 ,结构的干模态计算是十分重要的。应用三维线性水弹性理论研究箱式超大型浮体结构在波浪中的动力响应时 ,分别采用梁模型和三维空间有限元模型计算结构的干模态 ,并且采用同样的水动力模型 (弹性体三维势流理论 )研究了不同干结构模型对结构水弹性响应的影响     

Reduction of hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure by a floating oscillating-water-column breakwater system

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) placed behind a reverse T-shape freely floating breakwater with a built-in oscillating water column (OWC) chamber are analyzed in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation is coupled with the equations of rigid and elastic motions of the breakwater and the VLFS. The interaction of waves between the floating rigid breakwater and the elastic VLFS is formulated in a consistent manner. It has been shown numerically that the structural deflections of the VLFS can be reduced significantly by a suitably designed reverse T-shape floating breakwater.     

Hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure over a variable bottom topography

An influence of sea-bottom topography on the hydroelastic response of a Very Large Floating Structure (VLFS) is considered. When the floating structure is constructed near the shore, the sea-bottom topographical effect should be considered. In this study, the effect of sea-bottom topography is investigated for four different bottom cases. To calculate the sea-bottom effects rigorously, the finite-element method based on the variational formulation is used in the fluid domain. The pontoon-type floating structure is modeled as the Kirchhoff plate. The mode superposition method is adopted for the hydroelastic behavior of the floating structure.     

Regulatory setting for very large floating platforms in Hawaii

This paper provides an overview of the regulatory regimes pertinent to operating very large floating platforms (VLFPs) in Hawaii. Coastal and offshore jurisdictions are defined and key county, state and federal authorities and responsibilities are described. Forty applicable state and federal laws are cited. Special consideration is given to marine management areas, state claims for extended jurisdiction, native Hawaiian entitlements, submerged lands, ocean leasing, water quality areas and the humpback whale national marine sanctuary. VLFPs in Hawaii probably will have to be deployed offshore, out of sight of scenic coastal viewplanes, to assure public acceptance. However, offshore positioning is coincident with a simpler regulatory regime (federal) and lowered regulatory uncertainty and risk. The unambiguous delimitation of the seaward extent of state jurisdiction may well be the paramount regulatory issue requiring resolution for deciding where to site a VLFP in Hawaii.     

Nonlinear hydroelastic analysis of a moored floating body

By integration of the second-order fluid pressure over the instantaneous wetted surface, the generalized first- and second-order fluid forces used in nonlinear hydroelastic analysis are obtained. The expressions for coefficients of the generalized first- and second-order hydrodynamic forces in irregular waves are also given. The coefficients of the restoring forces of a mooring system acting on a flexible floating body are presented. The linear and nonlinear three-dimensional hydroelastic equations of motion of a moored floating body in frequency domain are established. These equations include the second-order forces, induced by the rigid body rotations of large amplitudes in high waves, the variation of the instantaneous wetted surface and the coupling of the first order wave potentials. The first-order and second-order principal coordinates of the hydrelastic vibration of a moored floating body are calculated. The frequency characteristics of the principal coordinates are discussed. The numerical results indicate that the rigid resonance and the coupling resonance of a moored floating body can occur in low frequency domain while the flexible resonance can occur in high frequency domain. The hydroelastic responses of a moored box-type barge are also given in this paper. The effects of the second-order forces on the modes are investigated in detail.     

Evaluation of bending moments and shear forces at unit connections of very large floating structures using hydroelastic and rigid body analyses

This paper investigates the characteristics of bending moments, shear forces and stresses at unit connections of very large floating structures (VLFS) under wave loads. The responses of VLFS are calculated by solving multi-body motion equation considering hydroelasticity and connection stiffness. Hydroelastic responses are calculated by the direct method. Higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is used for fluid analysis and finite element method (FEM) is introduced for structural analysis. The equation of motion is modified to describe the unit connections by employing spring elements. Bending moments and shear forces at the connections are obtained from the dynamic equilibrium condition for pressures and inertia forces. Two types of VLFS units such as tandem arranged units and side-by-side arranged units are considered in the numerical examples. The influences of connection stiffness, wave frequency and heading angle on responses of VLFS are investigated through the numerical examples. Rigid body analysis along with hydroelastic analysis is also carried out in the numerical analysis and comparison of those two approaches is discussed.     

基于CFD-FEM的浮式结构水弹性响应数值模拟

开发并验证了一种基于CFD-FEM耦合的弹性浮体水弹性响应计算模拟方法。采用CFD方法建立黏性数值水池模拟非线性波浪,弹性浮板进行有限元离散,并在交界面进行数据交互实现耦合计算;通过与水池试验数据和三维板理论在各种波浪环境下的浮体垂向位移结果对比,证实CFD-FEM耦合方法的有效性。并进一步研究了浮板的厚度、入射波波幅和浮板的三维效应对浮板水弹性响应的影响。结论表明,波幅的增加会加剧弹性浮板的水弹性响应,浮板各点处的垂向位移随波幅的增加而增大;当浮板厚度改变时,不同厚度浮板自由端处的垂向位移差异较小,而在中部等位置处,厚度对浮板的水弹性响应有较大的影响。     

超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程需要解决的关键技术问题

在我国研制和开发超大型海洋海式结构物（ＶＬＦＳ）对本世纪河北省工程的持续发展具有极为深远的战略意义。为了在我国研制和开发ＶＬＦＳ,首先必须要表楚在超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程中需要解决的关键技术问题。本文通过对国际上大量文献的阅读和消化并经归纳和整理,从六个方面提出了需要研究解决的问题：（１）概念设计,（２）动力特性预报,（３）设计和建造,（４）可服役性、耐久性和可维性,（５）事故载荷和风险评估,     

超大型海洋浮式储油系统的风险评估

对超大型海洋浮式储油系统的危险灾害识别、失效概率计算、失效后果评估、风险准则评定和风险管理决策等几个主要步骤进行了风险分析,计算结果为在设置防坡堤情况下,储油船漂移的概率为2 217×10-6,沉没的概率为6 778×10-8,结构损坏的概率为6 300×10-7,总的经济损失为70万人民币;在未设置防波堤的情况下,储油船漂移的概率为3 167×10-3,沉没的概率为9 683×10-5,结构损坏的概率为9 000×10-4,总的经济损失为9 91亿人民币。结果表明,采取合理的措施,如在储油船系泊地点设置防波堤,以降低风险水平是十分必要的。     

半潜式超大型浮式结构水动力系数研究

以半潜式超大型浮式结构在动力响应分析中的各水动力系数为研究对象,经理论推导得到D’Alembert动力学方程中的移动式海上基地(MOB)单模块运动的结构质量、结构附加质量、静恢复力系数的简易计算公式。以MOB的"三模块模型"为例,研究其在6级海况浪向角为0°~90°条件下,各模块的附加质量系数及静恢复力系数的历时规律,以实例MOB中的第1个模块为代表展示了计算结果,并统计其最大值与文献资料中的结果进行对比。结果表明:运用本理论公式计算的结果与文献中所得结果相似,可验证本理论公式的正确性、可行性与合理性,为求解半潜式超大型浮式结构模块动力响应位移及转角提供简便的方法。     

超大型海洋浮式结构物概念设计的关键技术问题

应用超大型海洋浮式结构物进行海洋空间利用和海洋资源开发，是目前海洋工程界的研究热点。概念设计是超大型海洋浮式结构物研究的基础。本文从设计准则、结构型式、建造材料、模块连接器、系泊系统等几个方面对概念设计的关键技术问题作了归纳，对超大型海洋浮式结构物的概念设计有一定的参考价值。     

Numerical and experimental studies of a floating and liquid-filled membrane structure in waves

Linear theories to analyse a floating and liquid-filled membrane structure in head- and beam-sea waves have been presented. The dynamic solutions are based on a small perturbation of the static solution, and the hydroelastic deformation has been taken care of correctly to the first order of the incident wave amplitude. A new experiment has been carried out for measuring the dynamic tensions of a membrane. A comparison between the theories and experiment are presented for the dynamic hoop tension.     

Time-domain numerical and segmented ship model experimental analyses of hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves

Real sea conditions are characterized by multidirectional sea waves. However, the prediction of hull load responses in oblique waves is a difficult problem due to numeral divergence. This paper focuses on the investigation of numerical and experimental methods of load responses of ultra-large vessels in oblique regular waves. A three dimensional nonlinear hydroelastic method is proposed. In order to numerically solve the divergence problem of time-domain motion equations in oblique waves, a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) autopilot model is applied. A tank model measurement methodology is used to conduct experiments for hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves. To implement the tests, a segmented ship model and oblique wave testing system are designed and assembled. Then a series of tests corresponding to various wave headings are carried out to investigate the vibrational characteristics of the model. Finally, time-domain numerical simulations of the ship are carried out. The numerical analysis results by the presented method show good agreement with experimental results.     

Hydroelasticity of a floating plate in multidirectional waves

The membrane forces are included in the hydroelastic analysis of a floating plate undergoing large vertical deflections in regular monochromatic multidirectional waves. The first-order vertical displacements induced by the linear wave exciting forces are calculated by the mode expansion method in the frequency domain. The second-order vertical displacements induced by the membrane forces are calculated by the von Karman plate theory. The results show that the membrane contribution both in terms of the axial stresses and the effect on the bending stresses can be important.     

波浪作用下刚性框架浮体及其锚绳运动数值模拟精度分析

由小尺度刚性杆件构成的复杂结构近年来多用于海洋平台建设和海洋监测浮标制作以及海洋增养殖人工浮鱼礁的设计。采用有限单元法和集中质量点法建立波浪作用下刚性框架浮体及其锚绳运动数值模型,探讨空间单元划分、时间离散步长、数据保存格式对刚性框架浮体和柔性锚绳运动模拟精度的影响,分别给出此三者之间的匹配关系。研究结果表明:框架浮体的单元划分可依据是否出水给定,单元的划分比建议取0.05;锚绳的单元划分与其上端连接的浮体浮力有关,当锚绳的拉力主要由上端浮体浮力产生时锚绳单元的划分影响较小,当锚绳的拉力主要由波浪力产生时锚绳单元的划分比建议取0.02;空间单元划分与时间离散步长存在匹配关系,通过减小时间步长来追求数值模拟精度时必须同时考虑保存运动物理量截断误差的影响。     

筏式海水养殖设施在波浪作用下的水弹性分析

由于台风等恶劣海洋条件的影响,海上浮筏式养殖结构极易遭受破坏。浮筏式海水养殖结构系统由多个浮子、连接走板和系泊缆组成。文中研究了不同走板材料对浮筏结构在波浪中动力响应的影响。通过基于势流理论的软件WAMIT计算获得了浮子的附加质量系数。利用海洋工程软件OrcaFlex计算模拟了浮筏结构在波浪中的时历响应,并分析比较了采用不同走板材料的浮筏结构在海浪中的水弹性差异。研究结果表明,木制浮筏相对新型高密度聚乙烯（high density polyethylene,简称HDPE）材料在波浪中受到的弯矩更大,可能更容易受到破坏。另外,对比分析了直接计算的结构最大响应和基于瑞利分布预测的最大响应值（MPM）,结果表明结构最大垂向运动基本符合瑞利分布,而水平运动最大值由于受系泊系统非线性影响,与瑞利分布有一定差异。     

混合模块大型浮式结构系统耦合动力响应分析

针对具有天然岛礁庇护或人工庇护的温和海洋环境,提出了一种混合模块大型浮式结构系统,即水动力性能更优的半潜式模块作为内侧主模块,消波效果更优的箱式模块作为外侧浮式防波模块和波浪能发电模块.波浪能装置利用外侧箱式模块与内侧半潜式模块的相对纵摇运动进行发电.考虑模块间多体水动力耦合效应和连接器机械耦合效应,基于ANSYS-AQWA程序重点研究了典型海况下混合5模块串联浮式结构系统的动力响应特征.结果表明,外侧箱式模块和波浪能发电装置能有效减弱内侧半潜式主模块运动响应、连接器动力响应和系泊缆绳张力,并且提供一定的能源供给.所得研究成果可为模块化超大型浮式结构系统的防波—发电集成系统设计提供参考.